>Red represents the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms that conquered the British isles from the native Brittonic kingdoms during the 5th century AD.
>The Kingdom of Wessex (Westsexe) was the most powerful Anglo-Saxon kingdom at the time after conquering the last Brittonic kingdom of Dumnonia in the west and annexing the Kingdoms of Essex and Kent.
>The great heathen army marched through England in 870 AD pillaging, and weakening the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, it was at this time Wessex became known as the “Last English Kingdom” and an English identity was born.
>The Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria essentially acted as a client state to Jorvik and retained little power during this period, many Anglo-Saxons fled from Jorvik up to Edinburgh for refuge.
>Yellow represents the newly created Danish kingdoms of Jorvik, East Anglia and the Five Boroughs of Danelaw.
>The Kingdom of Jorvik was created by Ivar the Boneless after conquering most of Northumbria from the Anglo-Saxons, with the capital and seat of power being the Roman ruins of Eboracum. York was mostly occupied by Norsemen unlike the Danelaw in the south that was colonised and settled by Danes.
>The Five Boroughs of Danelaw were the newly created Danish Jarldoms of Djúra-bý (Derby), Leicester, Lincoln, Nottingham and Stamford. Located in Eastern Mercia, these city-state Jarldoms followed their own local Danish warlords with Danish laws and customs. It is debated as to whether Jorvik controlled and was overlord to the 5 Boroughs or if they were truly independent of Norse rule.
>Dark yellow represents Norse Settlements and cities such as the Norse settlements in Western Jorvik and the creation of Dyflin (Dublin) which became one of the largest slave ports in Western Europe.
>The norse kingdom of the Suðreyjar (Kingdom of the Isles) was a powerful raiding kingdom that survived until 1265 when it was absorbed by Scotland.
>Blue represents native Brythonic kingdoms such as Kingdom of Cornwall, the Welsh kingdoms and the Cumbrian Kingdom of Strathclyde.
>Although Alba is blue on the map, it was heavily Gaelicised by this period after the raids and settlements of the Gaels under famous Irish king Cínaed mac Ailpín (Kenneth MacAlpin) who as King of Dál Riada conquered the Brythonic Kingdom of Picts and created the Kingdom of Alba, so in my opinion it should be blue and green.
>The Kingdom of Cornwall at this point was the last Brittonic kingdom in England, being the remnants of the larger Kingdom of Dumnonia.
>The Welsh kingdoms did suffer from viking raids and eventually the norse created trading ports and settled along the coast of the Kingdom of Deheubarth and Glywysing. The Kingdoms of Gwynedd and Powys had a powerful alliance at the time and prevented norse settlements altogether.
>Green represent the native Gaelic kingdoms of Ireland.
>In Munster (Mumu), a group from among the Vikings; the Uí Ímair, claiming descent from and named for Ivar the Boneless, son of Ragnar Lodbrok; eventually emerged as Kings of small Norse-Gaelic kingdoms where they were Kings of Limerick and Kings of Waterford. These small kingdoms; amongst which Limerick was the most prominent; were involved in rivalries with other Vikings in Ireland and held a complex web of rivalries and alliances with native Irish Gaelic clans.
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>Red represents the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms that conquered the British isles from the native Brittonic kingdoms during the 5th century AD.
>The Kingdom of Wessex (Westsexe) was the most powerful Anglo-Saxon kingdom at the time after conquering the last Brittonic kingdom of Dumnonia in the west and annexing the Kingdoms of Essex and Kent.
>The great heathen army marched through England in 870 AD pillaging, and weakening the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, it was at this time Wessex became known as the “Last English Kingdom” and an English identity was born.
>The Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria essentially acted as a client state to Jorvik and retained little power during this period, many Anglo-Saxons fled from Jorvik up to Edinburgh for refuge.
>Yellow represents the newly created Danish kingdoms of Jorvik, East Anglia and the Five Boroughs of Danelaw.
>The Kingdom of Jorvik was created by Ivar the Boneless after conquering most of Northumbria from the Anglo-Saxons, with the capital and seat of power being the Roman ruins of Eboracum. York was mostly occupied by Norsemen unlike the Danelaw in the south that was colonised and settled by Danes.
>The Five Boroughs of Danelaw were the newly created Danish Jarldoms of Djúra-bý (Derby), Leicester, Lincoln, Nottingham and Stamford. Located in Eastern Mercia, these city-state Jarldoms followed their own local Danish warlords with Danish laws and customs. It is debated as to whether Jorvik controlled and was overlord to the 5 Boroughs or if they were truly independent of Norse rule.
>Dark yellow represents Norse Settlements and cities such as the Norse settlements in Western Jorvik and the creation of Dyflin (Dublin) which became one of the largest slave ports in Western Europe.
>The norse kingdom of the Suðreyjar (Kingdom of the Isles) was a powerful raiding kingdom that survived until 1265 when it was absorbed by Scotland.
>Blue represents native Brythonic kingdoms such as Kingdom of Cornwall, the Welsh kingdoms and the Cumbrian Kingdom of Strathclyde.
>Although Alba is blue on the map, it was heavily Gaelicised by this period after the raids and settlements of the Gaels under famous Irish king Cínaed mac Ailpín (Kenneth MacAlpin) who as King of Dál Riada conquered the Brythonic Kingdom of Picts and created the Kingdom of Alba, so in my opinion it should be blue and green.
>The Kingdom of Cornwall at this point was the last Brittonic kingdom in England, being the remnants of the larger Kingdom of Dumnonia.
>The Welsh kingdoms did suffer from viking raids and eventually the norse created trading ports and settled along the coast of the Kingdom of Deheubarth and Glywysing. The Kingdoms of Gwynedd and Powys had a powerful alliance at the time and prevented norse settlements altogether.
>Green represent the native Gaelic kingdoms of Ireland.
>In Munster (Mumu), a group from among the Vikings; the Uí Ímair, claiming descent from and named for Ivar the Boneless, son of Ragnar Lodbrok; eventually emerged as Kings of small Norse-Gaelic kingdoms where they were Kings of Limerick and Kings of Waterford. These small kingdoms; amongst which Limerick was the most prominent; were involved in rivalries with other Vikings in Ireland and held a complex web of rivalries and alliances with native Irish Gaelic clans.