Jun 14, 2025
The Federal Reserve is anticipated to maintain its interest rates for the fourth consecutive meeting, while the European Central Bank (ECB) has opted to decrease its rates for the eighth time within a year. This divergence in policy has been highlighted in a recent report. President Trump has criticized the Federal Reserve’s approach, urging a rate cut of one percentage point, contrasting with the ECB’s aggressive rate reductions.
According to data from IndexBox, the ECB recently lowered its benchmark interest rate to 2%, marking its lowest level since early 2023. This move positions Europe’s borrowing costs over 2 percentage points below those in the United States, where the Federal Reserve’s last rate cut occurred in December 2024, setting a target range of 4.25%-4.5%.
Economists note that the key difference between the two central banks lies in their inflation outlooks. While the ECB has been reducing its inflation forecasts, anticipating a drop to its 2% target this year, the Fed has been cautious, expecting Trump’s tariffs to elevate inflation levels. Despite these concerns, the Fed has not yet adjusted its rates during Trump’s second term.
Jeffrey Roach, chief economist for LPL Financial, points out that stronger consumer demand in the US allows the Fed more flexibility before making policy changes. Conversely, with weaker growth prospects in Europe, the ECB has adopted a more dovish stance in response to economic pressures.
As global trade tensions persist, ECB President Christine Lagarde has warned of potential volatility in financial markets that could suppress European demand and inflation. The World Bank has also highlighted that these tensions are contributing to a slowdown in global growth, with projections now at 2.3% for the year, the slowest pace since 2008 outside of global recessions.
1. INTRODUCTION
Making Data-Driven Decisions to Grow Your Business
REPORT DESCRIPTION
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND THE AI PLATFORM
DATA-DRIVEN DECISIONS FOR YOUR BUSINESS
GLOSSARY AND SPECIFIC TERMS
2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
A Quick Overview of Market Performance
KEY FINDINGS
MARKET TRENDS This Chapter is Available Only for the Professional EditionPRO
3. MARKET OVERVIEW
Understanding the Current State of The Market and its Prospects
MARKET SIZE: HISTORICAL DATA (2012–2024) AND FORECAST (2025–2035)
CONSUMPTION BY COUNTRY: HISTORICAL DATA (2012–2024) AND FORECAST (2025–2035)
MARKET FORECAST TO 2035
4. MOST PROMISING PRODUCTS FOR DIVERSIFICATION
Finding New Products to Diversify Your Business
TOP PRODUCTS TO DIVERSIFY YOUR BUSINESS
BEST-SELLING PRODUCTS
MOST CONSUMED PRODUCTS
MOST TRADED PRODUCTS
MOST PROFITABLE PRODUCTS FOR EXPORT
5. MOST PROMISING SUPPLYING COUNTRIES
Choosing the Best Countries to Establish Your Sustainable Supply Chain
TOP COUNTRIES TO SOURCE YOUR PRODUCT
TOP PRODUCING COUNTRIES
TOP EXPORTING COUNTRIES
LOW-COST EXPORTING COUNTRIES
6. MOST PROMISING OVERSEAS MARKETS
Choosing the Best Countries to Boost Your Export
TOP OVERSEAS MARKETS FOR EXPORTING YOUR PRODUCT
TOP CONSUMING MARKETS
UNSATURATED MARKETS
TOP IMPORTING MARKETS
MOST PROFITABLE MARKETS
7. PRODUCTION
The Latest Trends and Insights into The Industry
PRODUCTION VOLUME AND VALUE: HISTORICAL DATA (2012–2024) AND FORECAST (2025–2035)
PRODUCTION BY COUNTRY: HISTORICAL DATA (2012–2024) AND FORECAST (2025–2035)
8. IMPORTS
The Largest Import Supplying Countries
IMPORTS: HISTORICAL DATA (2012–2024) AND FORECAST (2025–2035)
IMPORTS BY COUNTRY: HISTORICAL DATA (2012–2024) AND FORECAST (2025–2035)
