{"id":53784,"date":"2026-07-19T19:28:43","date_gmt":"2026-07-19T19:28:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/australia\/53784\/"},"modified":"2026-07-19T19:28:43","modified_gmt":"2026-07-19T19:28:43","slug":"conceptual-framework-and-expert-guidance-on-intrapancreatic-fat-deposition-the-melbourne-consensus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/australia\/53784\/","title":{"rendered":"Conceptual framework and expert guidance on intrapancreatic fat deposition: the Melbourne consensus"},"content":{"rendered":"

Habershon, S. O. Acute poisoning by phosphorus; jaundice; death on the fifth day. Fatty degeneration of the liver, kidneys, gastric follicles, pancreas, heart, &c. Med. Chir. Trans. 50, 87\u201398 (1867).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Petrov, M. S. & Taylor, R. Intra-pancreatic fat deposition: bringing hidden fat to the fore. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 19, 153\u2013168 (2022).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Souza, M. et al. Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of fatty pancreas disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 37, 137\u2013146 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Yamazaki, H. & Petrov, M. S. Systematic mapping of worldwide research on intra-pancreatic fat deposition. Expert Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 19, 697\u2013700 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Gatidis, S. et al. Better together: data harmonization and cross-study analysis of abdominal MRI data from UK Biobank and the German National Cohort. Invest. Radiol. 58, 346\u2013354 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Gattrell, W. T. et al. ACCORD (ACcurate COnsensus Reporting Document): a reporting guideline for consensus methods in biomedicine developed via a modified Delphi. PLoS Med. 21, e1004326 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Rubino, F. et al. Joint international consensus statement for ending stigma of obesity. Nat. Med. 26, 485\u2013497 (2020).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. OECBM levels of evidence. https:\/\/www.cebm.ox.ac.uk\/resources\/levels-of-evidence<\/a>\u00a0(2011).<\/p>\n

Yasgur B. S. A common pancreatic condition that few have heard of. Medscape https:\/\/www.medscape.com\/viewarticle\/common-pancreatic-condition-few-have-heard-2025a10005wa?form=fpf<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n

Ko, J. & Petrov, M. S. Intra-pancreatic fat deposition and pancreatitis: insights from the COSMOS program. Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes. 18, 1489\u20131500 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Scully, J. L. What is a disease? EMBO Rep. 5, 650\u2013653 (2004).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Zhan, H. X., Zhang, T. P., Liu, B. N., Liao, Q. & Zhao, Y. P. A systematic review of pancreatic lipoma: how come there are so few cases? Pancreas 39, 257\u2013260 (2010).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Askan, G. & Basturk, O. Mesenchymal tumors involving the pancreas: a clinicopathologic analysis and review of the literature. Turk. Patoloji Derg. 38, 46\u201353 (2022).<\/p>\n

PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Fukukura, Y. et al. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging features of lipid-rich neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. World J. Gastroenterol. 21, 10008\u201310017 (2015).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Klimov, S. et al. Predicting metastasis risk in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors using deep learning image analysis. Front. Oncol. 10, 593211 (2021).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Fujita, Y. et al. Hyperplasia of fat-containing cells with mature adipocyte marker is associated with pancreatic fat enlargement. Pancreas 54, e221\u2013e226 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Noronha, M., Salgadinho, A., Ferreira De Almeida, M. J., Dreiling, D. A. & Bordalo, O. Alcohol and the pancreas. I. Clinical associations and histopathology of minimal pancreatic inflammation. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 76, 114\u2013119 (1981).<\/p>\n

CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Horii, T. et al. Lipid droplet accumulation in \u03b2 cells in patients with type 2 diabetes is associated with insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and \u03b2 cell dysfunction involving decreased insulin granules. Front. Endocrinol. 13, 996716 (2022).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Zhang, N. et al. Intrapancreatic adipocytes and beta cell dedifferentiation in human type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 68, 1242\u20131260 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Tong, X. et al. Lipid droplet accumulation in human pancreatic islets is dependent on both donor age and health. Diabetes 69, 342\u2013354 (2020).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Bonal, C. et al. Pancreatic inactivation of c-Myc decreases acinar mass and transdifferentiates acinar cells into adipocytes in mice. Gastroenterology 136, 309\u2013319 (2009).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Martinelli, P. et al. Gata6 is required for complete acinar differentiation and maintenance of the exocrine pancreas in adult mice. Gut 62, 1481\u20131488 (2013).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Augereau, C. et al. Chronic pancreatitis and lipomatosis are associated with defective function of ciliary genes in pancreatic ductal cells. Hum. Mol. Genet. 25, 5017\u20135026 (2016).<\/p>\n

CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Lough, A. K. & Garton, G. A. The lipids of human pancreas with special reference to the presence of fatty acid methyl esters. Lipids 3, 321\u2013323 (1968).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Durand, S., Estival, A., Vieu, C., Clemente, F. & Douste-Blazy, L. Lipid content of human and rat pancreas. Pancreas 2, 326\u2013332 (1987).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Sattar, N., Forrest, E. & Preiss, D. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMJ 349, g4596 (2014).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Kleiner, D. E. et al. Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 41, 1313\u20131321 (2005).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Stuart, C. E. et al. Relationship of pancreas volume to tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption following pancreatitis. Pancreatology 20, 60\u201367 (2020).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Korc, M., Jeon, C. Y., Edderkaoui, M., Pandol, S. J. & Petrov, M. S. Tobacco and alcohol as risk factors for pancreatic cancer. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 31, 529\u2013536 (2017).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Oquendo, M. B. et al. Pancreatic fat cells of humans with type 2 diabetes display reduced adipogenic and lipolytic activity. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.320, C1000\u2013C1012 (2021).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Cai, W. et al. Extracellular volume-based scoring system for tracking tumor progression in pancreatic cancer patients receiving intraoperative radiotherapy. Insights Imaging 15, 116 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Mirilas, P. & Skandalakis, J. E. Surgical anatomy of the retroperitoneal spaces part II: the architecture of the retroperitoneal space. Am. Surg. 76, 33\u201342 (2010).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Sackett, S. D. et al. Extracellular matrix scaffold and hydrogel derived from decellularized and delipidized human pancreas. Sci. Rep. 8, 10452 (2018).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Schmitz-Moormann, P., Pittner, P. & Heinze, W. Lipomatosis of the pancreas: a morphometrical investigation. Pathol. Res. Pract. 173, 45\u201353 (1981).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Olsen, T. S. Lipomatosis of the pancreas in autopsy material and its relation to age and overweight. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. A 86, 367\u2013373 (1978).<\/p>\n


\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Tremmel, D. M. et al. Hypertension, but not body mass index, is predictive of increased pancreatic lipid content and islet dysfunction. Am. J. Transpl. 20, 1105\u20131115 (2020).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Cadenas-Sanchez, C. et al. Effects of a family-based lifestyle intervention plus supervised exercise training on abdominal fat depots in children with overweight or obesity: a secondary analysis of a nonrandomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw. Open 5, e2243864 (2022).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Saisho, Y. et al. Pancreas volumes in humans from birth to age one hundred taking into account sex, obesity, and presence of type-2 diabetes. Clin. Anat. 20, 933\u2013942 (2007).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Gyllenhammer, L. E., Alderete, T. L., Toledo-Corral, C. M., Weigensberg, M. & Goran, M. I. Saturation of subcutaneous adipose tissue expansion and accumulation of ectopic fat associated with metabolic dysfunction during late and post-pubertal growth. Int. J. Obes. 40, 601\u2013606 (2016).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Raeder, H. et al. Pancreatic lipomatosis is a structural marker in nondiabetic children with mutations in carboxyl-ester lipase. Diabetes 56, 444\u2013449 (2007).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Berrocal, T. et al. Shwachman-Diamond syndrome: clinical, radiological and sonographic aspects. Pediatr. Radiol. 25, 289\u2013292 (1995).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Wicklow, B. A. et al. Pancreatic lipid content is not associated with beta cell dysfunction in youth-onset type 2 diabetes. Can. J. Diabetes 39, 398\u2013404 (2015).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Stuart, C. E. et al. Implications of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption on ectopic fat deposition in individuals after pancreatitis. Pancreas 49, 924\u2013934 (2020).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Frid\u00e9n, M., Kullberg, J., Ahlstr\u00f6m, H., Lind, L. & Rosqvist, F. Intake of ultra-processed food and ectopic-, visceral- and other fat depots: a cross-sectional study. Front. Nutr. 9, 774718 (2022).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Mitsushio, K. et al. Relationships between intra-pancreatic fat deposition and lifestyle factors: a cross-sectional study. Front. Endocrinol. 14, 1219579 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Laposata, E. A. & Lange, L. G. Presence of nonoxidative ethanol metabolism in human organs commonly damaged by ethanol abuse. Science 231, 497\u2013499 (1986).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Machann, J. et al. Short-term variability of proton density fat fraction in pancreas and liver assessed by multiecho chemical-shift encoding-based MRI at 3 T. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 56, 1018\u20131026 (2022).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Wong, V. W. et al. Fatty pancreas, insulin resistance, and \u03b2-cell function: a population study using fat-water magnetic resonance imaging. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 109, 589\u2013597 (2014).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Heber, S. D. et al. Pancreatic fat content by magnetic resonance imaging in subjects with prediabetes, diabetes, and controls from a general population without cardiovascular disease. PLoS ONE 12, e0177154 (2017).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Dong, X. et al. Associations of intrapancreatic fat deposition with incident diseases of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas: a UK Biobank prospective cohort study. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 119, 1158\u20131166 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Martin, S. et al. Estimating the effect of liver and pancreas volume and fat content on risk of diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study. Diabetes Care 45, 460\u2013468 (2022).