OpenAI has paused plans to roll out a series of data centres across the UK, citing concerns over the cost of energy and regulations.
The Stargate UK project was announced in September with the goal of giving Britain “sovereign compute capabilities” that would bolster the government’s strategy to rapidly deploy AI throughout the economy. The firm said the initiative would help to accelerate scientific breakthroughs, improve productivity and drive economic growth.
OpenAI said it still saw “huge potential” in the UK’s AI sector but did not want to “move forward” until the right conditions, such as “regulation and the cost of energy to enable long-term infrastructure investment” were met.
The firm has never made a profit because of the extremely high cost of running an AI platform and limited monetisation of its users. Only about 5% of ChatGPT users are paying subscribers and around 860 million users use the service for free. Internal financial documents and analyst reports suggest it is on track to lose around $14bn (£10.4bn) this year.
Electricity in the UK is more expensive than in many of its European counterparts, and while the market has seen some recent price drops, it’s still more costly than it was before the 2022 price spikes. This is largely because the UK is reliant on gas to provide a consistent base load energy supply, and the fuel has been subject to significant market volatility. Prices are also expected to rise sharply in the near term if the Strait of Hormuz remains an unreliable trade passage because of ongoing hostilities in the Middle East.
The high energy prices in the UK would make it difficult for OpenAI to run a sustainable service.
The announcement comes as the firm attempts to refocus its business model on its core ChatGPT service, which has attracted the most users but also faces hot competition from the likes of Google’s Gemini and Anthropic’s Claude. The shift in direction saw it shutter its AI video generation platform Sora last month. Sora required vastly more computing resources per user interaction than a typical text-based interaction with ChatGPT.
A government spokesperson said: “Our focus is on continuing to create the right conditions for investment in the UK’s AI and data centre infrastructure.
“We are continuing to work with OpenAI and other leading AI companies to strengthen UK compute capacity.”