To Permanent Representatives of Member and Observer States of the United Nations (UN) Human Rights Council (Geneva, Switzerland)<\/p>\n
Your Excellencies,<\/p>\n
Following the Tanzanian authorities\u2019 brutal response to widespread pro\u00adtests that took place in the aftermath of the 29 October 2025 presidential and legislative elections, and in light of the ongoing crackdown on dissenting voices and of risks of further violence, we, the undersigned civil society or\u00ad\u00adga\u00adnisations, urge Member and Observer States of the UN Human Rights Council to enhance their engagement with the United Repu\u00adblic of Tanzania and take action to prevent further abuses. <\/p>\n
In line with the Council\u2019s prevention man\u00addate, as expressed in particular in Council resolution 45\/31, the Council should hold a debate following a public brie\u00adfing by the UN High Commissioner for Hu\u00adman Rights. If needed, stronger action could follow, including the convening of a special session of the Council to address the deteriorating human rights situation in Tanzania. <\/p>\n
On and in the aftermath of the 29 October 2025 elections, which, according to the Sou\u00adthern African De\u00adve\u00adlopment Community (SADC) Electoral Observation Mission (SEOM), took place in conditions that \u201cfell short of the requirements of the SADC Principles and Guidelines Governing Democratic Elections\u201d and in which \u201cvoters could not express their democratic will,\u201d[1]<\/a> and saw the incumbent President, Samia Suluhu Hassan, of the ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party, secure 97.66% of the votes,[2]<\/a> wide\u00adspread pro\u00adtests broke out across Tanzania. In its preliminary report, the African Union Election Observer Mission (AUEOM) noted that the Tanzania elections \u201cdid not comply with AU principles, normative frameworks, and other international obligations and standards for democratic elections.\u201d<\/p>\n Despite challenges in verifying the number of people affected, including because of a govern\u00adment-imposed lockdown, media restrictions, and internet and elec\u00adtricity shut\u00addowns, regional and international bodies have raised concerns about the large number of fatalities. Credible reports point to hundreds of people kill\u00aded by police and unidentified security personnel in the economic ca\u00ad\u00adpital, Dar es Salaam, and several Tanzanian regions from 29 October to 2 November 2025.[3]<\/a> The actual figures could be higher. Autho\u00adri\u00adties have deliberately prevented journalists from reporting on elections and protests.<\/p>\n In late October and early November 2025, Tanzanian police and security forces and individuals in plain clothes assaulted, tear-gassed, and arbitrarily arrested people, including children, leading to hundreds being charged with treason. They used excessive and lethal force, inc\u00adlu\u00adding live ammunition, to disperse protests and target people they regarded as violating \u201cstay-at-home\u201d orders. In some cases, victims appear to have been shot in the back or in the head despite posing no threat to public order or the security of others. Some victims were also shot and killed in their homes. There have been reports of enforced disappearances and of secu\u00adrity forces \u201cremoving bodies from streets and hospitals and taking them to undisclosed locations in an apparent attempt to conceal evidence.\u201d[4]<\/a> A CNN inves\u00adti\u00adgation suggested the existence of mass graves.[5]<\/a> While some protesters engaged in violence, and authorities have a responsibility to maintain secu\u00adrity, under no cir\u00adcum\u00adstances may State authorities subject protesters to excessive force or indiscriminately use fire\u00adarms against protesters.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n In addition to the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights and SADC, who have expressed deep con\u00adcerns over the loss of life and injuries in Tanzania, the African Commission on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights (ACHPR) underscored that acts attributable to the Tanzanian authorities, if confirmed, \u201cwould constitute very grave violations of the African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights [\u2026].\u201d It condemned the \u201cdete\u00adriorating human rights situation in Tanzania\u201d and called on the government to \u201cprioritise de-es\u00adcalating the [\u2026] situation [and] ensuring that security forces refrain from using disproportionate force [\u2026].