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Grune, E. et al. Subphenotypes of body composition and their association with cardiometabolic risk\u2013magnetic resonance imaging in a population-based sample. Metabolism 164, 156130 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Jesuthasan, A. et al. Sex differences in intraorgan fat levels and hepatic lipid metabolism: implications for cardiovascular health and remission of type 2 diabetes after dietary weight loss. Diabetologia 65, 226\u2013233 (2022).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Skudder-Hill, L. et al. Fat distribution within the pancreas according to diabetes status and insulin traits. Diabetes 71, 1182\u20131192 (2022).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Uchida, T., Takada, T., Ammori, B. J., Suda, K. & Takahashi, T. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the ventral and dorsal pancreas: a new insight into anatomy and embryonic development. J. Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Surg. 6, 176\u2013180 (1999).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Singh, R. G. et al. Ectopic fat accumulation in the pancreas and its clinical relevance: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Metabolism 69, 1\u201313 (2017).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Wang, Y., Liu, Y. & Petrov, M. S. The effects of metabolic bariatric surgery on intra-pancreatic fat deposition and total pancreas volume: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes. Surg. 35, 1513\u20131524 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Wagner, R. et al. Pancreatic steatosis associates with impaired insulin secretion in genetically predisposed individuals. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 105, 3518\u20133525 (2020).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Kim, S. Y. et al. Quantitative assessment of pancreatic fat by using unenhanced CT: pathologic correlation and clinical implications. Radiology 271, 104\u2013112 (2014).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Ko, J. et al. Metabolic traits affecting the relationship between liver fat and intrapancreatic fat: a mediation analysis. Diabetologia 66, 190\u2013200 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Shamaitijiang, X. et al. Relationship of liver blood tests and T1 relaxation time with intra-pancreatic fat deposition. J. Clin. Exp. Hepatol. 14, 101343 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Skudder-Hill, L., Sequeira-Bisson, I. R., Ko, J., Poppitt, S. & Petrov, M. S. Relationship of fat deposition in the liver and pancreas with cholecystectomy. Obes. Facts 18, 468\u2013480 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Singh, R. G. et al. Circulating levels of lipocalin-2 are associated with fatty pancreas but not fatty liver. Peptides 119, 170117 (2019).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Diamond, C. et al. Quantitative imaging reveals steatosis and fibroinflammation in multiple organs in people with type 2 diabetes: a real-world study. Diabetes 73, 1285\u20131299 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Koyuncu Sokmen, B., Sahin, T., Oral, A., Kocak, E. & Inan, N. The comparison of pancreatic and hepatic steatosis in healthy liver donor candidates. Sci. Rep. 11, 4507 (2021).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Karaevren, T. T. et al. Fatty pancreas disease in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients: a case\u2013control study on relationships with glycemic control and exocrine function. Diabetol. Metab. Syndr. 17, 107 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Al-Mrabeh, A. et al. Hepatic lipoprotein export and remission of human type 2 diabetes after weight loss. Cell Metab. 31, 233\u2013249 (2020).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Skudder-Hill, L., Sequeira-Bisson, I. R., Ko, J., Poppitt, S. D. & Petrov, M. S. The moderating effect of cardiometabolic factors on the association between hepatic and intrapancreatic fat. Obesity 32, 2310\u20132320 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Petrov, M. S. Fatty change of the pancreas: the Pandora\u2019s box of pancreatology. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 8, 671\u2013682 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Petrov, M. S. Fateful fat: intra-pancreatic lipids cause pancreatic cancer. Cell Rep. Med. 5, 101428 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Biczo, G. et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction, through impaired autophagy, leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress, deregulated lipid metabolism, and pancreatitis in animal models. Gastroenterology 154, 689\u2013703 (2018).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Singh, R. G. et al. Associations between intra-pancreatic fat deposition and circulating levels of cytokines. Cytokine 120, 107\u2013114 (2019).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Liu, Y. et al. Intra-pancreatic fat is associated with continuous glucose monitoring metrics. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 26, 2359\u20132367 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Ko, J., Skudder-Hill, L., Cho, J., Bharmal, S. H. & Petrov, M. S. Pancreatic enzymes and abdominal adipose tissue distribution in new-onset prediabetes\/diabetes after acute pancreatitis. World J. Gastroenterol. 27, 3357\u20133371 (2021).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Gerst, F. et al. What role do fat cells play in pancreatic tissue? Mol. Metab. 25, 1\u201310 (2019).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Criddle, D. N. et al. Ethanol toxicity in pancreatic acinar cells: mediation by nonoxidative fatty acid metabolites. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 10738\u201310743 (2004).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Luchini, C. et al. Fatty pancreas disease: an integrated study on frozen tissues shows distinct compartments of interlobular\/intralobular, intra-acinar, and intra-islet fat deposition. Lab. Invest. 