{"id":101284,"date":"2026-05-29T16:34:16","date_gmt":"2026-05-29T16:34:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/101284\/"},"modified":"2026-05-29T16:34:16","modified_gmt":"2026-05-29T16:34:16","slug":"polovinu-iranskeho-rozpoctu-plati-cina-vymenou-za-ropu-usa-jen-prihlizeji","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/101284\/","title":{"rendered":"Polovinu \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho rozpo\u010dtu plat\u00ed \u010c\u00edna v\u00fdm\u011bnou za ropu, USA jen p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017eej\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zhruba sedmdes\u00e1t kilometr\u016f od malajsijsk\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed vzniklo jedno z\u00a0nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u00edst sv\u011btov\u00e9ho obchodu s\u00a0ropou, o\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e se ofici\u00e1ln\u011b t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nemluv\u00ed. Investigativn\u00ed report\u00e1\u017e den\u00edku The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) <\/a>popisuje oblast Eastern Outer Port Limits (EOPL, zjednodu\u0161en\u011b oblast v\u00fdchodn\u011b od singapursk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00edch vod) jako n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed \u0161edou z\u00f3nu, kde se na otev\u0159en\u00e9m mo\u0159i setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed tankery p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed sankcionovanou \u00edr\u00e1nskou ropu. Lod\u011b zakr\u00fdvaj\u00ed sv\u00e1 jm\u00e9na, p\u0159et\u00edraj\u00ed identifika\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla, vyp\u00ednaj\u00ed sledovac\u00ed syst\u00e9my a\u00a0p\u0159ekl\u00e1daj\u00ed n\u00e1klad z\u00a0jedn\u00e9 paluby na druhou. C\u00edlem je zast\u0159\u00edt p\u016fvod ropy d\u0159\u00edv, ne\u017e zam\u00ed\u0159\u00ed do \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch rafineri\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b tento syst\u00e9m podle WSJ vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d se \u00cdr\u00e1nu navzdory americk\u00e9mu tlaku st\u00e1le da\u0159\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1vat tvrdou m\u011bnu. Washington se roky sna\u017e\u00ed omezit p\u0159\u00edjmy re\u017eimu z\u00a0v\u00fdvozu ropy, ale Teher\u00e1n si vybudoval rozs\u00e1hlou s\u00ed\u0165 tanker\u016f, kryc\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed a\u00a0prost\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f, d\u00edky nim\u017e dok\u00e1\u017ee sv\u016fj nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed export pos\u00edlat d\u00e1l. V\u00a0praxi nejde o\u00a0jednotliv\u00e9 pa\u0161er\u00e1ck\u00e9 operace, ale o\u00a0funguj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed logistiku, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed pravidla, servisn\u00ed z\u00e1zem\u00ed i\u00a0zaveden\u00e9 trasy.<\/p>\n

Zamazat n\u00e1zev, vypnout transpond\u00e9r<\/p>\n

Report\u00e9\u0159i WSJ se v\u00a0kv\u011btnu vydali do oblasti u\u00a0Malajsie na \u010dlunu a\u00a0sledovali jednu z\u00a0takov\u00fdch p\u0159ekl\u00e1dac\u00edch operac\u00ed. Americk\u00fdmi \u00fa\u0159ady sankcionovan\u00fd tanker Catalina\u00a07 tam podle listu p\u0159ed\u00e1val ropu men\u0161\u00edmu plavidlu, jeho\u017e jm\u00e9no bylo zakryt\u00e9 \u010dernou barvou. Mezi lod\u011bmi visely velk\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 fendry, aby se p\u0159i pohybu vln vz\u00e1jemn\u011b nepo\u0161kodily, pos\u00e1dky pracovaly na palub\u011b v\u00a0helm\u00e1ch a\u00a0oran\u017eov\u00fdch vest\u00e1ch. P\u0159ekl\u00e1dka se prov\u00e1d\u00ed pomoc\u00ed mohutn\u00e9 hadice a\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee trvat od jednoho po n\u011bkolik dn\u016f. V\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se takto p\u0159esune i\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e milion barel\u016f ropy najednou.<\/p>\n

\"Evropa<\/a>Evropa vy\u010dk\u00e1v\u00e1 a netvo\u0159\u00ed si plynov\u00e9 z\u00e1soby na zimu. Norsko se stav\u00ed do role zachr\u00e1nce a otev\u00edr\u00e1 star\u00e9 vrty<\/a><\/p>\n

Takov\u00e9 lod\u011b tvo\u0159\u00ed to, \u010demu experti \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed st\u00ednov\u00e1 flotila. Jde \u010dasto o\u00a0star\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0technicky opot\u0159ebovan\u00e9 tankery s\u00a0nepr\u016fhledn\u00fdm vlastnictv\u00edm registrovan\u00e9 pod vlajkami zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nad jejich provozem vykon\u00e1vaj\u00ed jen omezen\u00fd dohled. Lod\u011b b\u00fdvaj\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 jen obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b nebo v\u016fbec, m\u011bn\u00ed jm\u00e9na, vlastn\u00edky i\u00a0registraci a\u00a0pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u0159adu klamav\u00fdch praktik. Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je vyp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed transpond\u00e9r\u016f, d\u00edky nim\u017e by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 sledovat jejich polohu.<\/p>\n

