Forsaa VA, Lindtjørn B, Kvaløy JT, Frøystein T, Krohn J. Epidemiology and morphology of full-thickness macular holes. Acta Ophthalmol. 2018;96:397–404.
McCannel CA, Ensminger JL, Diehl NN, Hodge DN. Population-based incidence of macular holes. Ophthalmology. 2009;116:1366–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.01.052.
Steel DH, Donachie PHJ, Aylward GW, Laidlaw DA, Williamson TH, Yorston D. Factors affecting anatomical and visual outcome after macular hole surgery: findings from a large prospective UK cohort. Eye. 2020;35:316–25.
Fallico M, Jackson T, Chronopoulos A, Hattenbach L, Longo A, Bonfiglio V, et al. Factors predicting normal visual acuity following anatomically successful macular hole surgery. Acta Ophthalmol. 2021;99:e324-e329.
Bleidibel N, Friedrich J, Klass J, Feucht N, Lohmann C, Maier M. Inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique in eyes with large idiopathic full-thickness macular hole: long-term functional and morphological outcomes. Retinal Disord. 2021;259:1759–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-021-05082-7.
Roth M, Schön N, Jürgens L, Engineer D, Kirchhoff K, Guthoff R, et al. Frequently assessed and usedprognostic factors for outcome after macular hole surgery: which is better? BMC Ophthalmol. 2021;21:398.
Jaycock P, Bunce C, Xing W, Thomas D, Poon W, Gazzard G, et al. Outcomes of macular hole surgery: implications for surgical management and clinical governance. Eye. 2004;19:879–84. https://www.nature.com/articles/6701679Available from.
Amram AL, Mandviwala MM, Ou WC, Wykoff CC, Shah AR. Predictors of Visual Acuity Outcomes Following Vitrectomy for Idiopathic Macular Hole. Ophthalmic Surg, Lasers Imaging Retin. 2018;49:566–70.
Stene-Johansen I, Bragadóttir R, Petrovski BÉ, Petrovski G. Macular Hole Surgery Using Gas Tamponade—An Outcome from the Oslo Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med. 2019;8:704.
Ullrich S, Haritoglou C, Gass C, Schaumberger M, Ulbig M, Kampik A. Macular hole size as a prognostic factor in macular hole surgery. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002;86:390–3.
Murphy DC, Al-Zubaidy M, Lois N, Scott N, Steel DH, Qu J, et al. The Effect of macular hole duration on surgical outcomes. Ophthalmology. 2023;130:152–63.
Tognetto D, Grandin R, Sanguinetti G, Minutola D, Di Nicola M, Di Mascio R, et al. Internal limiting membrane removal during macular hole surgery. Ophthalmology. 2006;113:1401–10.
Zgolli H, Abdelhedi C, Mabrouk S, Fekih O, Zghal I, Malek I, et al. Prognostic factors for visual recovery after successful large macular hole surgery using the inverted flap technique. J Français d Ophtalmol. 2023;46:1069–78.
The Royal College of Ophthalmologists. Idiopathic Full Thickness Macular Holes: Clinical Guideline. London: The Royal College of Ophthalmologists; 2024. Available from: https://www.rcophth.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/DRAFT-clinical-guideline-on-idiopathic-full-thickness-macular-holes.pdf (accessed 8 February 2026).
NHS England. Statistics» Consultant-led Referral to Treatment Waiting Times Data 2022-23 [Internet]. www.england.nhs.uk. 2023. Available from: https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/statistical-work-areas/rtt-waiting-times/rtt-data-2022-23/.
RCOphth. RCOphth responds to parliamentary inquiry into backlogs and waiting times – The Royal College of Ophthalmologists [Internet]. The Royal College of Ophthalmologists. 2022 [cited 2025 Jan 8]. Available from: https://www.rcophth.ac.uk/news-views/rcophth-responds-to-parliamentary-inquiry-into-backlogs-and-waiting-times/.
Ghazala FR, Dall’Ozzo S, McGowan G, Livingstone IAT Teleophthalmology-Enabled Direct Vitreoretinal Surgery Listing from Community Optometric Practice: Enhanced Efficiency During Coronavirus Disease 2019, and Beyond? Telemedicine and e-Health. 2020;27.
Anguita R, Ahmed S, Makuloluwa A, Hind J, Roth J, Wickham L. Prospective validation of a virtual post-operative clinic in vitreoretinal surgery. Eye. 2024;38:3258–62.
Kern C, Kortuem K, Hamilton R, Fasolo S, Cai Y, Balaskas K, et al. Clinical outcomes of a hospital-based teleophthalmology service: what happens to patients in a virtual clinic?. Ophthalmol Retin. 2019;3:422–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2019.01.011.
Shahid SM, Anguita R, daCruz L. Telemedicine for postoperative consultations following vitrectomy for retinal detachment repair during the COVID-19 crisis: a patient satisfaction survey. Can J Ophthalmol. 2021;56:e46–e48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjo.2020.11.011.
Raimondi R, Ghazal D, Steel DH. Reducing time to surgery in patients affected by idiopathic full thickness macular holes. Eye. 2023;37:3509–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-023-02517-9.
Department of Health and Social Care. Over 50 new surgical hubs set to open across England to help bust the COVID-19 backlogs [Internet]. GOV.UK. 2022. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/over-50-new-surgical-hubs-set-to-open-across-england-to-help-bust-the-covid-backlogs.
RCOphth. Ophthalmology to benefit from the opening of new surgical hubs across England – The Royal College of Ophthalmologists [Internet]. The Royal College of Ophthalmologists. 2022 [cited 2025 Jan 9]. Available from: https://www.rcophth.ac.uk/news-views/ophthalmology-to-benefit-from-the-opening-of-new-surgical-hubs-across-england/.
GIRFT. Surgical hubs – Getting It Right First Time – GIRFT [Internet]. 2023. Available from: https://gettingitrightfirsttime.co.uk/hvlc/surgical-hubs/.
Rowland D, Ryan S Centre for Health and the Public Interest [Internet]. Centre for Health and the Public Interest. 2024 [cited 2025 Jan 9]. Available from: https://www.chpi.org.uk/reports/out-of-sight-understanding-the-hidden-impact-of-cataract-outsourcing-on-nhs-finances.
Irvine J The Private Health Impact on NHS Eye Surgery [Internet]. The New Optometrist. 2024. Available from: https://www.thenewoptometrist.com/news/the-private-health-impact-on-nhs-eye-surgery-10609.
RCOphth. Summary of RCOphth 2024 clinical leads survey [Internet]. RCOphth. 2024 [cited 2025 Jan 9]. Available from: https://www.rcophth.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Summary-of-RCOphth-2024-clinical-leads-survey.pdf.