105, 104214 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Cnop, M. et al. Endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein by human pancreatic beta cells and uptake in lipid-storing vesicles, which increase with age. Am. J. Pathol. 156, 237\u2013244 (2000).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Ko, J. et al. Associations between intra-pancreatic fat deposition, pancreas size, and pancreatic enzymes in health and after an attack of acute pancreatitis. Obes. Facts 15, 70\u201382 (2022).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Kimita, W., Skudder-Hill, L., Shamaitijiang, X., Priya, S. & Petrov, M. S. Associations of pancreas fat content and size with markers of iron metabolism. Obes. Res. Clin. Pract. 18, 56\u201363 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Bonilla, M. E. et al. Metabolic landscape of the healthy pancreas and pancreatic tumor microenvironment. JCI Insight 9, e180114 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Lilly, A. C., Astsaturov, I. & Golemis, E. A. Intrapancreatic fat, pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 80, 206 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Nadella, S. et al. Dietary fat stimulates pancreatic cancer growth and promotes fibrosis of the tumor microenvironment through the cholecystokinin receptor. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 315, G699\u2013G712 (2018).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

De Oliveira, C. et al. Pancreatic triglyceride lipase mediates lipotoxic systemic inflammation. J. Clin. Invest. 130, 1931\u20131947 (2020).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Masamune, A. et al. Effects of ethanol and its metabolites on human pancreatic stellate cells. Dig. Dis. Sci. 55, 204\u2013211 (2010).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Otsuka, N., Shimizu, K., Taniai, M. & Tokushige, K. Risk factors for fatty pancreas and effects of fatty infiltration on pancreatic cancer. Front. Physiol. 14, 1243983 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Acharya, C. et al. Fibrosis reduces severity of acute-on-chronic pancreatitis in humans. Gastroenterology 145, 466\u2013475 (2013).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Hart, N. J. et al. Cystic fibrosis\u2013related diabetes is caused by islet loss and inflammation. JCI Insight 3, e98240 (2018).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Villaca, C. B. & Mastracci, T. L. Pancreatic crosstalk in the disease setting: understanding the impact of exocrine disease on endocrine function. Compr. Physiol. 14, 5371\u20135387 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Mareninova, O. A. et al. Dysregulation of mannose-6-phosphate-dependent cholesterol homeostasis in acinar cells mediates pancreatitis. J. Clin. Invest. 131, e146870 (2021).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Klein, L. et al. Explainable AI-based analysis of human pancreas sections identifies traits of type 2 diabetes. Nat. Commun. 17, 1558 (2026).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Carbone, C. et al. Adipocytes sustain pancreatic cancer progression through a non-canonical WNT paracrine network inducing ROR2 nuclear shuttling. Int. J. Obes. 42, 334\u2013343 (2018).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Kahn, D. E. & Bergman, B. C. Keeping it local in metabolic disease: adipose tissue paracrine signaling and insulin resistance. Diabetes 71, 599\u2013609 (2022).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Ko, J. et al. Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by elevated circulating periostin levels related to intra-pancreatic fat deposition. J. Clin. Med. Res. 12, 568\u2013578 (2020).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Yamazaki, H. et al. Evidence for a causal link between intra-pancreatic fat deposition and pancreatic cancer: a prospective cohort and Mendelian randomization study. Cell Rep. Med. 5, 101391 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Koethe, J. R. et al. Associations between dietary carbohydrate intakes, fatty acid oxidation rates, and sites of ectopic fat deposition over two years in persons with treated HIV. J. Nutr. 155, 3057\u20133065 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Sul, H. H. et al. Burden of intrapancreatic fat deposition in type 2 diabetes and the role of obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr. Obes. Rep. 15, 40\u00a0(2026).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Kim, M. K. et al. The association between ectopic fat in the pancreas and subclinical atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 106, 590\u2013596 (2014).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Staaf, J. et al. Pancreatic fat is associated with metabolic syndrome and visceral fat but not beta-cell function or body mass index in pediatric obesity. Pancreas 46, 358\u2013365 (2017).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Yamazaki, H. et al. Longitudinal association of fatty pancreas with the incidence of type-2 diabetes in lean individuals: a 6-year computed tomography-based cohort study. J. Gastroenterol. 55, 712\u2013721 (2020).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Tang, Y. et al. CT quantitation and prediction of the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in non-obese patients with pancreatic fatty infiltration. Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes. 17, 2619\u20132625 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Godoy-Matos, A. F., Valerio, C. M., Moreira, R. O., Momesso, D. P. & Bittencourt, L. K. Pancreatic fat deposition is increased and related to beta-cell function in women with familial partial lipodystrophy. Diabetol. Metab. Syndr. 10, 71 (2018).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Wagner, R. et al. Pathophysiology-based subphenotyping of individuals at elevated risk for type 2 diabetes. Nat. Med. 27, 49\u201357 (2021).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