\u201d[7]<\/a><\/p>\n Civil society organisations have also highlighted that the use of live ammunition against protesters is un\u00adacceptable and that Tanzanian authorities should end the use of excessive and lethal force against pro\u00adtests and ensure justice and accountability for the violations, including election-related killings.[8]<\/a> As of 18 No\u00advem\u00adber 2025, pre\u00adliminary findings following a fact-finding mission conducted by the Tanzania Human Rights Defenders Coalition (THRDC), the Tanganyika Law Society (TLS) and the Legal and Hu\u00adman Rights Centre (LHRC) showed that over 700 people had been taken to court from at least nine regions. The organisations docu\u00admen\u00adted serious procedural irregularities, including arbitrary arrests, individuals rounded up while con\u00adduc\u00adting normal income-earning activities, and the presence of children among those detained.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n These violations took place in the context of a broader crackdown on civic space and the rule of law, which intensified in the run-up to the October 2025 elections. The electoral campaign was marred by ar\u00adbitrary arrests, enforced disappearances and other violations against dis\u00adsenting voices and opposition mem\u00adbers and sup\u00adpor\u00adters. In April 2025, the authorities arrested Tundu Lissu, the leader of the main opposition party, CHADEMA, during a rally. He has been on trial on fabricated charges, including treason, which is non-bailable and carries the death penalty. Authorities bar\u00adred CHADEMA and presidential candidate Luhaga Mpina of Alliance for Change and Transparency (ACT-Wazalendo) from participating in the elections.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n In a joint communication by UN special procedures, in July 2025, several mandate-holders raised concerns over the escalating human rights crisis with the reported disappearance of over 200 people in Tanzania, including the violent abduction of activists and opposition leaders.[11]<\/a> The communication made reference to the growing transnational repression, which saw the abduction and reported sexual torture of a Kenyan activist, Boniface Mwangi, and a Ugandan journalist, Agather Atuhaire, as they were visiting the country to attend the treason trial of Tundu Lissu.<\/p>\n In a reso\u00adlution released in August 2025, the ACHPR expressed deep concerns about human rights vio\u00adla\u00adtions oc\u00adcurring in the election context, the violent repression of rallies and other public assemblies, and restrictions on access to information. It also condemned the deportation of the former Minister of Justice and former Chief Justice of Kenya, and the arbitrary detention and mistreatment of human rights activists.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n During the Human Rights Council\u2019s 59th and 60th regular sessions, DefendDefenders raised the alarm over the situation in Tan\u00adzania. It condemned enforced disappearances and attacks on civic space; the arrests, detentions and deportations of former officials and activists (and attacks on the latter) who had travelled to Tanzania to attend a court case; as well as abuses against Tanzanians who attempted to attend court hear\u00adings in Tundu Lissu\u2019s case. The organisation warned: \u201cWith elections approaching, risk factors of vio\u00adlations are multiplying. [\u2026] Tanzania is too big to fail, and East Africa cannot afford another major human rights crisis.\u201d[13]<\/a><\/p>\n In a briefing published in October 2025, Amnesty International highlighted how Tanzania\u2019s legal system lacked safeguards to protect political actors and other people from state abuse. In the run up to the elections, Amnesty International noted, authorities in Tanzania had passed laws and regulations that, while framed as administrative or protective reforms, collectively served to constrain political opposition, suppress pea\u00adce\u00adful dissent, and expand restrictions on human rights, including the rights to freedom of expression, asso\u00adciation and peaceful assembly.[14]<\/a><\/p>\n Analysts and observers also raised concerns over the environment in which the 2025 elections were about to take place, pointing to flaws in the 2024 electoral reform against a backdrop of unaddressed grievances related to the absence of a level playing field \u2013 which led the main oppo\u00adsition party, CHADEMA, to refuse to recognise results of elections that took place since 2005.[15]<\/a> In the November 2024 local elections, the ruling CCM party won 98% of the seats.