Toppled Venezuelan president Nicolas Maduro pleaded not guilty to drug trafficking and other charges at a defiant appearance in a New York court, days after being snatched by US forces in a stunning raid on his home in Caracas.

Mr Maduro, 63, told a federal judge in Manhattan “I’m innocent. I’m not guilty.”

Smiling as he entered the courtroom and wearing an orange shirt with beige trousers, Mr Maduro spoke softly.

“I’m president of the Republic of Venezuela and I’ve been kidnapped here since 3 January, Saturday,” Mr Maduro told the court, speaking in Spanish through an interpreter. “I was captured at my home in Caracas, Venezuela.”

But the man who ruled his oil-rich country with an iron fist for more than 12 years got a sharp reminder of his fall when the judge told him to stick to simply stating his name.

CARACAS, VENEZUELA - JANUARY 5: (----EDITORIAL USE ONLY â" MANDATORY CREDIT - 'VENEZUELAN NATIONAL ASSEMBLY / HANDOUT' - NO MARKETING NO ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS - DISTRIBUTED AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS----) At the opening session of the National Assemblyâs new legislative term, Delcy Rodriguez (2nd L) is
Delcy Rodriguez was sworn in as acting president of Venezuela

Mr Maduro’s wife Cilia Flores likewise pleaded not guilty. The judge ordered both to remain behind bars and set a new hearing date of 17 March.

Thousands of people marched through Caracas in support of Mr Maduro as his former deputy, Delcy Rodriguez, was sworn in as interim president.

Mr Maduro and Ms Flores were forcibly taken by US forces in the early hours of Saturday in airstrikes on the Venezuelan capital backed by warplanes and a heavy naval deployment.

In a series of shock announcements over the weekend, US President Donald Trump then declared that the United States was “in charge” and intends to take control of Venezuela’s huge but decrepit oil industry.

The 79-year-old president also dismissed the idea of Venezuela having new elections in the next month.

“We have to fix the country first. You can’t have an election. There’s no way the people could even vote,” Mr Trump told broadcaster NBC News in an interview aired yesterday.

‘Access to oil’

Mr Maduro became president in 2013, taking over from his predecessor Hugo Chavez.

The United States and European Union say he stayed in power by rigging elections – most recently in 2024 – and imprisoning opponents, while overseeing rampant corruption.

Protesters gather in the street with signs and flags
People take part in a demonstration in support of Nicolas Maduro

The crisis after a quarter century of leftist rule now leaves Venezuela’s approximately 30 million people facing uncertainty.

Mr Trump has said he wants to work with Ms Rodriguez and the rest of Mr Maduro’s former team – provided that they submit to US demands on oil.

And after an initially hostile response, Ms Rodriguez said she is ready for “cooperation.”

Venezuela has the world’s largest proven oil reserves.

However, the oil is difficult and expensive to produce and after years of international sanctions and mismanagement, the infrastructure is in poor shape.

Markets finished higher yesterday as shares in major US oil companies Chevron, ExxonMobil and ConocoPhillips surged, with the Dow Jones index and London’s FTSE 100 closing at new all-time record highs.

Brian Naranjo, a former US diplomat in Venezuela before he was expelled by Mr Maduro in 2018, said that he has “not been so worried about the future of Venezuela, ever.”

“There’s a very real possibility that things are going to get much, much worse in Venezuela before they get better,” he told AFP.

WASHINGTON, DC - JANUARY 05: U.S. Secretary of War Pete Hegseth arrives for a briefing with bicameral congressional leadership at the U.S. Capitol on January 05, 2026 in Washington, DC. The briefing addressed U.S. actions in Venezuela, including the capture of Venezuela's Nicolas Maduro and his wife
US Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth attended a briefing addressing US actions in Venezuela

Cuba, Greenland

Mr Trump, who has shocked many Americans with his unprecedented moves to accumulate domestic power, also now appears increasingly emboldened in foreign policy.

On Sunday, he said Cuba was “ready to fall” and he repeated that Greenland, which is part of US ally Denmark, should be controlled by the United States.

Brian Finucane, of the International Crisis Group, told AFP that Mr Trump “seems to be disregarding international law altogether” in Venezuela and added that US domestic law also appeared to have been broken.

Details of the US operation in Venezuela were still emerging yesterday, with Cuba saying 32 Cubans were killed in the attack.

US Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth said that nearly 200 personnel went into Caracas in the surprise raid. Some injuries and no deaths were reported by US officials.