\u0160ebekov\u00e1, K. et al. Lean insulin-resistant young adults display increased cardiometabolic risk: a retrospective cross-sectional study. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 185, 109217 (2022).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Sorokin, E. P. et al. Genetic subtypes of type 2 diabetes are distinguished through the lens of abdominal MRI. Front. Genet. 16, 1605721 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Gu, X. et al. Mechanistic insights into how intrapancreatic fat deposition drives the development of acute pancreatitis. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 22, 4289\u20134302 (2026).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Ibrahim, R. M. et al. Fatty pancreas on EUS: risk factors, correlation with CT\/MRI, and implications for pancreatic cancer screening. Endosc. Ultrasound 14, 13\u201319 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Keihanian, T. et al. Patterns of pancreatic fatty infiltration on endoscopic ultrasound: in-depth characterization. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 38, 48\u201353 (2026).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Engjom, T. et al. Sonographic pancreas echogenicity in cystic fibrosis compared to exocrine pancreatic function and pancreas fat content at Dixon-MRI. PLoS ONE 13, e0201019 (2018).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Kiemen, A. L. et al. Magnetic resonance imaging-based assessment of pancreatic fat strongly correlates with histology-based assessment of pancreas composition. Pancreas 53, e180\u2013e186 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Zhang, J., Liu, Y.\u00a0& Petrov, M. S. Validation of magnetic resonance imaging for quantification of intrapancreatic fat deposition using phantom and histologic comparators: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. Radiol. 36, 6546\u20136558 (2026).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Hernando, D. et al. Multisite, multivendor validation of the accuracy and reproducibility of proton-density fat-fraction quantification at 1.5T and 3T using a fat-water phantom. Magn. Reson. Med. 77, 1516\u20131524 (2017).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Serai, S. D., Dillman, J. R. & Trout, A. T. Proton density fat fraction measurements at 1.5- and 3-T hepatic MR imaging: same-day agreement among readers and across two imager manufacturers. Radiology 284, 244\u2013254 (2017).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Previtali, C. et al. Quantitative imaging predicts pancreatic fatty infiltration on routine CT examination. Diagn. Interv. Imaging 104, 359\u2013367 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Tanabe, M. et al. Automated whole-volume measurement of CT fat fraction of the pancreas: correlation with Dixon MR imaging. Br. J. Radiol. 96, 20220937 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Yamazaki, H. et al. Fat distribution patterns and future type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 71, 1937\u20131945 (2022).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Ordulj, I. et al. Visceral and ectopic abdominal fat effect on the calcification of the abdominal aorta and its branches \u2014 an MSCT study. Life 14, 2 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Kumar, H., DeSouza, S. V. & Petrov, M. S. Automated pancreas segmentation from computed tomography and magnetic resonance images: a systematic review. Comput. Methods Prog. Biomed. 178, 319\u2013328 (2019).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Rupp, S. et al. Acceleration of chemical shift encoding-based water-fat imaging for pancreatic proton density fat fraction mapping in a single breath-hold: data from the LION study. Eur. J. Radiol. 195, 112641 (2026).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Al-Mrabeh, A., Hollingsworth, K. G., Steven, S., Tiniakos, D. & Taylor, R. Quantification of intrapancreatic fat in type 2 diabetes by MRI. PLoS ONE 12, e0174660 (2017).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Idilman, I. S. et al. Quantification of liver, pancreas, kidney, and vertebral body MRI-PDFF in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Abdom. Imaging 40, 1512\u20131519 (2015).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Nie, H., Liu, M., Duan, J. & Liu, H. Research on the relationship between ectopic fat and iron deposition in the liver and pancreas, with glucose metabolism in elderly obese patients. Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes. 18, 2331\u20132341 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Joshi, T., Virostko, J. & Petrov, M. S. Artificial intelligence-based models for quantification of intra-pancreatic fat deposition and their clinical relevance: a systematic review of imaging studies. Eur. Radiol. 36, 627\u2013641 (2026).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Nalliah, S. et al. Deep-learning based automated pancreas segmentation on CT scans of chronic pancreatitis patients. Eur. J. Radiol. 189, 112175 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Kawamoto, S. et al. Deep neural network-based segmentation of normal and abnormal pancreas on abdominal CT: evaluation of global and local accuracies. Abdom. Radiol. 49, 501\u2013511 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Schneider, E. et al. Long-term inter-platform reproducibility, bias, and linearity of commercial PDFF MRI methods for fat quantification: a multi-center, multi-vendor phantom study. Eur. Radiol. 31, 7566\u20137574 (2021).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Aliyari Ghasabeh, M. et al. Correlation between incidental fat deposition in the liver and pancreas in asymptomatic individuals. Abdom. Radiol. 45, 203\u2013210 (2020).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Meloni, A. et al. Accurate estimate of pancreatic T2* values: how to deal with fat infiltration. Abdom. Imaging 40, 3129\u20133136 (2015).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

K\u00fchn, J. P. et al. Pancreatic steatosis demonstrated at MR imaging in the general population: clinical relevance. Radiology 276, 129\u2013136 (2015).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Defining, establishing, and verifying reference intervals in the clinical laboratory; approved guideline \u2014 third edition (CLSI document C28-A3) (CLSI, 2008).<\/p>\n