\u00cdr\u00e1n spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na podobn\u00e1 plavidla u\u00a0t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho sv\u00e9ho v\u00fdvozu ropy. V\u00fdsledek je pro re\u017eim z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. Podle americk\u00e9 kongresov\u00e9 komise pro ekonomick\u00e9 a\u00a0bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed vztahy s\u00a0\u010c\u00ednou z\u00edskal Teher\u00e1n v\u00a0lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce z\u00a0prodeje ropy do \u010c\u00edny p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 31\u00a0miliard dolar\u016f. Peking tak odebral asi 90\u00a0procent \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 ropy prodan\u00e9 do zahrani\u010d\u00ed a\u00a0tyto p\u0159\u00edjmy m\u011bly tvo\u0159it kolem 45\u00a0procent \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tn\u00edho rozpo\u010dtu.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna je proto pro \u00cdr\u00e1n hlavn\u00ed ekonomickou z\u00e1chrannou s\u00edt\u00ed. P\u0159ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem nov\u00e9 americk\u00e9 blok\u00e1dy dov\u00e1\u017eela z\u00a0\u00cdr\u00e1nu zhruba 1,4\u00a0milionu barel\u016f ropy denn\u011b, tedy asi dvan\u00e1ct procent sv\u00e9ho celkov\u00e9ho ropn\u00e9ho importu. V\u00fdhodou pro \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 odb\u011bratele je ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed cena. \u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 ropa se kv\u016fli sankc\u00edm prod\u00e1v\u00e1 se slevou proti sv\u011btov\u00fdm cen\u00e1m, co\u017e z\u00a0n\u00ed d\u011bl\u00e1 atraktivn\u00ed surovinu zejm\u00e9na pro men\u0161\u00ed soukrom\u00e9 rafinerie v\u00a0\u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch provinci\u00edch \u0160an-tung a Liao-ning.<\/p>\n

Dovoz z\u00a0\u00cdr\u00e1nu? To ned\u011bl\u00e1me, tvrd\u00ed \u010c\u00edna<\/p>\n

Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed statistiky p\u0159itom tento obchod nezachycuj\u00ed. \u010c\u00edna od roku 2022 nevykazuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd dovoz \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 ropy. Analytici v\u0161ak upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1st tok\u016f se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 pod dovozem z\u00a0Malajsie \u010di Indon\u00e9sie. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 celn\u00ed data za prvn\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce roku uk\u00e1zala dovoz 126\u00a0milion\u016f barel\u016f ropy z\u00a0Malajsie a\u00a0102\u00a0milion\u016f barel\u016f z\u00a0Indon\u00e9sie, co\u017e p\u0159evy\u0161uje re\u00e1ln\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed kapacity t\u011bchto zem\u00ed. Podle odborn\u00edk\u016f proto tato \u010d\u00edsla slou\u017e\u00ed jako nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fd ukazatel objemu \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 ropy, kter\u00e1 se p\u0159es jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do \u010c\u00edny.<\/p>\n

\"\u00da\u017eina<\/a>\u00da\u017eina nad v\u0161echny prachy sv\u011bta. Jak m\u016f\u017ee zav\u0159en\u00fd Hormuz rozleptat americkou nadvl\u00e1du<\/a><\/p>\n

EOPL se staly kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm m\u00edstem cel\u00e9 trasy. Oblast le\u017e\u00ed mimo malajsijsk\u00e9 teritori\u00e1ln\u00ed vody, ale v\u00a0jej\u00ed v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b, co\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u011b nejednozna\u010dn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Vody jsou relativn\u011b klidn\u00e9, poloha je v\u00fdhodn\u00e1 mezi \u00cdr\u00e1nem a\u00a0\u010c\u00ednou a\u00a0v\u00a0okol\u00ed se d\u00e1 dlouhodob\u011b kotvit. Tanker nalo\u017een\u00fd v\u00a0\u00cdr\u00e1nu sem dopluje, p\u0159ed\u00e1 ropu jin\u00e9mu plavidlu a\u00a0to pak pokra\u010duje do \u010c\u00edny. P\u0159ekl\u00e1dka z\u00e1rove\u0148 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 odd\u011blit n\u00e1klad od sankcionovan\u00e9 lodi a\u00a0sni\u017euje riziko pro \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstav, kter\u00fd tanker p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Malajsijsk\u00e1 pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed str\u00e1\u017e p\u0159\u00edtomnost t\u011bchto lod\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed, tvrd\u00ed v\u0161ak, \u017ee mo\u017enosti z\u00e1sahu jsou omezen\u00e9. Plavidla \u010dasto operuj\u00ed mimo p\u0159\u00edmou jurisdikci zem\u011b, p\u0159esouvaj\u00ed se podle tlaku \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f a\u00a0vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed klamav\u00e9 taktiky. Malajsie nav\u00edc automaticky neprosazuje jednostrann\u00e9 sankce Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a\u00a0nem\u00e1 neomezen\u00e9 kapacity pro n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dohled. P\u0159esto letos zadr\u017eela v\u00edce ne\u017e des\u00edtku lod\u00ed kv\u016fli neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9mu kotven\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Rozsah aktivit u\u00a0Malajsie ov\u0161em rychle roste. Podle organizace United Against Nuclear Iran se po\u010det zaznamenan\u00fdch p\u0159ekl\u00e1dek z\u00a0lodi na lo\u010f v\u00a0oblasti EOPL mezi lety 2023 a\u00a02025 v\u00edce ne\u017e zdvojn\u00e1sobil, z\u00a0280 na 679. Server TankerTrackers.com odhaduje, \u017ee b\u011bhem posledn\u00edho roku putovalo z\u00a0\u00cdr\u00e1nu do \u010c\u00edny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm st\u00ednov\u00e9 flotily zhruba 1,4\u00a0milionu barel\u016f denn\u011b.<\/p>\n

