These iconic antler-like corals used to carpet Florida’s reef. They’ve just been declared ‘functionally extinct’

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1. Elkhorn and staghorn corals used to carpet Florida’s reef system, rising like antlers from the seabed — but not anymore. These crucial coral species [are now “functionally extinct” in the region](https://www.cnn.com/2025/10/23/climate/florida-coral-reef-heatwave-extinct?utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=missions&utm_source=reddit) after record-breaking ocean temperatures, according to a study published Thursday.

   The corals, which have been dominant reef builders in Florida for the past 10,000 years, were already critically endangered due to a host of factors including disease, pollution, hurricanes and ocean warming. But an unprecedented marine heat wave may have delivered a fatal blow.

   In the summer of 2023, Florida’s water temperatures peaked at more than 90 degrees Fahrenheit, the highest recorded in the region for at least 150 years.

   Heat stress is a coral killer. It causes them to eject the algae that provide them with their color and energy, leaving behind a ghostly bleached skeleton. They can recover if temperatures return to normal, but the more intense and prolonged the heat, the more likely it is they will die.

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