Virostko, J. et al. Development of a standardized MRI protocol for pancreas assessment in humans. PLoS ONE\u00a016, e0256029 (2021).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Yokoo, T. et al. Linearity, bias, and precision of hepatic proton density fat fraction measurements by using MR imaging: a meta-analysis. Radiology 286, 486\u2013498 (2018).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Petrov, M. S. Pancreatitis as a matter of fat: the causal role of high intrapancreatic fat deposition. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 119, 2372\u20132375 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Suda, K. Histopathological study on fat necrosis with comparison between agonal stage and acute pancreatitis. Rinsho Byori 39, 977\u2013980 (1991).<\/p>\n

CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Navina, S. et al. Lipotoxicity causes multisystem organ failure and exacerbates acute pancreatitis in obesity. Sci. Transl. Med. 3, 107ra110 (2011).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Al-Ani, Z., Ko, J. & Petrov, M. S. Intra-pancreatic fat deposition across the pancreatitis spectrum and the influence of gut hormones. Dig. Liver Dis. 55, 1081\u20131090 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Ko, J. et al. Intrapancreatic, liver, and skeletal muscle fat depositions in first attack of acute pancreatitis versus health. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 117, 1693\u20131701 (2022).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Yamazaki, H. et al. The causal effect of intrapancreatic fat deposition on acute and chronic pancreatitis: a Mendelian randomization study. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 118, 2540\u20132544 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Tirkes, T. et al. Multiparametric MRI scoring system of the pancreas for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 61, 2183\u20132194 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Swauger, S. E. et al. Association of pancreatic fat on imaging with pediatric metabolic co-morbidities. Pediatr. Radiol. 53, 2030\u20132039 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Almujarkesh, M. K. et al. Impact of pancreatic steatosis on risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Pancreatology 25, 1418\u20131425 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Sreedhar, U. L., DeSouza, S. V., Park, B. & Petrov, M. S. A systematic review of intra-pancreatic fat deposition and pancreatic carcinogenesis. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 24, 2560\u20132569 (2020).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Vl\u0103du\u021b, C. et al. High prevalence of pancreatic steatosis in pancreatic cancer patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Pancreatology 25, 98\u2013107 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Oyama, H. et al. Relationship of intra-pancreatic fat deposition with pancreatic cancer differs according to carcinoma types. Gastroenterology 169, 718\u2013721 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Rebours, V. et al. Obesity and fatty pancreatic infiltration are risk factors for pancreatic precancerous lesions (PanIN). Clin. Cancer Res. 21, 3522\u20133528 (2015).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Chatterjee, A. et al. Fatty pancreas disease and the risk of future diseases of the exocrine pancreas: a US matched cohort study. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 121, 1501\u20131508\u00a0(2026).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Zhou, L. et al. Impact of fatty pancreas on postoperative pancreatic fistulae: a meta-analysis. Front. Oncol. 11, 622282 (2021).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Chan, T. T. et al. Fatty pancreas is independently associated with subsequent diabetes mellitus development: a 10-year prospective cohort study. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 20, 2014\u20132022 (2022).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Bi, Y., Lin, H. Y., Li, M. L., Zhou, J. & Sun, X. L. The association between pancreatic steatosis and metabolic syndrome: a 5-year follow-up study among a general Chinese population. Pancreas 51, 1000\u20131006 (2022).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Petrov, M. S. & Olesen, S. S. Metabolic sequelae: the pancreatitis zeitgeist of the 21st century. Gastroenterology 165, 1122\u20131135 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Petrov, M. S. Diagnosis of endocrine disease: post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus: prime time for secondary disease. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 184, R137\u2013R149 (2021).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Petrov, M. S. & Basina, M. Diagnosis of endocrine disease: diagnosing and classifying diabetes in diseases of the exocrine pancreas. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 184, R151\u2013R163 (2021).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Lee, N. et al. Characteristics and clinical course of diabetes of the exocrine pancreas: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Diabetes Care 45, 1141\u20131150 (2022).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Goodarzi, M. O. & Petrov, M. S. Diabetes of the exocrine pancreas: implications for pharmacological management. Drugs 83, 1077\u20131090 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Tirkes, T. et al. Association of pancreatic steatosis with chronic pancreatitis, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pancreas 48, 420\u2013426 (2019).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Singh, R. G. et al. Intrapancreatic fat deposition and visceral fat volume are associated with the presence of diabetes after acute pancreatitis. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 316, G806\u2013G815 (2019).