Hailstone Size Dichotomy with Global Warming: More Larger and Fewer Smaller
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Peer-reviewed paper:
Title: Hailstone size dichotomy in a warming climate
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-024-00728-9.pdf
Abstract
Hailstorms are analyzed across the United States using explicit hailstone size calculations from convection-permitting regional climate simulations for historical, mid-century, and end of twenty-first- century epochs. Near-surface hailstones less than 4 cm are found to decrease in frequency by an average of 25%, whereas the largest stones are found to increase by 15–75% depending on the greenhouse gas emissions pathway. Decreases in the frequency of near-surface severe hail days are expected across the U.S. High Plains, with 2–4 fewer days projected—primarily in summer. Column-maximum severe hail days are projected to increase robustly in most locations outside of the southern Plains, a distribution that closely mimics projections of thunderstorm days. Primary mechanisms for the changes in hailstone size are linked to future environments supportive of greater instability opposed by thicker melting layers. This results in a future hailstone size dichotomy, whereby stronger updrafts promote more of the largest hailstones, but significant decreases occur for a majority of smaller diameters due to increased melting.
Hail (Wikipedia page):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hail
Hail
https://www.britannica.com/science/hail-meteorology
Recent Calgary Alberta hailstorm:
Insured damages from Aug. 5 hailstorm could top $1 billion, researchers say
https://calgaryherald.com/news/calgary-hail-researchers-insured-damages-exceed-1-billion
'It was like hell': North Calgary hammered by supercell hailstorms
https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/hail-damage-folo
2020 Calgary Alberta hailstorm (costliest to Canada that date)
Cleanup continues after northeast homes, vehicles pounded by 'apocalyptic' storm
https://calgaryherald.com/news/0615-storm-folo
Please donate to http://PaulBeckwith.net to support my research and videos joining the dots on abrupt climate system mayhem
by paulhenrybeckwith
1 comment
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