IMPORT PRICES BY COUNTRY: HISTORICAL DATA (2012–2024) AND FORECAST (2025–2035)
9. EXPORTS
The Largest Destinations for Exports
EXPORTS: HISTORICAL DATA (2012–2024) AND FORECAST (2025–2035)
EXPORTS BY COUNTRY: HISTORICAL DATA (2012–2024) AND FORECAST (2025–2035)
EXPORT PRICES BY COUNTRY: HISTORICAL DATA (2012–2024) AND FORECAST (2025–2035)
10. PROFILES OF MAJOR PRODUCERS
The Largest Producers on The Market and Their Profiles
11. COUNTRY PROFILES
The Largest Markets And Their Profiles
This Chapter is Available Only for the Professional Edition
PRO
United States
China
Japan
Germany
United Kingdom
France
Brazil
Italy
Russian Federation
India
Canada
Australia
Republic of Korea
Spain
Mexico
Indonesia
Netherlands
Turkey
Saudi Arabia
Switzerland
Sweden
Nigeria
Poland
Belgium
Argentina
Norway
Austria
Thailand
United Arab Emirates
Colombia
Denmark
South Africa
Malaysia
Israel
Singapore
Egypt
Philippines
Finland
Chile
Ireland
Pakistan
Greece
Portugal
Kazakhstan
Algeria
Czech Republic
Qatar
Peru
Romania
Vietnam
LIST OF TABLES
Key Findings In 2024
Market Volume, In Physical Terms: Historical Data (2012–2024) and Forecast (2025–2035)
Market Value: Historical Data (2012–2024) and Forecast (2025–2035)
Per Capita Consumption, by Country, 2022–2024
Production, In Physical Terms, By Country: Historical Data (2012–2024) and Forecast (2025–2035)
Imports, In Physical Terms, By Country: Historical Data (2012–2024) and Forecast (2025–2035)
Imports, In Value Terms, By Country: Historical Data (2012–2024) and Forecast (2025–2035)
Import Prices, By Country: Historical Data (2012–2024) and Forecast (2025–2035)
Exports, In Physical Terms, By Country: Historical Data (2012–2024) and Forecast (2025–2035)
Exports, In Value Terms, By Country: Historical Data (2012–2024) and Forecast (2025–2035)
Export Prices, By Country: Historical Data (2012–2024) and Forecast (2025–2035)
LIST OF FIGURES
Market Volume, In Physical Terms: Historical Data (2012–2024) and Forecast (2025–2035)
Market Value: Historical Data (2012–2024) and Forecast (2025–2035)
Consumption, by Country, 2024
Market Volume Forecast to 2035
Market Value Forecast to 2035
Market Size and Growth, By Product
Average Per Capita Consumption, By Product
Exports and Growth, By Product
Export Prices and Growth, By Product
Production Volume and Growth
Exports and Growth
Export Prices and Growth
Market Size and Growth
Per Capita Consumption
Imports and Growth
Import Prices
Production, In Physical Terms: Historical Data (2012–2024) and Forecast (2025–2035)
Production, In Value Terms: Historical Data (2012–2024) and Forecast (2025–2035)
Production, by Country, 2024
Production, In Physical Terms, by Country: Historical Data (2012–2024) and Forecast (2025–2035)
Imports, In Physical Terms: Historical Data (2012–2024) and Forecast (2025–2035)
Imports, In Value Terms: Historical Data (2012–2024) and Forecast (2025–2035)
Imports, In Physical Terms, By Country, 2024
Imports, In Physical Terms, By Country: Historical Data (2012–2024) and Forecast (2025–2035)
Imports, In Value Terms, By Country: Historical Data (2012–2024) and Forecast (2025–2035)
Import Prices, By Country: Historical Data (2012–2024) and Forecast (2025–2035)
Exports, In Physical Terms: Historical Data (2012–2024) and Forecast (2025–2035)
Exports, In Value Terms: Historical Data (2012–2024) and Forecast (2025–2035)
Exports, In Physical Terms, By Country, 2024
Exports, In Physical Terms, By Country: Historical Data (2012–2024) and Forecast (2025–2035)
Exports, In Value Terms, By Country: Historical Data (2012–2024) and Forecast (2025–2035)
Export Prices, By Country: Historical Data (2012–2024) and Forecast (2025–2035)