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Ko, J., Skudder-Hill, L., Cho, J., Bharmal, S. H. & Petrov, M. S. The relationship between abdominal fat phenotypes and insulin resistance in non-obese individuals after acute pancreatitis. Nutrients 12, 2883 (2020).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Alexandre-Heymann, L. et al. CT imaging shows specific pancreatic abnormalities in persons with cystic fibrosis related diabetes. Sci. Rep. 13, 10433 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Sequeiros, I. et al. MRI appearance of the pancreas in patients with cystic fibrosis: a comparison of pancreas volume in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Br. J. Radiol. 83, 921\u2013926 (2010).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Petrov, M. S. & Yadav, D. Global epidemiology and holistic prevention of pancreatitis. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 16, 175\u2013184 (2019).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Lim, E. L. et al. Reversal of type 2 diabetes: normalisation of beta cell function in association with decreased pancreas and liver triacylglycerol. Diabetologia 54, 2506\u20132514 (2011).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Steven, S. et al. Very low-calorie diet and 6 months of weight stability in type 2 diabetes: pathophysiological changes in responders and nonresponders. Diabetes Care 39, 808\u2013815 (2016).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Al-Mrabeh, A. et al. 2-year remission of type 2 diabetes and pancreas morphology: a post-hoc analysis of the DiRECT open-label, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 8, 939\u2013948 (2020).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Rossi, A. et al. Effect of moderate weight loss on hepatic, pancreatic and visceral lipids in obese subjects. Nutr. Diabetes 2, e32 (2012).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Thomsen, M. N. et al. Dietary carbohydrate restriction augments weight loss-induced improvements in glycaemic control and liver fat in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia 65, 506\u2013517 (2022).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Tene, L. et al. The effect of long-term weight-loss intervention strategies on the dynamics of pancreatic-fat and morphology: an MRI RCT study. Clin. Nutr. ESPEN 24, 82\u201389 (2018).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Skytte, M. J. et al. A carbohydrate-reduced high-protein diet improves HbA1c and liver fat content in weight stable participants with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia 62, 2066\u20132078 (2019).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Della Pepa, G. et al. An isoenergetic multifactorial diet reduces pancreatic fat and increases postprandial insulin response in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care 45, 1935\u20131942 (2022).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Fotros, D. et al. Adherence to the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) and risk of pancreatic steatosis. J. Health Popul. Nutr. 43, 190 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Ko, J. et al. Intra-pancreatic fat deposition as a modifier of the relationship between habitual dietary fat intake and insulin resistance. Clin. Nutr. 40, 4730\u20134737 (2021).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Ko, J. et al. Dietary carbohydrate intake and insulin traits in individuals after acute pancreatitis: effect modification by intra-pancreatic fat deposition. Pancreatology 21, 353\u2013362 (2021).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Li, M. et al. Aerobic training reduces pancreatic fat content and improves \u03b2-cell function: a randomized controlled trial using IDEAL-IQ magnetic resonance imaging. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 38, e3516 (2022).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Heiskanen, M. A. et al. Exercise training decreases pancreatic fat content and improves beta cell function regardless of baseline glucose tolerance: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia 61, 1817\u20131828 (2018).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Langleite, T. M. et al. Insulin sensitivity, body composition and adipose depots following 12 w combined endurance and strength training in dysglycemic and normoglycemic sedentary men. Arch. Physiol. Biochem. 122, 167\u2013179 (2016).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Petrov, M. S. The pharmacological landscape for fatty change of the pancreas. Drugs 84, 375\u2013384 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Agon, H. C., Shen, Y. & Petrov, M. S. Effects of glucose-lowering medications on intra-pancreatic fat deposition: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes. Rev. 27, e70087 (2026).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Shi, M. et al. Effect of dapagliflozin on liver and pancreatic fat in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J. Diabetes Complications 37, 108610 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Smits, M. M. et al. Pancreatic effects of liraglutide or sitagliptin in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes: a 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Care 40, 301\u2013308 (2017).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Vanderheiden, A. et al. Mechanisms of action of liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with high-dose insulin. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 101, 1798\u20131806 (2016).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Nieto, L. M. et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists use does not increase the risk for acute pancreatitis and is associated with lower complications in patients with type 2 diabetes who develop acute pancreatitis: a multi-center analysis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 121, 424\u2013431 (2026).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Benny, O. et al. Dose-response analysis of tirzepatide and acute pancreatitis: an international systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis of randomised trials. Pancreatology 26, 552\u2013565\u00a0(2026).