Malgr\u00e9 la progression de l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 Internet sur le continent, les conditions d\u2019utilisation restent tr\u00e8s variables d\u2019un pays \u00e0 l\u2019autre. Entre environnements ouverts et restrictions marqu\u00e9es, la libert\u00e9 num\u00e9rique continue de refl\u00e9ter les dynamiques politiques et socio\u00e9conomiques propres \u00e0 chaque \u00c9tat africain.<\/p>\n
L\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 Internet progresse sur le continent africain, mais la libert\u00e9 en ligne reste tr\u00e8s in\u00e9gale selon les pays. Un rapport publi\u00e9 mi-mars par la plateforme sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e Cloudwards montre que certains \u00c9tats offrent une navigation relativement ouverte, tandis que d\u2019autres imposent de s\u00e9v\u00e8res restrictions, limitant l\u2019expression et l\u2019innovation num\u00e9riques.<\/p>\n
Intitul\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0Mapped: Internet Freedom by Country in 2026\u00a0\u00bb, le document \u00e9value la libert\u00e9 sur Internet sur une \u00e9chelle de 0 \u00e0 100, en fonction de l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux contenus politiques et civiques, de l\u2019usage des r\u00e9seaux sociaux ou encore des VPN. L\u2019indice prend \u00e9galement en compte les pratiques de censure, les blocages de plateformes ainsi que les sanctions potentielles encourues par les internautes, permettant d\u2019appr\u00e9cier \u00e0 la fois l\u2019acc\u00e8s technique et le niveau r\u00e9el de libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression en ligne.<\/p>\n
Des niveaux de libert\u00e9 num\u00e9rique tr\u00e8s contrast\u00e9s, selon les pays<\/p>\n
\u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle africaine, plusieurs pays affichent des niveaux relativement \u00e9lev\u00e9s de libert\u00e9 en ligne. Le Cap-Vert (84 points) figure en t\u00eate du classement continental, aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire et des Seychelles, \u00e9galement cr\u00e9dit\u00e9es du m\u00eame score. Ils sont suivis par un groupe de pays, dont le B\u00e9nin, le Niger, mais aussi la Gambie et le Liberia (76 points), qui b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u2019un environnement num\u00e9rique globalement ouvert. Le Ghana (72 points) compl\u00e8te ce groupe de t\u00eate.<\/p>\n
Un deuxi\u00e8me ensemble de pays, dont l\u2019Angola, le Mozambique, la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC), le Mali ou encore Maurice (68 points), pr\u00e9sentent des niveaux interm\u00e9diaires de libert\u00e9, bien que marqu\u00e9s par certaines limites.<\/p>\n
\u00c0 l\u2019inverse, d\u2019autres pays continuent d\u2019imposer des restrictions importantes. Le Soudan et l\u2019\u00c9gypte (ex \u00e6quo avec12 points) figurent parmi les \u00c9tats les plus contraignants du continent, illustrant des limitations s\u00e9v\u00e8res sur les contenus en ligne et l\u2019expression num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n
Entre ces deux extr\u00eames, la majorit\u00e9 des pays africains se situent dans une zone interm\u00e9diaire. C\u2019est le cas du Maroc ou de l\u2019Afrique du Sud, mais aussi du Cameroun, de la Tunisie ou du Rwanda (56 points).<\/p>\n
Des restrictions co\u00fbteuses <\/p>\n
Au-del\u00e0 des enjeux de gouvernance, les restrictions num\u00e9riques ont \u00e9galement un impact \u00e9conomique significatif. Selon le rapport The Cost of Internet Shutdowns in 2025 publi\u00e9 par Top10VPN, les coupures d\u2019Internet ont co\u00fbt\u00e9 environ 1,11 milliard de dollars \u00e0 l\u2019Afrique subsaharienne en 2025.<\/p>\n
Ces chiffres traduisent une l\u00e9g\u00e8re baisse par rapport \u00e0 2024, o\u00f9 les pertes \u00e9taient \u00e9valu\u00e9es \u00e0 1,56 milliard de dollars. Malgr\u00e9 cette diminution, l\u2019impact reste significatif, dans un contexte marqu\u00e9 par des interruptions fr\u00e9quentes.<\/p>\n
En 2025, plus de 24 000 heures de coupures ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recens\u00e9es, touchant environ 116 millions d\u2019utilisateurs dans la r\u00e9gion. Ces interruptions surviennent le plus souvent dans des contextes de tensions politiques, d\u2019\u00e9lections ou de crises s\u00e9curitaires, avec des cons\u00e9quences directes sur les \u00e9conomies num\u00e9riques et l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services essentiels.<\/p>\n
Sur le plan mondial, les pertes li\u00e9es \u00e0 ces coupures sont estim\u00e9es \u00e0 19,7 milliards de dollars.<\/p>\n
Samira Njoya<\/p>\n
Les Pays africains, selon leur score de libert\u00e9 Internet (2026)<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Pays<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Score<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Cap-Vert<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
84<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
84<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Seychelles<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
84<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
B\u00e9nin<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
76<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Gambie<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
76<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Liberia<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
76<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Madagascar<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
76<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Namibie<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
76<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Niger<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
76<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Ghana<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
72<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Angola<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
68<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
RD Congo<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
68<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Gabon<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
68<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Malawi<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
68<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Mali<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
68<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Maurice<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
68<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Mozambique<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
68<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Congo<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
68<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
S\u00e9n\u00e9gal<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
68<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Botswana<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
64<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
R\u00e9publique centrafricaine<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
64<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Guin\u00e9e-Bissau<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
64<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Lesotho<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
64<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Maroc<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
64<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Nigeria<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
64<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Afrique du Sud<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
64<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Mauritanie<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
60<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Burundi<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
56<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Cameroun<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
56<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Tchad<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
56<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Eswatini<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
56<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Guin\u00e9e<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
56<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Rwanda<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
56<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Tunisie<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
56<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Kenya<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
52<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Zambie<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
52<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Alg\u00e9rie<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
48<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Burkina Faso<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
48<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Djibouti<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
48<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Togo<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
48<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Zimbabwe<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
48<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Somalie<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
44<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Guin\u00e9e \u00e9quatoriale<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
36<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Ethiopie<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
36<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Libye<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
28<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Tanzanie<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
28<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Ouganda<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
24<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Egypte<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
12<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Soudan<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
12<\/p>\n
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\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Malgr\u00e9 la progression de l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 Internet sur le continent, les conditions d\u2019utilisation restent tr\u00e8s variables d\u2019un pays…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":64899,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[6,90,1346,223,8644,545,506,24463,99],"class_list":{"0":"post-64898","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-afrique","8":"tag-afrique","9":"tag-des","10":"tag-internet","11":"tag-les","12":"tag-liberte","13":"tag-par","14":"tag-pays","15":"tag-points","16":"tag-sur"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@afrique\/116340444594657497","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/afrique\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64898","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/afrique\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/afrique\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/afrique\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/afrique\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64898"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/afrique\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64898\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/afrique\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64899"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/afrique\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64898"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/afrique\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64898"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/afrique\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64898"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}