<\/p>\n In fact, after an initial period of opening that followed President Hassan\u2019s assumption of office, in 2021, during which she issued public signals in favour of freedom of expression, freedom of the media, and civil society, con\u00adcerns had been mounting over the repression of independent and opposition voices and es\u00adca\u00adlating authoritarian practices. In addition to grave restrictions on civic space, intimidation of dissenting voi\u00adces and patterns of assault and enforced disappearances targeting opposition members and supporters and journalists, civil society organisations denounced the forced evictions of Maasai Indigenous com\u00admu\u00adnities from their ancestral lands in Ngorongoro district.[16]<\/a><\/p>\n These con\u00adcerns echoed those previously expressed by civil society, under President John Pombe Magu\u00adfuli\u2019s first term (2015-2020), with regard to restrictions on civic space and the rule of law, including the adoption of draconian legislation that unduly restricted the exercise of human rights and the use of legal and extrajudicial methods to harass human rights defenders, activists, journalists and other independent actors.[17]<\/a><\/p>\n In February 2019, during a \u201cconversation\u201d with the Human Rights Council President and States, former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet asked Council Members to \u201cengage Tan\u00adza\u00adnia bilaterally on its rights situation\u201d and urged the country to \u201caccept visits of the Special Rapporteurs to advise on measures to protect public freedoms and other human rights concerns.\u201d She mentioned legis\u00adlative curbs on freedom of opinion and expression, attacks on several prominent civil society members and opposition figures, and an overall \u201cclimate [that] denies Tanzanians their rights.\u201d[18]<\/a> None of these visits took place.<\/p>\n The current human rights crisis is of unprecedented magnitude. Beyond Tanzania, a country of 67 million people whose reputation as a beacon of sta\u00adbility is now at risk, the stability of the whole region, including East Africa and the Great Lakes, is at stake.<\/p>\n Major protests are planned for 9 December (Independence Day for mainland Tanga\u00adnyika), with risks of further violence and as treason charges have been brought against hundreds of Tanza\u00adnians,[19]<\/a> including children, for their participation in peaceful protests. We remain concerned that the authorities\u2019 response to further demonstrations be in accordance with Tanzania\u2019s international legal obligations. With many civil society members and oppo\u00adsition supporters having fled the country out of fear for their physical integrity, authorities are now pro\u00adpa\u00adga\u00adting an aggres\u00adsive and stigmatising rhetoric according to which protesters and non-governmental orga\u00adni\u00adsations (NGOs) were allegedly \u201cpaid\u201d to hold protests.<\/p>\n The Human Rights Council should act urgently to prevent a further deterioration of Tan\u00adzania\u2019s human rights situ\u00adation and ensure justice and accountability for these serious human rights violations. The UN High Commissioner for Hu\u00adman Rights issued an important call for prompt, impartial, effective, full and transparent investigations into the killings and other violations committed in the context of the 29 October elections, and for those suspected to be responsible to be held to account.<\/p>\n Serious concerns exist, however, about the national commission of inquiry announced on 18 November 2025 by President Hassan. The commission\u2019s mandate or terms of reference remain unclear, as the wording of the presidential statement that launched it suggests that the scope of its mandate is to \u201cinvestigate events that led to \u2018breaches of peace\u2019 during and after the general elections held on 29 October 2025.\u201d The com\u00admission does not seem to have a mandate to address the root causes of the human rights crisis or to include representation of civil society, international observers, religious leaders, or survivors and victims\u2019 families. Rather, the commission includes former state officials and retired civil servants, including a former Ins\u00adpec\u00adtor General of Police and the Minister of Defence who was in office at the time of the violence. The com\u00admission has been rejected by opposition political parties[20]<\/a> and civil society organisations and does not enjoy consensus. Moreover, on 20 November 2025, President Hassan delivered remarks interfering with the commission\u2019s independence, asking it to investigate how protesters and NGOs had been \u201cpaid\u201d to hold protests.