M23 rebels aim to overthrow Kinshasa administration, researcher says, as UN warns of regional war

31 comments

1. Africans in general support DRC, that is a fact. Everyone is tired of Kagame, he is pulling Africa years back. He is an obstacle to inter Africa trade and economic integration. He promotes tribal conflicts for his other interests. Africa would do better when such leaders are forced to go with others.

2. Always western media are biased in african problems, they stay aside where they have interest not on the truth.

3. Back in the early 90s at the end of cold war I remember the West praising the new leaders of Ethiopia Males Zenawi whom they helped to overthrow the then Communist leader of Ethiopia, Paul Kagame of Rwanda and Isaias Afwerke of the then newly born Eritrea as "The New breed of African leaders"…We should all by now know what a leader praised by the West means to Africa…because all of those three praised leaders ended up being either oppressors of their people like Isaias of Eritrea or divisive like Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia who left Ethiopians in unreconcilable division and now we have Kagame who is doing their dirty work despite the fact that he rules a tiny country that can be swallowed in a minuit if it wasn't for Western backing….this is the story of Africa…it is often these little countries that are used to destabilize Africa because the smaller you are the easiest to manipulate….

4. M23 are just too ambitious and delusional

5. Dr Alex Vines, M23 is a parody, a puppet, that Rwanda is manipulating at will to gain control of Dr Congo territory and minerals (coltan) in it.

6. Politicians dnt fight wars.your children do.Think on that real hard..

7. Congo is just a basket case of a country with 450 tribes in it .

8. The international community..please……intervene because Kagame and Museveni are abig problem to the whole region.
   It's Museveni and Kagame arming the M23 REBLES….in Uganda….it's the same story where the M23 is killing Ugandans and taking their land.

9. Dialogue will deal with it

10. Blaming Rwanda sounds funny. These lebels are Congolese. Why pointing Rwanda..

11. I wonder…I just wonder.

12. As mothers count the dead bodies of their beloved sons, fathers cries along with them, while politicians count their monies and victories.
    Waohh. Human beings are truly terrible beings

13. Why you keep saying rwandan backed they are not veing backed there are just Congolese like everyone

14. if Russia is doing it, why cant Rwanda do it

15. You are not serious. Rwanda shall/will be power full regardless your propaganda

16. Shame on rwanda and m23

17. It's a shame to see a Leader who basically denied his people.

18. "Rwandan backed" echo chamber

19. African governments to classify ethnicity and nationality and think to accept reality , because one ethnic like Tutsi or Hutis are both Congo and Rwanda so they share as a government to solve the difference ,and respect Tutsi or Hutis living in DRC are Congolese , those who live in Rwanda are Rwadese. so everything will be all right

20. So many drc resources…but weak army. Why did you not plow monies into stronger armies?

21. Don't ask pink noise about
    Africa dear sister

22. Congolese leaders are cowards. Big for nothing country. They only know how to loot loot loot and loot.

23. The international community should find a lasting solution to the problem instead of sending international forces whenever fighting.erupts. The problem between M23 and DRC Congo can only be solved through dialogue.

24. Rwanda should speed over throw this evil leader of Congo that killed his country youth citizens in massive military killing last week so why would african nations care about this Congo president?????

25. How come you don’t talk about the European mercenaries like you do with Wagner?

26. M23 are following the route that Banyamulenge took during 1996-97

27. March 29 2009 at Goma, the Congolese government signed an agreement with a rebel movement called CNDP to cease the fighting and signed accords. The DRC goverment sabotaged the implementation of those accords and in 2012 the CNDP reminded DRC of those accords under a new name M23…

    1.Avoid tribalism, Tutsis are human beings too, whether they came from Rwanda or are naturally congelese, what matters is that no one should be harmed because of his tribe.

    2.Return the refugees

    3.Avoid impunity

    4.FARDC reforms are needed

    5. Stop shelling on Rwanda's territory

    6.Stop supporting FDLR

    7.Stop hate speeches

    8.Negotiate with M23

    Otherwise militarily you will not win this war….

28. Rwanda backed Rwandan backed.. bla bla… we tired of these blame games.
    Dear DRC gvt admit the responsibility of your people.
    We are fighting for our own rights

29. President Tshisekedi looks as if someone rudely interrupted his sleep.

30. ### 1
    
    The war between Rwanda and the DRC is a proxy war. In other words, global powers such as the United States, Canada, the European Union, and Qatar use Rwanda to acquire critical raw materials at lower costs.
    
    To achieve this, Rwanda arms rebel groups, supported by its army (RDF). These militias have the mission of driving out the inhabitants of villages rich in precious resources such as gold, diamonds, the "3Ts" (tantalum, tungsten, tin), wolframite, cobalt, zinc, etc.
    
