{"id":100488,"date":"2026-05-29T00:16:12","date_gmt":"2026-05-29T00:16:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/100488\/"},"modified":"2026-05-29T00:16:12","modified_gmt":"2026-05-29T00:16:12","slug":"evropa-prorezava-hory-a-prekracuje-more-sen-o-transkontinentalni-zeleznici","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/100488\/","title":{"rendered":"Evropa \u201epro\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1 hory a p\u0159ekra\u010duje mo\u0159e\u201c: Sen o transkontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eeleznici."},"content":{"rendered":"

Po stalet\u00ed byla topografie nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou evropsk\u00e9 dopravy. Vysok\u00e9 horsk\u00e9 p\u00e1sma, jako jsou Alpy a Baltsk\u00e9 mo\u0159e, slou\u017eily jako p\u0159irozen\u00e9 hranice, odd\u011bluj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1rody a komunity. Nyn\u00ed se v\u0161ak Evropa pou\u0161t\u00ed do bezprecedentn\u00edho z\u00e1vodu v infrastruktu\u0159e: hloub\u00ed hory a mo\u0159e, aby postavila \u201esupertunely\u201c pro \u017eeleznice s nad\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee zcela prom\u011bn\u00ed dopravn\u00ed krajinu kontinentu.<\/p>\n

C\u00edlem Evropy nen\u00ed jen zkr\u00e1tit dobu cestov\u00e1n\u00ed. Vzhledem ke zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu a rostouc\u00edmu tlaku na sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed chce Evropsk\u00e1 unie (EU) p\u0159esunout cestuj\u00edc\u00ed od kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch let\u016f k vysokorychlostn\u00ed \u017eeleznici \u2013 druhu dopravy, kter\u00fd je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za v\u00fdrazn\u011b ekologi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V posledn\u00edch letech se v Evrop\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161il trend d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 vlakov\u00e9 dopravy. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed trasy vysokorychlostn\u00edch vlak\u016f se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed st\u00e1le popul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi, z Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ee do Mil\u00e1na, z V\u00eddn\u011b do Ben\u00e1tek, z Berl\u00edna do Kodan\u011b. Rozvoj t\u00e9to s\u00edt\u011b je v\u0161ak st\u00e1le omezen slo\u017eit\u00fdm ter\u00e9nem Evropy.<\/p>\n

Na rozd\u00edl od letadel, kter\u00e1 snadno p\u0159ekon\u00e1vaj\u00ed hory a mo\u0159e, si vlaky mus\u00ed naj\u00edt zp\u016fsoby, jak se v nich orientovat. Proto se realizuje \u0159ada rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch infrastrukturn\u00edch projekt\u016f s celkov\u00fdmi investicemi dosahuj\u00edc\u00edmi des\u00edtek, ba i stovek miliard USD.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1vod p\u0159es Alpy<\/p>\n

Alpy historicky v\u017edy p\u0159edstavovaly p\u0159irozenou bari\u00e9ru mezi severn\u00ed a ji\u017en\u00ed Evropou. Od 18. stolet\u00ed museli severoevrop\u0161t\u00ed \u0161lechtici cestuj\u00edc\u00ed do It\u00e1lie p\u0159ekon\u00e1vat tyto zr\u00e1dn\u00e9 horsk\u00e9 pr\u016fsmyky v ko\u0148sk\u00fdch povozech nebo palank\u00fdnech, doprov\u00e1zeni m\u00edstn\u00edmi pr\u016fvodci.<\/p>\n

Koncem 19. a za\u010d\u00e1tkem 20. stolet\u00ed za\u010dala Evropa stav\u011bt sv\u00e9 prvn\u00ed transalpsk\u00e9 \u017eeleznice. Projekty jako Simplonsk\u00fd tunel byly pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e9 z\u00e1zraky sv\u00e9 doby. Aby se v\u0161ak zkr\u00e1tila d\u00e9lka tunel\u016f, byly tyto trat\u011b \u010dasto um\u00edst\u011bny ve vysok\u00fdch nadmo\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch, co\u017e nutilo vlaky stoupat po strm\u00fdch a klikat\u00fdch kolej\u00edch zr\u00e1dn\u00fdm ter\u00e9nem. <\/p>\n