<\/p>\n Against this backdrop, in line with the Council\u2019s prevention mandate and with provisions of Council resolution 45\/31, in particular its operative paragraphs 6 and 7, we urge States to hold a debate fol\u00adlowing a public briefing to the Human Rights Council by the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. <\/p>\n In this briefing,[21]<\/a> the High Commissioner should bring information on patterns of human rights vio\u00adlations committed in the United Republic of Tanzania in relation to the 2025 presidential and legislative elections to the attention of the Mem\u00adbers and Observers of the Human Rights Council and highlight any risk of further serious human rights violations. <\/p>\n Should the situation further deteriorate, States should consider convening a special session of the Hu\u00adman Rights Council to address the grave human rights violations committed in the context of the Tanza\u00adnian authorities\u2019 crackdown on 2025 post-election protests and the rule of law. Action taken at such a special ses\u00adsion, including in the form of a resolution, should focus on the need for prompt, thorough, independent, impartial, transparent and effective inves\u00adtigations into the allegations of human rights violations, and for justice and accountability. <\/p>\n We thank you for your attention to these pressing human rights issues and stand ready to provide your delegation with further information as required.<\/p>\n Sincerely,<\/p>\n AfricanDefenders (Pan-African Human Rights Defenders Network) [1]<\/a> \u201cPreliminary Statement by the Right Honourable Richard Msowoya, Former Speaker of Parliament of the Republic of Malawi and Head of the SADC Electoral Observation Mission (SEOM) to the 2025 General Election of the United Republic of Tanzania,\u201d 3 Nov\u00adem\u00adber 2025 (see Conclusion).<\/p>\n [2]<\/a> Tanzania\u2019s main opposition party, Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (CHADEMA), whose leader, Tundu Lissu, was charged with \u201ctreason\u201d in April 2025 after his arrest at a public rally where he called for electoral reforms and has been detained since, urged its supporters not to participate in the 2025 elections.<\/p>\n [3]<\/a> See Human Rights Watch, \u201cTanzania: Killings, Crackdown Follow Disputed Elections,\u201d 4 November 2025, https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2025\/11\/04\/tanzania-killings-crackdown-follow-disputed-elections<\/a>; UN News, \u201cTanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence,\u201d 11 November 2025, https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2025\/11\/1166334<\/a> (accessed on 27 November 2025).<\/p>\n [4]<\/a> Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), \u201cTanzania: Deaths and injuries amid election-related protests,\u201d 31 October 2025, https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/press-briefing-notes\/2025\/10\/tanzania-deaths-and-injuries-amid-election-related-protests<\/a>; \u201cTanzania: Election-related killings and other violations must be investigated \u2013 T\u00fcrk,\u201d 11 November 2025, https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/press-releases\/2025\/11\/tanzania-election-related-killings-and-other-violations-must-be-investigated<\/a> (accessed on 19 November 2025).<\/p>\n [5]<\/a> CNN, \u201c\u2018Oh my God, this is our Tanzania\u2019: CNN investigation shows police fatally shooting protesters, signs of mass graves,\u201d 21 November 2025, https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2025\/11\/21\/africa\/tanzania-police-shooting-protesters-deadly-election-intl-invs<\/a> (accessed on 21 November 2025).<\/p>\n [6]<\/a> While protesters who resort to violence forfeit their rights in relation to peaceful assembly, they do not lose other human rights, such as the right to life or to be free from torture. State authorities must at all times distinguish between protesters based on their in\u00addividual behaviour, protect peaceful protesters, and avoid collective punishment. Peaceful protesters must not be punished for the behaviour of others. Lethal force must only be used when it is strictly necessary to protect life or prevent serious injury from an im\u00adminent threat. It must not be used indiscriminately. Firearms must never be used simply to disperse an assembly, and they must never be used indiscriminately or in automatic mode (see DefendDefenders, \u201c\u2018They won\u2019t silence the people\u2019: The right to peaceful pro\u00adtest in Africa in 2025,\u201d 4 November 2025, https:\/\/defenddefenders.org\/they-wont-silence-the-people-the-right-to-peaceful-protest-in-africa-in-2025-with-substantive-case-studies-on-mozambique-senegal-tunisia-and-uganda\/<\/a> (accessed on 20 November 2025)).