Feb 6, 2026
According to Vortexa, China’s seaborne crude imports have eased from the December peak of over 12 million barrels per day (mbd), slipping to around 10.6 mbd most recently. This level is broadly flat with the 2025 annual average, reflecting the conclusion of year-end stockpiling rather than a deterioration in underlying demand.
Refiners had accelerated imports in late 2025 to utilise remaining quotas and build inventories ahead of winter, a dynamic that has now largely played out.
Record Inventories Despite Import Slowdown
Despite this near-term slowdown in imports, China’s onshore crude inventories, excluding underground storage, continued to rise through 2025, reaching a record approximately 1.13 billion barrels by year-end. Total stock builds amounted to around 75 million barrels, equivalent to an average stockpiling rate of 205,000 barrels per day (kbd), up roughly 40% from 148 kbd in 2024.
The faster pace of crude stock builds last year was largely driven by private refiners and traders, with close to 100 kbd flowing into private-owned storage, particularly in Shandong. These tanks played a critical role in absorbing heavily discounted, blockade-evading sanctioned crude barrels, especially in the second half of the year, as teapot refiners capitalised on sharp price dislocations.
Shandong’s private inventories continued to rise through January, supported by record Russian crude arrivals in both December and January. This is notable given that teapot refiners had already accumulated substantial stocks in the final two months of 2025.
In contrast, stock builds at state-owned facilities slowed markedly year on year. State-run inventories rose by only around 110 kbd through 2025, down from more than 160 kbd in 2024. This deceleration reflected tightening storage constraints rather than weaker appetite, unfolding alongside a recovery in Chinese majors’ refining runs and against a backdrop of lower crude prices, with Brent averaging in the mid-$60s in 2025. Average utilisation at state-run tanks climbed to around 67%, with some major coastal sites breaching 90%, sharply limiting their ability to absorb incremental barrels in the second half of 2025.
Operational and Geopolitical Factors
Operational disruptions further compounded these constraints. The U.S. sanction on the Rizhao Shihua terminal in October—a key gateway supplying roughly 20% of Sinopec’s approximately 4 mbd crude import requirements—forced China’s largest refiner to rely more heavily on inventories built earlier in the year. As a result, Sinopec-controlled storage recorded a net draw of around 20 kbd, even as national crude stocks continued to rise.
New Storage and Refining Capacity Approaching
While China continues to pursue strategic energy security through inventory expansion, crude stock changes follow a strong seasonal pattern. Historically, stock builds are concentrated in the second quarter, with draws typically emerging in the third quarter.
Several storage projects that have been under construction are becoming visible on the ground, signalling that construction is nearing completion and that incremental capacity could start to enter the system in the coming months. Most of the upcoming capacity is controlled by state-run operators, including Sinopec and Zhenhua. This implies that incremental stockpiling demand will be skewed toward sanctions-compliant, mainstream crude grades.
That said, average utilisation at private-owned storage facilities remains relatively low, at around 50%, leaving ample spare capacity to absorb additional inflows of sanctioned crude. Elevated geopolitical risks could encourage Iranian and Russian barrels to be moved onshore rather than kept on water, as traders seek to reduce exposure to potential transit disruptions or enforcement risks.
The timing of initial oil fill remains uncertain, as storage commissioning is often tied to broader port and terminal upgrades. For example, the Dongying port VLCC expansion is expected to be completed around June, suggesting that new Sinopec-controlled storage at the site is unlikely to start up before mid-year. Similarly, the 300 kbd Huajin-Aramco Petrochemical complex is reportedly scheduled to begin trial runs in the third quarter.
Taken together, the addition of approximately 80 million barrels of new state-run storage, alongside approximately 24 million barrels of other capacity and incremental refining throughput, points to a renewed ability for China to absorb crude inventories. While stockpiling may remain uneven in early 2026, these new capacities could keep China’s crude stock builds elevated over the course of the year—particularly in the second half of 2026.
This report provides a comprehensive view of the crude oil industry in China, tracking demand, supply, and trade flows across the national value chain. It explains how demand across key channels and end-use segments shapes consumption patterns, while also mapping the role of input availability, production efficiency, and regulatory standards on supply.
Beyond headline metrics, the study benchmarks prices, margins, and trade routes so you can see where value is created and how it moves between domestic suppliers and international partners. The analysis is designed to support strategic planning, market entry, portfolio prioritization, and risk management in the crude oil landscape in China.
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Key findings
Domestic demand is shaped by both household and industrial usage, with trade flows linking local supply to imports and exports.
Pricing dynamics reflect unit values, freight costs, exchange rates, and regulatory shifts that affect sourcing decisions.
