Israel’s reliance on newly formed Palestinian militias in Gaza to strike Hamas surfaced earlier this month when one group claimed responsibility for killing a Hamas police official in Hamas-controlled territory and promised more attacks.
In a video, Hussam Al Astal, leader of the militia, warned Hamas: “Just as we reached him, we will come for you, too,” while brandishing an assault rifle.
According to a Wall Street Journal report, Israel’s support for these militias includes drone air support, intelligence sharing, weapons, food, and cigarettes. Officials said some members were airlifted to Israeli hospitals after sustaining injuries. Israeli officials see the groups as a way to reach areas off-limits to troops under the cease-fire, including al-Mawasi, where the attack occurred.
Astal denied receiving Israeli assistance beyond food, claiming his forces acted independently. Hamas described the attackers as “agents of the Israeli occupation” and threatened severe retaliation.
Former Israeli military officer Yaron Buskila said Israel previously monitored and occasionally assisted militia operations against Hamas. Other militias, including the Popular Forces, have been used to draw Hamas fighters out of tunnels in Rafah, with members posting videos online claiming attacks and recruiting new fighters.
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Members of the Abu Shabab militia in Gaza. Credit: Used in accordance with clause 27a of the Copyright Act
Members of the Abu Shabab militia in Gaza. Credit: Used in accordance with clause 27a of the Copyright Act
Analysts warn the strategy carries risks. Some militias have been linked to looting and criminal activity, limiting local support. Hamas has reasserted control over much of Gaza, and militias could turn on Israel or face reprisals if Israeli forces withdraw.
“They may occasionally conduct a successful operation against Hamas,” said former Israeli intelligence officer Michael Milshtein. “But history suggests it’s only a matter of time before they face a grim choice: execution, arrest, or escape.”
Analysts caution that the long-term viability of these militias as an alternative to Hamas is uncertain, noting parallels with Israeli-backed militias in Lebanon.