<\/p>\n [7]<\/a> ACHPR, \u201cPress release on the human rights situation in the United Republic of Tanzania,\u201d 1 November 2025, https:\/\/achpr.au.int\/en\/news\/press-releases\/2025-11-01\/human-rights-situation-tanzania<\/a> (accessed on 20 November 2025).<\/p>\n [8]<\/a> See Human Rights Watch, \u201cTanzania: Killings, Crackdown Follow Disputed Elections,\u201d op. cit.; Amnesty International, \u201cTanzania: Authorities must investigate police use of force against election day protesters,\u201d 29 October 2025, https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2025\/10\/tanzania-authorities-must-investigate-police-use-of-force-against-election-day-protesters\/<\/a>; \u201cTanzania: Unlawful killings and other human rights violations continue amid internet and electricity blackouts,\u201d 3 November 2025, https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2025\/11\/tanzania-unlawful-killings-and-other-human-rights-violations-continue-amid-internet-and-electricity-blackouts\/<\/a> (accessed on 19 November 2025).<\/p>\n [9]<\/a> Via Jambo TV, X post (18 Nov. 2025), https:\/\/x.com\/Jambotv_\/status\/1990876046720381009<\/a> (accessed on 20 November 2025).<\/p>\n Dr. Juma Homera, Tanzania\u2019s Minister for Constitution and Legal Affairs, disclosed that a total of 2,045 people were rounded up du\u00adring and following demonstrations across various parts of the country. Speaking on 26 November 2025, during a visit to the Di\u00adrec\u00adtor of Public Prosecutions (DPP) Office in Dodoma, Dr. Homera said that of the total number of detainees, 1,736 individuals were set<\/a> to be released following a presidential directive. President Hassan instructed the DPP to review cases of those who com\u00adplied with legal procedures and recommend their release during a speech to Parliament.<\/p>\n [10]<\/a> In the lead-up to the elections, Tundu Lissu\u2019s deputy, John Heche, was violently manhandled while at\u00adtempt\u00ading to attend the on\u00adgoing treason trial. He had previously been banned from traveling into Kenya to attend a funeral. On 7 November 2025, the Tanza\u00adnian police published an arrest warrant for ten leaders of CHADEMA and started rounding them up in Dar es Salaam, Arusha, and other cities. Since then, several of the party leaders have fled into neighbouring Kenya and other countries to avoid reprisals (see The Chanzo, \u201cCHADEMA\u2019s John Heche Arrested in Dar, Moved to Tarime to Face Undisclosed Charges,\u201d 22 October 2025, https:\/\/thechanzo.com\/2025\/10\/22\/chademas-john-heche-arrested-in-dar-moved-to-tarime-to-face-undisclosed-charges\/<\/a>; DW Africa, \u201cTanzanian police have issued arrest warrants for ten opposition leaders [\u2026],\u201d 8 November 2025, https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/@dw.africa\/video\/7570368148512460044<\/a> (accessed on 2 December 2025).<\/p>\n [11]<\/a> Communication no.\u00a0AL TZA 4\/2025, 14 July 2025, available at: https:\/\/spcommreports.ohchr.org\/TMResultsBase\/DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=30158<\/a>\u00a0 Also see \u201cTanzania: UN Experts alarmed by pattern of enforced disappearance and torture to silence opposition and critics,\u201d 13 June 2025, https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/press-releases\/2025\/06\/tanzania-un-experts-alarmed-pattern-enforced-disappearance-and-torture<\/a> (accessed on 2 December 2025).<\/p>\n [12]<\/a> ACHPR, \u201cResolution on the Human Rights Situation in the United Republic of Tanzania; ACHPR\/Res.640 (LXXXIV) 2025,\u201d 6 August 2025, https:\/\/achpr.au.int\/en\/adopted-resolutions\/640-achprres640-lxxxiv-2025<\/a> (accessed on 19 November 2025). The European Parliament also adopted a resolution on the escalating crackdown on independent actors and the political opposition (\u201cArrest and risk of execution of Tundu Lissu, Chair of Chadema, the main opposition party in Tanzania \u2013 European Parliament reso\u00adlution of 8 May 2025 on the arrest and risk of execution of Tundu Lissu, Chair of Chadema, the main opposition party in Tan\u00adza\u00adnia (2025\/2690(RSP)).<\/p>\n See also Human Rights Watch, \u201cTanzania: Deepening Repression Threatens Elections,\u201d 29 September 2025, https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2025\/09\/29\/tanzania-deepening-repression-threatens-elections<\/a>; Amnesty International, \u201cTanzania: Authorities instil climate of fear and step up repression ahead of general elections,\u201d 20 October 2025, https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2025\/10\/tanzania-authorities-instil-climate-of-fear-and-step-up-repression-ahead-of-general-elections\/<\/a> (accessed on 20 November 2025).