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Becetti, I. et al. Changes in pancreatic steatosis by computed tomography 24 months after sleeve gastrectomy in youth with severe obesity. Surg. Obes. Relat. Dis. 21, 59\u201366 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Gaborit, B. et al. Ectopic fat storage in the pancreas using 1H-MRS: importance of diabetic status and modulation with bariatric surgery-induced weight loss. Int. J. Obes. 39, 480\u2013487 (2015).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Yu, X., Huang, Y. H., Feng, Y. Z., Cheng, Z. Y. & Cai, X. R. Well-controlled versus poorly controlled diabetes in patients with obesity: differences in MRI-evaluated pancreatic fat content. Quant. Imaging Med. Surg. 13, 3496\u20133507 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Gao, X. et al. Impact of sleeve gastrectomy on ectopic fat deposition and skeletal muscle composition across glucose metabolic states. Obes. Surg. 35, 2689\u20132697 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Schifano, J. & Niederberger, M. How Delphi studies in the health sciences find consensus: a scoping review. Syst. Rev. 14, 14 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Byrne, M. et al. Identifying experts for clinical practice guidelines: perspectives from the ASH Guideline Oversight Subcommittee. Blood Adv. 7, 4323\u20134326 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Zhang, Y., Liu, Y. & Petrov, M. S. Relationship of fat in the pancreas with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes. Rev. 26, e13914 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Della Pepa, G., Salamone, D., Testa, R., Bozzetto, L. & Costabile, G. Intrapancreatic fat deposition and nutritional treatment: the role of various dietary approaches. Nutr. Rev. 82, 1820\u20131834 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Rodr\u00edguez, C. I. et al. Understanding the association of intrapancreatic fat deposition with adiposity and components of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 83, 103205 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Leybourne, C. B., Liu, Y. & Petrov, M. S. Excessive intrapancreatic fat deposition and risk of pancreatic diseases: longitudinal cohort evidence from a systematic review with population-attributable fraction analysis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 121, 1071\u20131081 (2026).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Vujasinovic, M. et al. International multidisciplinary consensus report on definitions, diagnostic criteria, and management of fatty pancreas: a joint statement endorsed by EPC, APA, EASD, EASL, ESGAR, ESGE, ESP, ESPCG, ESPEN, ESPGHAN, IAP, JPS, KPBA, LAPSG, and UEG. U. Eur. Gastroenterol. J. 14, e70185 (2026).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

\u0160krinjar, I., Vu\u010di\u0107, K. & Puljak, L. Sample size and consensus methods used in Delphi studies are heterogeneous: meta-research study. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 195, 112262 (2026).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Diamond, I. R. et al. Defining consensus: a systematic review recommends methodologic criteria for reporting of Delphi studies. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 67, 401\u2013409 (2014).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Guillemin, F., Bombardier, C. & Beaton, D. Cross-cultural adaptation of health-related quality of life measures: literature review and proposed guidelines. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 46, 1417\u20131432 (1993).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Weichselbaum, A. & Stangl, E. Weitere histologische untersuchungen des pankreas bei diabetes mellitus. Wien. Klin. Wchnschr 15, 969\u2013977 (1902).<\/p>\n


\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Pressly, J. D. et al. Adaptive and maladaptive roles of lipid droplets in health and disease. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 322, C468\u2013C481 (2022).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Bosch, M., Sweet, M. J., Parton, R. G. & Pol, A. Lipid droplets and the host-pathogen dynamic: FATal attraction? J. Cell Biol. 220, e202104005 (2021).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Cho, J. & Petrov, M. S. Pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, and their metabolic sequelae: projected burden to 2050. Clin. Transl. Gastroenterol. 11, e00251 (2020).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Habershon, S. O. Acute poisoning by phosphorus; jaundice; death on the fifth day. Fatty degeneration of the liver,…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":53785,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[45878,45876,29846,45877,45875,260,45873,45874],"class_list":["post-53784","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-melbourne","tag-biomedicine","tag-gastroenterology","tag-general","tag-hepatology","tag-medicine-public-health","tag-melbourne","tag-metabolic-diseases","tag-pancreatic-disease"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/australia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53784","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/australia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/australia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/australia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/australia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53784"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/australia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53784\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/australia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/53785"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/australia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53784"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/australia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=53784"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/australia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=53784"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}