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These days, gauging the health of the economy is almost like trying to figure out how Schrödinger’s cat is doing.
Depending on who you talk to, the economy might be on the upswing or trending downward: It’s showing promise but also headed for collapse.
Take, for example, the fact that after months of dismal jobs numbers and recession predictions, a recent White House press release touted the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis’ revision of second quarter GDP numbers, claiming “explosive growth” for the economy — along with positive reactions from various financial experts. At the McDonald’s Impact Summit in November, President Donald Trump doubled down. He said that his first term “built the greatest economy in the history of the world” and that, now, he’s set to do it again (1).
And at least some of the numbers seem to agree. A revision of second-quarter GDP saw a jump to 3.8% from April through June of 2025, which had previously been reported as 3.3%. That figure was a big boost from -0.6% GDP growth in the first quarter of the year, and one of the fastest paces for GDP growth since the third quarter of 2023.
The GDP growth was driven by a slowing of imports and a greater increase in consumer spending than previously reported, led by transportation, financial and insurance services.
As such, the White House press release claimed that this was all part of “explosive growth” and “the groundwork for a long-term restoration of American Greatness (2).”
But GDP is only part of the equation, so the question remains: Is the economy really surging back the way the White House suggests?
Part of the problem in establishing a consensus on how the economy’s doing is that the traditional indicators of a healthy economy tell a conflicting story. GDP and consumer spending, for example, are up, while employment estimates for September show the U.S. continues to bleed jobs.
Data from ADP — a global human resources and payroll services software — is used to complement the usual U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) numbers. However, the government shutdown in October and November further obscured just how jobs are doing, due to delayed BLS’ reporting. The next jobs report is expected to be released on Dec. 16. Meanwhile, ADP’s latest monthly jobs report suggests the private sector lost 32,000 jobs in November (2).