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Canada\u2019s Mark Carney has risked an escalation in trade hostilities with the US by following through with his foreshadowed retaliatory tariffs on US imports.<\/p>\n
Just after midnight on Monday, Canada\u2019s retaliatory tariffs on about $US20 billion ($28 billion) of US exports went live, making Canada, with China, the only significant economies willing to stand up to Donald Trump\u2019s trade bullying.<\/p>\n
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Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney and US President Donald Trump in the Oval Office last year.AP Photo\/Evan Vucci<\/p>\n
The tariffs are a response to a similar dollar amount of new tariffs on Canada\u2019s exports to the US that the Trump administration imposed last month after talks between the countries \u2013 held against the backdrop of Trump\u2019s threat of those tariffs unless Canada made a range of trade concessions \u2013 broke down.<\/p>\n
While willing to accept some duties and to tighten rules of origin that might have shifted more of the North American auto industry supply chain across the border into the US, last-minute demands from the US negotiators \u2013 abolishing Canadian French language local content rules and quotas, exclusive access to Canada\u2019s minerals and restrictions on its ability to sign trade deals with other countries \u2013 caused Carney to end the negotiations.<\/p>\n
Related Article The US proceeded with its new tariffs on Canadian autos, dairy, alcohol, metals and consumer goods and now Canada has matched them on a dollar-for-dollar basis, targeting US apparel, timber, steel and aluminium, agricultural equipment, appliances, pulp and paper, plastics and electronics.<\/p>\n Both countries had pre-existing tariffs, dating back to Trump\u2019s initial declaration of a trade war on the rest of the world last year, his singling out (absurdly) Canada for its alleged role in fentanyl exports to the US and, more recently, a 10 per cent rate (along with much of the rest of the world) for its claimed failure to do enough to halt imports of goods made with forced labour.<\/p>\n Canada had responded to the earliest of those tariffs with duties of its own, but the effective rate on US imports was only just above one per cent. With this week\u2019s counter tariffs, it is now closer to 4 per cent. The effective rate of the tariffs on Canadian imports to the US was around 3 per cent before the recent changes. It\u2019s now closer to 6 per cent.<\/p>\n Carney\u2019s willingness to stand up to the US is brave, bordering on foolhardy, given that nearly 70 per cent of Canada\u2019s exports go to the US and that he doesn\u2019t have the rare earths monopoly that China used to force Trump to back away from his direst trade threats to its economy.<\/p>\n There is some shelter from the United States-Mexico-Canada free trade agreement (USMCA), although that hasn\u2019t stopped Trump from targeting Canada (or Mexico) with tariffs so far.<\/p>\n Trump has been trying to use the threat of walking away from the USMCA (which he negotiated in his first term) as leverage to force more trade concessions from Canada and Mexico (although America\u2019s withdrawal from the USMCA would take a decade), with Mexico more willing than Canada to do a new deal.<\/p>\n While Canada\u2019s retaliation might provoke even stronger action from the US \u2013 Trump has threatened more tariffs and even (along with some other major US trading partners) the end of all trade \u2013 the three economies within the USMCA are highly integrated.<\/p>\n Canada might be harmed more, but the US would also suffer self-harm if it responds to Canada\u2019s new tariffs by raising its own.<\/p>\n By far the largest of Canada\u2019s exports to the US are oil and refined products. It accounts for about 60 per cent of America\u2019s oil imports. Because the oil is extracted from oil sands and is heavy, viscous and contains sulfur and metals, it requires specialised refining. Refineries in Texas and Louisiana process the imported oil.<\/p>\n Related Article Trump hasn\u2019t included Canadian oil, yet, in his list of sanctioned products. That would be self-destructive.<\/p>\n Canada is, however, trying to diversify the customer base for its oil (and protect itself from the threat that America might displace its exports with similarly heavy Venezuelan crude) by planning to build a pipeline from its oil fields to the Pacific coast that would give it access to the Asian market.<\/p>\n The Canadian and US auto and auto parts industries are closely entwined \u2013 auto parts can cross the border several times (and be charged duties each time) before vehicles are fully built \u2013 so tariff disruption will hurt both economies and their US company-dominated auto industries.<\/p>\n Last year Canada exported $US9.9 billion of aluminium and aluminium products to the US, for use in the auto industry, in cans, construction and a raft of other purposes. The US gets about 70 per cent of its imported primary aluminium from Canada and nearly 60 per cent of all its aluminium and aluminium products imports.<\/p>\n The US aluminium industry has shrunk over decades, with some of the major US producers, like Alcoa, shifting their operations to Canada, with his vast hydroelectric power resources that provide cheap electricity to an exceptionally energy-intensive sector.<\/p>\n Canada might be harmed more, but the US would also suffer self-harm if it responds to Canada\u2019s new tariffs by raising its own.<\/p>\n Trump might want to use tariffs to force companies to reshore activities to the US, but the US grid doesn\u2019t produce electricity cheaply or reliably enough (and Trump is trying to stifle renewable sources) to compete with Canada.<\/p>\n If Trump does escalate, Canada does have options that would hurt the US, create supply shortages and raise costs for US businesses and prices for US consumers.<\/p>\n While Canada and Canadians would also suffer \u2013 unlike Trump, some in his administration and many of his MAGA supporters, they understand how tariffs work and who pays the duties \u2013 they appear prepared to accept that as the price of sovereignty.<\/p>\n Trump\u2019s continued rumblings about the \u201c51st state\u201d have drawn Canadians together in their support for Carney and his response.<\/p>\n Carney has also been busy since winning his office in March last year, negotiating a raft of trade agreements with other countries to try to diversify his economy away from its over-reliance on the US. That, no doubt, is why Trump\u2019s negotiators tried to restrict its ability to do trade deals with third parties.<\/p>\n Thus, in the longer term, Trump\u2019s ill-conceived trade assault on America\u2019s closest ally and trading partner is likely \u2013 as is the case with other allies of long-standing \u2013 to lead to a fundamental change and distancing in the economic and political relationships between the countries.<\/p>\n Trump isn\u2019t helping to lower the temperature with his continuing threats and juvenile social media posts, including one very recently which depicts Trump skating on ice, dressed in full ice hockey gear, savagely beating Carney with a hockey stick.<\/p>\n Related Article Trump, of course, has never been seen on skates of any kind, while Carney was a very active and competitive ice hockey player in his youth, including a stint as the reserve goalkeeper for Harvard\u2019s team. Trump\u2019s post is rightly being criticised, and ridiculed.<\/p>\n Renaming Lake Ontario as Lake America, continuing to post maps of the United States that include Canada as a state and referring to Carney as \u201cgovernor\u201d, aren\u2019t going to shift the increasingly anti-American sentiment in Canada.<\/p>\n Nor will they endear Trump to the rest of the nations that have been hit by Trump\u2019s tariffs and will watch how Canada\u2019s stand against Trump\u2019s tariffs and intimidation plays out. If others showed similar resolve, Trump\u2019s leverage \u2013 the threat of more tariffs \u2013 would be undermined.<\/p>\n The Business Briefing newsletter delivers major stories, exclusive coverage and expert opinion. 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Canada is standing up for itself, but almost 70 per cent of the country\u2019s exports go to the US.Getty Images<\/p>\n![\"The](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/canada\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/1788863784_948_92d19ba01baaa2cdedcd23d4699bfae4e76325025c3fbe7673fd395ba695de08.jpeg\")
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