Supply depends on input availability and production efficiency, creating a distinct national cost curve.
Market concentration varies by segment, creating different competitive landscapes and entry barriers.
The 2035 outlook highlights where capacity investment and demand growth are most aligned within the country.
Report scope
The report combines market sizing with trade intelligence and price analytics for China. It covers both historical performance and the forward outlook to 2035, allowing you to compare cycles, structural shifts, and policy impacts.
Market size and growth in value and volume terms
Consumption structure by end-use segments
Production capacity, output, and cost dynamics
Trade flows, exporters, importers, and balances
Price benchmarks, unit values, and margin signals
Competitive context and market entry conditions
Product coverageCountry coverageCountry profile and benchmarks
This report provides a consistent view of market size, trade balance, prices, and per-capita indicators for China. The profile highlights demand structure and trade position, enabling benchmarking against regional and global peers.
Methodology
The analysis is built on a multi-source framework that combines official statistics, trade records, company disclosures, and expert validation. Data are standardized, reconciled, and cross-checked to ensure consistency across time series.
International trade data (exports, imports, and mirror statistics)
National production and consumption statistics
Company-level information from financial filings and public releases
Price series and unit value benchmarks
Analyst review, outlier checks, and time-series validation
All data are normalized to a common product definition and mapped to a consistent set of codes. This ensures that comparisons across time are aligned and actionable.
Forecasts to 2035
The forecast horizon extends to 2035 and is based on a structured model that links crude oil demand and supply to macroeconomic indicators, trade patterns, and sector-specific drivers. The model captures both cyclical and structural factors and reflects known policy and technology shifts in China.
Historical baseline: 2012-2025
Forecast horizon: 2026-2035
Scenario-based sensitivity to income growth, substitution, and regulation
Capacity and investment outlook for major producing companies
Each projection is built from national historical patterns and the broader regional context, allowing the report to show where growth is concentrated and where risks are elevated.
Price analysis and trade dynamics
Prices are analyzed in detail, including export and import unit values, regional spreads, and changes in trade costs. The report highlights how seasonality, freight rates, exchange rates, and supply disruptions influence pricing and margins.
Price benchmarks by country and sub-region
Export and import unit value trends
Seasonality and calendar effects in trade flows
Price outlook to 2035 under baseline assumptions
Profiles of market participants
Key producers, exporters, and distributors are profiled with a focus on their operational scale, geographic footprint, product mix, and market positioning. This helps identify competitive pressure points, partnership opportunities, and routes to differentiation.
Business focus and production capabilities
Geographic reach and distribution networks
Cost structure and pricing strategy indicators
Compliance, certification, and sustainability context
How to use this report
Quantify domestic demand and identify the most attractive segments
Evaluate export opportunities and prioritize target destinations
Track price dynamics and protect margins
Benchmark performance against leading competitors
Build evidence-based forecasts for investment decisions
This report is designed for manufacturers, distributors, importers, wholesalers, investors, and advisors who need a clear, data-driven picture of crude oil dynamics in China.
FAQ
What is included in the crude oil market in China?
The market size aggregates consumption and trade data, presented in both value and volume terms.
How are the forecasts to 2035 built?
The projections combine historical trends with macroeconomic indicators, trade dynamics, and sector-specific drivers.
Does the report cover prices and margins?
Yes, it includes export and import unit values, regional spreads, and a pricing outlook to 2035.
Which benchmarks are included?
The report benchmarks market size, trade balance, prices, and per-capita indicators for China.
Can this report support market entry decisions?
Yes, it highlights demand hotspots, trade routes, pricing trends, and competitive context.