\"alpy.png\" Alpy ji\u017e dlouho tvo\u0159ily jasnou hranici mezi zem\u011bmi, ale evropsk\u00e1 \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed revoluce se sna\u017e\u00ed tyto p\u0159irozen\u00e9 bari\u00e9ry p\u0159ekonat. Foto: NurPhoto\/Getty Images<\/p>\n

Dnes se mnoho z t\u011bchto star\u00fdch horsk\u00fdch \u017eeleznic stalo obl\u00edben\u00fdmi turistick\u00fdmi<\/a> destinacemi d\u00edky sv\u00e9 \u00fachvatn\u00e9 scen\u00e9rii. Pro modern\u00ed dopravu v\u0161ak st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji odhaluj\u00ed mnoh\u00e1 omezen\u00ed: pomalou rychlost, n\u00edzkou kapacitu a zranitelnost v\u016f\u010di sn\u011bhu, sesuv\u016fm p\u016fdy a extr\u00e9mn\u00edmu po\u010das\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zvolen\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm je pou\u017eit\u00ed \u201ez\u00e1kladn\u00edch tunel\u016f\u201c \u2013 tunel\u016f um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch ve v\u00fdrazn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch nadmo\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch ne\u017e star\u00e9 trat\u011b. To umo\u017e\u0148uje vlak\u016fm jezdit rychleji, \u0161et\u0159it energii a v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161ovat p\u0159epravn\u00ed kapacitu. <\/p>\n

\"tunel Gotthardsk\u00fd p\u00e1t\u00fd tunel v\u00fdrazn\u011b zkr\u00e1til dobu cestov\u00e1n\u00ed na ru\u0161n\u00e9 trase Curych-Mil\u00e1n. Foto: EPA\/Shutterstock<\/p>\n

Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem je Gotthardsk\u00fd patn\u00ed tunel ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku, kter\u00fd byl otev\u0159en v roce 2016 s celkovou investic\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 11,3 miliardy dolar\u016f. S d\u00e9lkou p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 57 km je v sou\u010dasnosti nejdel\u0161\u00edm \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edm tunelem na sv\u011bt\u011b<\/a> . Tento projekt, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na trati Curych-Mil\u00e1n, zkracuje dobu j\u00edzdy mezi ob\u011bma m\u011bsty z p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 4 hodin na 2 hodiny a 30 minut. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 nov\u00e1 tra\u0165 v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uje kapacitu n\u00e1kladn\u00ed dopravy mezi severn\u00ed Evropou a It\u00e1li\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u00dasp\u011bch \u0160v\u00fdcarska inspiroval mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed. V Rakousku je projekt Brennersk\u00e9ho \u00fapatn\u00edho tunelu spojuj\u00edc\u00edho Innsbruck s italsk\u00fdm Bolzanem pova\u017eov\u00e1n za jeden z nejambici\u00f3zn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch projekt\u016f. Po dokon\u010den\u00ed v roce 2032 tento p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 55 km dlouh\u00fd tunel zkr\u00e1t\u00ed dobu cestov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi ob\u011bma m\u011bsty ze dvou hodin na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 50 minut. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Po stalet\u00ed byla topografie nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou evropsk\u00e9 dopravy. Vysok\u00e9 horsk\u00e9 p\u00e1sma, jako jsou Alpy a Baltsk\u00e9 mo\u0159e, slou\u017eily…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":100489,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[3],"tags":[829,29877,109,108,106,571,29878,4838,29879],"class_list":["post-100488","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-evropa","tag-alpy","tag-dopravni-infrastruktura","tag-europa","tag-europe","tag-evropa","tag-evropska-unie","tag-megaprojekt","tag-vysokorychlostni-zeleznice","tag-zelena-doprava"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116654989951061227","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100488","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=100488"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100488\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/100489"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=100488"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=100488"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=100488"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}