<\/p>\n [13]<\/a> DefendDefenders, \u201cDefendDefenders\u2019 oral statements at HRC59,\u201d https:\/\/defenddefenders.org\/oral-statements-hrc59\/<\/a> (\u201cItem 2: Interactive dialogue on the High Commissioner\u2019s annual report (17 June 2025)\u201d); \u201cDefendDefenders\u2019 oral statements at HRC60,\u201d https:\/\/defenddefenders.org\/oral-statements-hrc60\/<\/a> (\u201cItem 2: General debate (10 September 2025)\u201d) (accessed on 20 November 2025).<\/p>\n [14]<\/a> Amnesty International, \u201cTanzania: Unopposed, unchecked, unjust \u2018Wave of Terror\u2019 sweeps Tanzania ahead of 2025 vote,\u201d 20 October 2025, https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/documents\/afr56\/0376\/2025\/en\/<\/a> (accessed on 27 November 2025).<\/p>\n [15]<\/a> For background, see LHRC, \u201cLHRC Urges Government Action on Electoral Reform,\u201d 4 April 2024, https:\/\/humanrights.or.tz\/en\/news-events\/electoral_reforms<\/a> (accessed on 20 November 2025).<\/p>\n [16]<\/a> \u201c\u2018It\u2019s Like Killing Culture\u2019: Human Rights Impacts of Relocating Tanzania\u2019s Maasai,\u201d 31 July 2024, https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2024\/07\/31\/its-killing-culture\/human-rights-impacts-relocating-tanzanias-maasai<\/a> (accessed on 21 November 2025).<\/p>\n [17]<\/a> See DefendDefenders, \u201cSpreading Fear, Asserting Control: Tanzania\u2019s assault on civic space,\u201d\u00a026 June 2018, https:\/\/defenddefenders.org\/spreading-fear-asserting-control-tanzanias-assault-on-civic-space\/<\/a>; DefendDefenders et al., \u201cHRC39: Address crackdown on civic space in Tanzania,\u201d 16 August 2018, https:\/\/defenddefenders.org\/hrc39-address-crackdown-on-civic-space-in-tanzania\/<\/a>; Joint NGO letter, \u201cTanzania: Systematic restrictions on fundamental freedoms in the run-up to national elections,\u201d 22 October 2020, https:\/\/defenddefenders.org\/tanzania-systematic-restrictions-on-fundamental-freedoms-in-the-run-up-to-national-elections\/<\/a> (accessed on 20 November 2025).<\/p>\n [18]<\/a> See DefendDefenders et al., \u201cTanzania: 38 NGOs call on states to express concern over the human rights situation,\u201d 13 May 2019, https:\/\/defenddefenders.org\/tanzania-38-ngos-call-on-states-to-express-concern-over-the-human-rights-situation\/<\/a> (accessed on 20 November 2025).<\/p>\n [19]<\/a> ABC, \u201cTanzania charges hundreds with treason, issues arrest warrants for opposition figures,\u201d 8 November 2025, https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/tanzania-charges-hundreds-treason-issues-arrest-warrants-opposition-127327758<\/a> (accessed on 20 November 2025).<\/p>\n
\nAmnesty International
\nARTICLE 19
\nBurkinab\u00e8 Human Rights Defenders Coalition (CBDDH)
\nCenter for Strategic Litigation
\nCIVICUS
\nCoalition of Human Rights Defenders-Benin (CDDH-B\u00e9nin)
\nCommittee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)
\nCommonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI)
\nConsortium of Ethiopian Human Rights Organizations (CEHRO)
\nCSW (Christian Solidarity Worldwide)
\nDefendDefenders (East and Horn of Africa Human Rights Defenders Project)
\nFederation of African Journalists (FAJ)
\nGeneva for Human Rights \u2013 Global Training & Policy Studies (gva4HR)
\nGlobal Centre for the Responsibility to Protect (GCR2P)
\nHuman Rights Watch
\nInternational Bar Association\u2019s Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI)
\nInternational Commission of Jurists (ICJ)
\nInternational Federation for Human Rights (FIDH), within the framework of the Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders
\nInternational Press Institute (IPI)
\nInternational Service for Human Rights (ISHR)
\nIvorian Human Rights Defenders Coalition (CIDDH)
\nLegal and Human Rights Centre (LHRC)
\nNational Coalition of Human Rights Defenders in Kenya (Defenders Coalition \u2013 Kenya)
\nNetwork of Human Rights Defenders in Central Africa (REDHAC)
\nNetwork of the Independent Commission for Human Rights in North Africa (CIDH AFRICA)
\nNigerien Human Rights Defenders Network (RNDDH)
\nProtection International Africa
\nUnrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO)
\nWorld Organisation Against Torture (OMCT), within the framework of the Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders <\/p>\n