Recent studies show that air pollution plays an environmental
role in the risk of developing autism spectrum disorders (ASD),
Azernews reports.
Scientists have noted that air pollution can have a detrimental
effect on the development of the nervous system, enhancing the
interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Among air
pollutants, especially fine particles (PM2.5 and PM10), sulfur
dioxide (SO₂), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and ozone
(O₃) play a significant role in the risk of autism. These
pollutants cause oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and
disruption of the neurotransmitter system in the body. Pregnant
women and young children are at higher risk due to the sensitive
stages of brain development.
Studies show that fine particles such as PM2.5 and PM10 enter
the body through respiration, into the bloodstream, and can even
cross the placental barrier. Prenatal exposure to these particles
may increase the risk of developing ASD, especially during early
pregnancy.
NO and NO₂ from vehicle and industrial fuel emissions are also
associated with an increased risk of autism. Additionally, O₃
(ozone), especially in combination with PM2.5, can have an
oxidative effect on the developing brain, causing disorders in
neurological development.
SO₂ and some volatile organic compounds may also increase the
risk of ASD in pregnant women and young children. The effects of
pollutants on the brain occur through several mechanisms:
neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, epigenetic changes, and
endocrine disorders. Chronic inflammation and an imbalance of
neurotransmitters are among the main factors that increase the risk
of ASD.
In conclusion, air pollution increases the risk of ASD, which is
once again emphasized in this study. Scientists stress the
importance of further research to better understand this
relationship and develop preventive measures. Improving air quality
during sensitive periods, such as pregnancy and early childhood,
can help reduce the risk of ASD.