For decades, gold followed a familiar rhythm. Prices rose when fear spiked, fell when calm returned. When gold rallied too far, supply or selling pressure would bring it back down.
That framework is now breaking.
According to a Goldman Sachs report released Thursday, gold has entered a new phase. Private-sector buyers — not just central banks — are becoming a structural force in price formation.
For that reason, the investment bank lifted its December 2026 gold forecast from $4,900 to $5,400 an ounce. This implies there may still be roughly 15% upside ahead — even after the metal’s blockbuster 64% surge in 2025.
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Central banks still matter, and Goldman expects emerging-market reserve managers to continue adding gold at an elevated pace in 2026.
But the acceleration in prices since 2025 reflects something new: private capital treating gold as a long-term hedge against global policy risk, rather than a cyclical trade.
“Private sector diversification into gold has started to realize,” analyst Daan Struyven said.
The shift matters because it changes how the gold market behaves after rallies.
According to the report, “private sector diversification buyers, whose purchases hedge global policy risks and have driven the upside surprise to our price forecast, don’t liquidate their gold holdings in 2026, effectively lifting the starting point of our price forecast.”
This demand is showing up in several ways. Western gold ETFs – such as the SPDR Gold Shares (NYSE:GLD) or the iShares Gold Trust (NYSE:IAU) – have attracted substantial inflows since rate cuts began, exceeding what simple rate-based models would predict.
More importantly, Goldman highlights growing demand through harder-to-measure channels: physical purchases by high-net-worth families, increased use of gold-linked structures, and heavy call-option buying that mechanically reinforces upside momentum through dealer hedging.
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These flows are not easily reversed. Unlike election-related hedges or short-term speculative positioning, they are tied to broader concerns about fiscal sustainability, monetary credibility, currency debasement, and geopolitical fragmentation.
That makes them structurally different — and far more persistent.
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