1. INTRODUCTION
Making Data-Driven Decisions to Grow Your Business
REPORT DESCRIPTION
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND THE AI PLATFORM
DATA-DRIVEN DECISIONS FOR YOUR BUSINESS
GLOSSARY AND SPECIFIC TERMS
2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
A Quick Overview of Market Performance
KEY FINDINGS
MARKET TRENDSThis Chapter is Available Only for the Professional EditionPRO
3. MARKET OVERVIEW
Understanding the Current State of The Market and its Prospects
MARKET SIZE: HISTORICAL DATA (2012–2025) AND FORECAST (2026–2035)
MARKET STRUCTURE: HISTORICAL DATA (2012–2025) AND FORECAST (2026–2035)
TRADE BALANCE: HISTORICAL DATA (2012–2025) AND FORECAST (2026–2035)
PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION: HISTORICAL DATA (2012–2025) AND FORECAST (2026–2035)
MARKET FORECAST TO 2035
4. MOST PROMISING PRODUCTS FOR DIVERSIFICATION
Finding New Products to Diversify Your Business
TOP PRODUCTS TO DIVERSIFY YOUR BUSINESS
BEST-SELLING PRODUCTS
MOST CONSUMED PRODUCTS
MOST TRADED PRODUCTS
MOST PROFITABLE PRODUCTS FOR EXPORTS
5. MOST PROMISING SUPPLYING COUNTRIES
Choosing the Best Countries to Establish Your Sustainable Supply Chain
TOP COUNTRIES TO SOURCE YOUR PRODUCT
TOP PRODUCING COUNTRIES
TOP EXPORTING COUNTRIES
LOW-COST EXPORTING COUNTRIES
6. MOST PROMISING OVERSEAS MARKETS
Choosing the Best Countries to Boost Your Export
TOP OVERSEAS MARKETS FOR EXPORTING YOUR PRODUCT
TOP CONSUMING MARKETS
UNSATURATED MARKETS
TOP IMPORTING MARKETS
MOST PROFITABLE MARKETS
7. PRODUCTION
The Latest Trends and Insights into The Industry
PRODUCTION VOLUME AND VALUE: HISTORICAL DATA (2012–2025) AND FORECAST (2026–2035)
8. IMPORTS
The Largest Import Supplying Countries
IMPORTS: HISTORICAL DATA (2012–2025) AND FORECAST (2026–2035)
IMPORTS BY COUNTRY: HISTORICAL DATA (2012–2025)
IMPORT PRICES BY COUNTRY: HISTORICAL DATA (2012–2025)
9. EXPORTS
The Largest Destinations for Exports
EXPORTS: HISTORICAL DATA (2012–2025) AND FORECAST (2026–2035)
EXPORTS BY COUNTRY: HISTORICAL DATA (2012–2025)
EXPORT PRICES BY COUNTRY: HISTORICAL DATA (2012–2025)
10. PROFILES OF MAJOR PRODUCERS
The Largest Producers on The Market and Their Profiles
LIST OF TABLES
Key Findings In 2025
Market Volume, In Physical Terms: Historical Data (2012–2025) and Forecast (2026–2035)
Market Value: Historical Data (2012–2025) and Forecast (2026–2035)
Per Capita Consumption: Historical Data (2012–2025) and Forecast (2026–2035)
Imports, In Physical Terms, By Country, 2012–2025
Imports, In Value Terms, By Country, 2012–2025
Import Prices, By Country, 2012–2025
Exports, In Physical Terms, By Country, 2012–2025
Exports, In Value Terms, By Country, 2012–2025
Export Prices, By Country, 2012–2025
LIST OF FIGURES
Market Volume, In Physical Terms: Historical Data (2012–2025) and Forecast (2026–2035)
Market Value: Historical Data (2012–2025) and Forecast (2026–2035)
Market Structure – Domestic Supply vs. Imports, in Physical Terms: Historical Data (2012–2025) and Forecast (2026–2035)
Market Structure – Domestic Supply vs. Imports, in Value Terms: Historical Data (2012–2025) and Forecast (2026–2035)
Trade Balance, In Physical Terms: Historical Data (2012–2025) and Forecast (2026–2035)
Trade Balance, In Value Terms: Historical Data (2012–2025) and Forecast (2026–2035)
Per Capita Consumption: Historical Data (2012–2025) and Forecast (2026–2035)
Market Volume Forecast to 2035
Market Value Forecast to 2035
Market Size and Growth, By Product
Average Per Capita Consumption, By Product
Exports and Growth, By Product
Export Prices and Growth, By Product
Production Volume and Growth
Exports and Growth
Export Prices and Growth
Market Size and Growth
Per Capita Consumption
Imports and Growth
Import Prices
Production, In Physical Terms: Historical Data (2012–2025) and Forecast (2026–2035)
Production, In Value Terms: Historical Data (2012–2025) and Forecast (2026–2035)
Imports, In Physical Terms: Historical Data (2012–2025) and Forecast (2026–2035)
Imports, In Value Terms: Historical Data (2012–2025) and Forecast (2026–2035)
Imports, In Physical Terms, By Country, 2025
Imports, In Physical Terms, By Country, 2012–2025
Imports, In Value Terms, By Country, 2012–2025
Import Prices, By Country, 2012–2025
Exports, In Physical Terms: Historical Data (2012–2025) and Forecast (2026–2035)
Exports, In Value Terms: Historical Data (2012–2025) and Forecast (2026–2035)
Exports, In Physical Terms, By Country, 2025
Exports, In Physical Terms, By Country, 2012–2025
Exports, In Value Terms, By Country, 2012–2025
Export Prices, By Country, 2012–2025