Israeli studies show the war has taken its toll on the mental health of soldiers carrying out Israel’s wars on multiple fronts [Getty]
Israel is grappling with a dramatic increase in post-traumatic stress disorder and suicide among its troops after Tel Aviv’s two-year genocide campaign in Gaza.
Recent reports by the Defence Ministry and by health providers have detailed the military’s mental health crisis, which comes as Israeli attacks persist in Gaza, the occupied West Bank, Lebanon, and Syria, and as tensions flare with Iran.
The Gaza war quickly expanded with cross-border fire between Israel and Lebanon’s Hezbollah, and saw hundreds of thousands of soldiers and reservists deployed across both fronts in some of the heaviest fighting in the country’s history.
Israeli forces have killed more than 71,400 Palestinians in Gaza and around 5,000 in Lebanon, according to Palestinian and Lebanese officials, and Israel says more than 1,100 service members have been killed since 7 October 2023.
The war has left much of Gaza in ruins, and its two million people overwhelmingly lack proper shelter, food or access to medical and health services, as Israel continues to block the entry of humanitarian relief. Several Palestinians, including children, have died from hypothermia.
Palestinian mental health specialists have said Gazans are suffering “a volcano” of psychological trauma, with large numbers now seeking treatment, and children suffering symptoms such as night terrors and an inability to focus.
PTSD cases among Israeli soldiers up 40% since 2023
Israeli studies show the war has taken its toll on the mental health of soldiers carrying out Israel’s wars on multiple fronts.
Some soldiers who came under attack when their military bases were invaded by Hamas on 7 October 2023 are also struggling. Hamas says the attack was in response to Israel’s blockade of Gaza, occupation of Palestinian lands, and continued aggression against the Palestinian people.
Israel’s Defence Ministry says it has recorded a nearly 40 percent increase in PTSD cases amongst its soldiers since September 2023, and predicts the figure will increase by 180 percent by 2028. Of the 22,300 troops or personnel being treated for war wounds, 60 percent suffer from post-trauma, the ministry says.
It has expanded the health care provided to those dealing with mental health issues, expanded the budget, and said there was an increase of about 50 percent in the use of alternative treatments.
The country’s second-largest healthcare provider, Maccabi, said in its 2025 annual report that 39 percent of Israeli military personnel under its treatment had sought mental health support while 26 percent had voiced concerns about depression.
Several Israeli organisations like NGO HaGal Sheli, which uses surfing as a therapy technique, have taken on hundreds of soldiers and reservists suffering from PTSD. Some former soldiers have therapy dogs.
Moral injury over deaths of innocents
Ronen Sidi, a clinical psychologist who directs combat veteran research at Emek Medical Center in northern Israel, said soldiers were generally grappling with two different sources of trauma.
One source was related to “deep experiences of fear” and “being afraid to die” while deployed in Gaza and Lebanon, and even while at home in Israel.
Sidi said the second source is from moral injury, or the damage done to a person’s conscience or moral compass from something they did.
“A lot of (soldiers’) split-second decisions are good decisions,” which they take under fire, “but some of them are not, and then women and children are injured and killed by accident, and living with the feeling that you have killed innocent people… is a very difficult feeling and you can’t correct what you have done,” he said.
Untreated trauma
A soldier seeking state support for their mental health must appear before a defence ministry assessment committee, which determines the severity of their case and grants them official recognition. That process can take months and can deter soldiers from seeking help, some trauma professionals say.
Israel’s Defence Ministry says it provides some immediate help to soldiers once they start the evaluation process and has increased this effort since the war began.
An Israeli parliamentary committee found in October that 279 soldiers had attempted suicide in the period from January 2024 to July 2025, a sharp increase from previous years. The report found that combat soldiers comprised 78 percent of all suicide cases in Israel in 2024.
The risk of suicide or self-harm increases if trauma is untreated, said Sidi, the clinical psychologist.
“After October 7 and the war, the mental health institutions in Israel are overwhelmed completely, and a lot of people either can’t get therapy or don’t even understand the distress that they are feeling has to do with what they have experienced.”
For soldiers, the chance of seeing combat remains high. Israel’s military still occupies over half of the Gaza Strip, and fighting has persisted there despite a U.S.-backed ceasefire in October, with more than 460 Palestinians and three Israeli soldiers killed.
Its troops still occupy five hilltops in southern Lebanon, as the Lebanese army presses on with disarming Hezbollah under a separate U.S.-brokered deal. In Syria, Israeli troops have occupied an expanded section of the country’s southwest since the ouster of former leader Bashar al-Assad.
As tensions flare with Iran and the U.S. threatens to intervene, Israel could also find itself in another violent confrontation with Tehran, after last June’s 12-day war.