    The strategy employed is brutal: militias invade villages, rape women in front of their husbands before executing them. They then enslave young boys to work in the mines and exploit women as sex objects.

    ### 2
    
    *Rebellions in the DRC: A Continuity Under Different Names*
    
    All four of the following rebellions are essentially the same, only changing names depending on the period and circumstances:
    
    *AFDL = RCD = CNDP = M23*

    #### 1996: AFDL (Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo)
    
    – *Puppet:* Laurent-Désiré Kabila
    
    – *Background:* Rwandan army
    
    – *Objective:* Overthrow President Mobutu and protect the Congolese Tutsi minority, called Banyamulenge or Banyarwanda.
    
    After the AFDL’s victory, secret agreements were signed between Laurent-Désiré Kabila and Rwanda. However, these agreements failed, leading to the creation of a new rebellion: the RCD.

    ### 3
    
    #### 1998: RCD (Congolese Rally for Democracy)
    
    – *Puppets:* Professor Wamba dia Wamba, Jean-Pierre Bemba, Delly Sessanga, Lambert Mende, Tambwe Mwamba, Thomas Lubanga.
    
    – *Background:* Rwandan and Ugandan armies.
    
    – *Objective:* Overthrow Laurent-Désiré Kabila and protect the Banyamulenge/Banyarwanda minority.
    
    This rebellion ended with a special agreement, leading to the 2006 elections.

    #### After the 2006 Elections
    
    Following the presidential, legislative, senatorial, and provincial elections, the Banyamulenge/Banyarwanda failed to secure significant representation. Their electoral failure prevented them from accessing strategic positions such as ministers or senators.
    
    Faced with this situation, a new rebellion was created: the CNDP.

    ### 4
    
    #### From CNDP to M23
    
    *2008: CNDP (National Congress for the Defense of the People)*
    
    – *Puppets:* Laurent Nkunda and Sultani Makenga
    
    – *Objective:* Secure more political positions and integrate a greater number of officers from the Congolese Tutsi minority (Banyamulenge/Banyarwanda) into the Congolese army.

    A secret agreement was signed on March 23, 2009, between President Joseph Kabila and the Banyamulenge/Banyarwanda. This agreement, kept away from the public, was never revealed to the National Assembly or the Senate.

    As a result of this agreement:
    
    – The CNDP was transformed into a political party.
    
    – The Banyamulenge/Banyarwanda obtained several government positions.
    
    – Many of them were integrated into the Congolese army, creating tensions as more than 50% of Congolese army generals came from this minority, in accordance with the agreement's terms.

    ### 5
    
    #### 2013: M23 (March 23 Movement)
    
    – *Puppet:* Bertrand Bisimwa
    
    – *Objective:* Demand the implementation of the March 23, 2009 agreement and other claims by the Banyamulenge/Banyarwanda.

    *Key demands of M23 included:*
    
    1. *Political and administrative control:*
    
    – Management of five mineral-rich provinces: North Kivu, South Kivu, Maniema, Ituri, and North Katanga.
    
    – Appointment of all administrators in these provinces by M23 (ex-CNDP) members.
    
    2. *Military domination:*
    
    – 50% of the military command was to be assigned to Banyamulenge/Banyarwanda.
    
    3. *Economic control:*
    
    – Example: The mining company Alpha Mining, located in North Kivu, exclusively employs Banyamulenge/Banyarwanda who, despite working in the DRC, prefer to reside in Kigali (Rwanda).

    A portion of this agreement began to be implemented, but Joseph Kabila struggled to convince the local populations to accept these changes. Due to this opposition, he failed to enforce it before his term ended in 2018.

    ### 6
    
    #### 2019: The Arrival of Félix Tshisekedi and the Challenge to the Agreement
    
    In 2019, Félix Tshisekedi took power and discovered the secret agreement of March 23, 2009.
    
    – Rwandan President Paul Kagame recommended implementing this agreement.
    
    – However, after reviewing the terms, Félix Tshisekedi decided to make it public and refused to comply.

    This is the context in which M23 is now demanding negotiations: their goal is to force the Congolese government to honor the March 23, 2009 agreement.

    ### *Conclusion*
    
    The Banyarwanda, a minority of Congolese Tutsis who speak Rwandan, represent only about 1% of the Democratic Republic of Congo’s population, according to statistics. Yet, they seek to control the five rich provinces mentioned above, to the benefit of Rwanda.

31. The western media in particular is perpetuating a false narrative that M23 is a Rwandan entity and not Congolese, including false impression that Rwandan armed forces are actively involved. What is gained by this falsification?

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