In Asia, Indonesia topped the list with 15 cases, followed by India (14), Pakistan (6), and China (5). Globally, the United States leads with 1,986 climate-related cases, followed by Australia, Brazil, the United Kingdom, Northern Ireland, and Germany.
The UNEP report, titled Global Climate Litigation Report 2025: Climate Change in the Courtroom – Trends, Impacts and Emerging Lessons, was prepared in collaboration with the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law at Columbia Law School. It finds that climate litigation is now being pursued in more countries than ever before, with courts becoming vital venues for accountability and justice.
The report highlights that over 3,099 climate-related cases have been filed across 55 jurisdictions and 24 international or regional courts, tribunals, and quasi-judicial bodies. This marks a sharp increase from 884 cases in 2017, 1,550 in 2020, and 2,180 in 2022.