{"id":32464,"date":"2026-05-05T09:13:42","date_gmt":"2026-05-05T09:13:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/canada\/32464\/"},"modified":"2026-05-05T09:13:42","modified_gmt":"2026-05-05T09:13:42","slug":"pacific-salmon-and-cumulative-injustices-in-canada-and-the-usa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/canada\/32464\/","title":{"rendered":"Pacific salmon and cumulative injustices in Canada and the USA"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR1\">Priest, R. Positively Uncivilized (Raven Chronicles Press, 2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR2\">Claxton, N. X. To Fish as Formerly: A Resurgent Journey Back to the Saanich Reef Net Fishery. PhD thesis, Univ. Victoria (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR3\">Umeek, E. R. A. Principles of Tsawalk (UBC Press, 2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR4\">Menzies, C. 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Tensions and arrests are on the rise on the Fraser River. APTN News <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aptnnews.ca\/featured\/tensions-and-arrests-are-on-the-rise-on-the-fraser-river\/\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/www.aptnnews.ca\/featured\/tensions-and-arrests-are-on-the-rise-on-the-fraser-river\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.aptnnews.ca\/featured\/tensions-and-arrests-are-on-the-rise-on-the-fraser-river\/<\/a> (6 July 2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR41\">Stevens, C. &amp; Black, J. Case study: I am a criminal: criminalization of indigenous fishing practices. 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Pacific Salmon Commission <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psc.org\/about-us\/history-purpose\/pacific-salmon-treaty\/\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/www.psc.org\/about-us\/history-purpose\/pacific-salmon-treaty\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.psc.org\/about-us\/history-purpose\/pacific-salmon-treaty\/<\/a> (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR44\">Aboriginal fisheries strategy. Fisheries and Oceans Canada <a href=\"https:\/\/waves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca\/library-bibliotheque\/280404.pdf\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/waves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca\/library-bibliotheque\/280404.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/waves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca\/library-bibliotheque\/280404.pdf<\/a> (1992).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR45\">Rights of the Aboriginal Peoples of Canada. Section 35 of the Constitution Act 1982. Government of Canada, Department of Justice <a href=\"https:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/const\/page-12.html#h-55\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/const\/page-12.html#h-55\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/const\/page-12.html#h-55<\/a> (1982).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR46\">An allocation policy for Pacific salmon: a new direction. Fisheries and Oceans Canada <a href=\"https:\/\/publications.gc.ca\/site\/eng\/9.823397\/publication.html\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/publications.gc.ca\/site\/eng\/9.823397\/publication.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/publications.gc.ca\/site\/eng\/9.823397\/publication.html<\/a> (1999).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR47\">Supreme Court judgments: R v. Sparrow. Supreme Court of Canada <a href=\"https:\/\/decisions.scc-csc.ca\/scc-csc\/scc-csc\/en\/item\/609\/index.do\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/decisions.scc-csc.ca\/scc-csc\/scc-csc\/en\/item\/609\/index.do\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/decisions.scc-csc.ca\/scc-csc\/scc-csc\/en\/item\/609\/index.do<\/a> (1990).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR48\">Nisga\u2019a final agreement. Nisga\u2019a Nation &amp; Ministry of Indian Affairs and Northern Development <a href=\"https:\/\/publications.gc.ca\/collections\/collection_2013\/aadnc-aandc\/R72-289-2000-eng.pdf\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/publications.gc.ca\/collections\/collection_2013\/aadnc-aandc\/R72-289-2000-eng.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/publications.gc.ca\/collections\/collection_2013\/aadnc-aandc\/R72-289-2000-eng.pdf<\/a> (1999).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR49\">Fisheries Resources Reconciliation Agreement (FRRA) between coastal First Nations and Canada. Government of Canada <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca\/reconciliation\/docs\/frra-arrh-eng.html\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca\/reconciliation\/docs\/frra-arrh-eng.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca\/reconciliation\/docs\/frra-arrh-eng.html<\/a> (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR50\">Ahousaht Indian Band and Nation v. Canada (Attorney General). Court of Appeal for British Columbia <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canlii.org\/en\/bc\/bcca\/doc\/2013\/2013bcca300\/2013bcca300.html\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/www.canlii.org\/en\/bc\/bcca\/doc\/2013\/2013bcca300\/2013bcca300.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.canlii.org\/en\/bc\/bcca\/doc\/2013\/2013bcca300\/2013bcca300.html<\/a> (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR51\">Supreme Court judgments: R v. Van Der Peet. Supreme Court of Canada <a href=\"https:\/\/decisions.scc-csc.ca\/scc-csc\/scc-csc\/en\/item\/1407\/index.do\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/decisions.scc-csc.ca\/scc-csc\/scc-csc\/en\/item\/1407\/index.do\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/decisions.scc-csc.ca\/scc-csc\/scc-csc\/en\/item\/1407\/index.do<\/a> (1996).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR52\">Magnuson-Stevens fishery conservation and management act. NOAA Fisheries <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fisheries.noaa.gov\/resource\/document\/magnuson-stevens-fishery-conservation-and-management-act\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/www.fisheries.noaa.gov\/resource\/document\/magnuson-stevens-fishery-conservation-and-management-act\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.fisheries.noaa.gov\/resource\/document\/magnuson-stevens-fishery-conservation-and-management-act<\/a> (2007).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR53\">Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act. National Park Service <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/locations\/alaska\/upload\/ANILCA-Electronic-Version.pdf\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/locations\/alaska\/upload\/ANILCA-Electronic-Version.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/locations\/alaska\/upload\/ANILCA-Electronic-Version.pdf<\/a> (1980).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR54\">The Boldt Decision. Justia <a href=\"https:\/\/law.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/appellate-courts\/F2\/520\/676\/271775\/\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/law.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/appellate-courts\/F2\/520\/676\/271775\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/law.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/appellate-courts\/F2\/520\/676\/271775\/<\/a> (1975).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR55\">Sovereign relations on the west coast. NOAA Fisheries <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fisheries.noaa.gov\/west-coast\/partners\/sovereign-relations-west-coast\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/www.fisheries.noaa.gov\/west-coast\/partners\/sovereign-relations-west-coast\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.fisheries.noaa.gov\/west-coast\/partners\/sovereign-relations-west-coast<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR56\">Federal Subsistence Board. 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