Premier Danielle Smith’s recent remark — “You can earn your way into inclusion, but you can earn your way out of it, too” — reveals a troubling understanding of disability and the conditions under which Albertans with disabilities are permitted to exist in public life.
Inclusion is not a reward or a privilege granted to those who perform compliance or social acceptability. Inclusion is a baseline condition of a just society. To suggest otherwise is to cast people with disabilities as provisional citizens whose right to participate in society is conditional and revocable.
When Smith frames inclusion as something one can “earn,” she reinforces that ableist logic that ties human worth to productivity and normative behaviour. This logic disproportionately harms people with disabilities, whose lives are already scrutinized through bureaucratic assessments of eligibility and “deservingness.”
More concerning still is the second half of her statement — that one can “earn your way out” of inclusion. This implies that inclusion is conditional and that access to education, employment, health care or public life can be withdrawn if an individual fails to meet unspecified standards.
For people with disabilities, this is not hypothetical. It echoes long-standing practices in which support is denied, withdrawn or made contingent on proving one’s worthiness over and over again.
This framing is not only ethically troubling but also fundamentally at odds with international human rights law. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), adopted by the United Nations and ratified by Canada, affirms that people with disabilities have a right to full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others.
The CRPD does not frame inclusion as something to be earned through compliance or revoked through perceived failure. Rather, it positions inclusion as a matter of dignity and equality, principles that states are obligated to uphold.
Building from this perspective, inclusion of Canadians with disabilities in the Canadian Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms denotes recognition that their citizenship does not come with contingencies. Every individual is equal before and under the law, and has the right to the equal protection and equal benefit of the law without discrimination and, in particular, without discrimination based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age or mental or physical disability.
Alberta is one of two provinces without a formal Accessibility Act, a platform that could give Albertans with disabilities a voice on matters affecting their everyday lives.
As it directly pertains to the premier’s comments, her conditional vision of inclusion is particularly troubling when we consider the realities many students with disabilities already face within the education system.
Inclusive education is not without its pitfalls. Across Canada, schools are not always sites of learning, but sometimes also sites of harm. Students with disabilities experience disproportionately high levels of bullying and exclusion. Other national data similarly indicate that a significant proportion of students with disabilities are avoided, excluded or pushed out of educational spaces altogether.
Research consistently shows, however, that the barriers to inclusive education are not the students themselves, but inadequate resources, training and institutional commitment. At the same time, exposure to disability as a form of human diversity plays a critical role in reshaping harmful stereotypes.
Inclusion, when done well, benefits everyone.
A critical disability studies perspective pushes us to ask different questions. Not “who deserves inclusion?” but “why do our systems produce exclusion in the first place?”
Not “who has earned their place?” but “what barriers are we unwilling to dismantle?”
True inclusion requires more than words. It demands structural commitment, adequate resources and an attitudinal shift — one that recognizes human worth as inherent, not contingent.
Inclusion that can be given and taken away was never inclusion to begin with.
Alan Martino is an associate professor, and Patricia DesJardine is an adjunct assistant professor in Community Rehabilitation and Disability Studies at the University of Calgary.