Many US companies will need to report their greenhouse gas emissions and make other climate disclosures under California or European Union mandates in the coming years, even if related SEC requirements never take effect.

Big companies with California operations must start complying with the state’s emissions disclosure law in 2026. US businesses with a large European presence also have EU emissions reporting requirements that begin in 2029 and in some cases this fiscal year, if they have EU subsidiaries or debt and equity listed in European markets.

These state and international requirements will keep many companies preparing next year for …