USA jsou na lod\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00e9<\/p>\n

Kolem tanker\u016f postupn\u011b vznikl cel\u00fd podp\u016frn\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m. Proto\u017ee sankcionovan\u00e9 lod\u011b nemohou snadno vplouvat do b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed plavidla, oprav\u00e1rensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby i\u00a0lod\u011b dov\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed palivo. Do oblasti p\u0159iplouvaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 men\u0161\u00ed \u010dluny, kter\u00e9 pos\u00e1dk\u00e1m prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed cigarety, alkohol \u010di dal\u0161\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed. Jeden z\u00a0expert\u016f citovan\u00fdch WSJ popsal oblast jako mal\u00e9 centrum n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edho bezpr\u00e1v\u00ed, kde se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 cel\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la metod ur\u010den\u00fdch k\u00a0zakryt\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti lod\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Trump<\/a>Trump na\u0161el slab\u00e9 m\u00edsto k propa\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed americk\u00e9ho LNG do Evropy. Potichu odtud posiluje vliv nad kontinentem<\/a><\/p>\n

Americk\u00e1 administrativa se v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed tlak vystup\u0148ovat. Vedle nov\u00fdch sankc\u00ed na tankery a\u00a0\u010d\u00ednskou ropnou infrastrukturu nasadila i\u00a0vojensk\u00e9 prost\u0159edky a\u00a0provedla z\u00e1sahy proti n\u011bkolika lod\u00edm v\u00a0Indick\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu. Zadr\u017eena m\u011bla b\u00fdt i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed plavidla napojen\u00e1 na \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fd obchod. Probl\u00e9m je, \u017ee postih jednotliv\u00fdch tanker\u016f \u010dasto neznamen\u00e1 konec jejich aktivit. Lod\u011b mohou zm\u011bnit jm\u00e9no, vlajku, registrovan\u00e9ho vlastn\u00edka a\u00a0po \u010dase se vr\u00e1tit na stejnou trasu.<\/p>\n

Ukazuje to i\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad tankeru Nora, kter\u00fd letos v\u00a0lednu zadr\u017eely malajsijsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady p\u0159i p\u0159ekl\u00e1dce \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 ropy. Po zaplacen\u00ed pokuty byla lo\u010f propu\u0161t\u011bna. Podle satelitn\u00edch dat se n\u00e1sledn\u011b objevila u\u00a0\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho ropn\u00e9ho termin\u00e1lu Charg<\/a>, pot\u00e9 znovu zam\u00ed\u0159ila k\u00a0Malajsii a\u00a0pod\u00edlela se na dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ekl\u00e1dce sm\u011brem k\u00a0\u010c\u00edn\u011b. Kdy\u017e ji report\u00e9r WSJ v\u00a0kv\u011btnu zahl\u00e9dl na mo\u0159i, m\u011bla p\u0159et\u0159en\u00e9 jm\u00e9no i\u00a0identifika\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo a\u00a0vypnut\u00fd sledovac\u00ed sign\u00e1l. Nedokonal\u00fd n\u00e1t\u011br v\u0161ak umo\u017enil lo\u010f dalekohledem rozpoznat.<\/p>\n

Boj se st\u00ednovou flotilou proto p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 nekone\u010dnou hru na schov\u00e1vanou. Podle energetick\u00e9 analytick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti Vortexa se mimo dosah blok\u00e1dy st\u00e1le nach\u00e1zej\u00ed des\u00edtky milion\u016f barel\u016f \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 ropy, kter\u00e9 mohou re\u017eimu v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159in\u00e9st miliardov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 trv\u00e1 n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, ne\u017e ropa dopluje do \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f a\u00a0ne\u017e \u00cdr\u00e1n dostane zaplaceno. I\u00a0kdyby se tedy tok nov\u00e9 ropy do\u010dasn\u011b zastavil, pen\u00edze za ji\u017e vyvezen\u00fd n\u00e1klad mohou do Teher\u00e1nu proudit je\u0161t\u011b dlouho.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Zhruba sedmdes\u00e1t kilometr\u016f od malajsijsk\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed vzniklo jedno z\u00a0nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u00edst sv\u011btov\u00e9ho obchodu s\u00a0ropou, o\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e se ofici\u00e1ln\u011b t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nemluv\u00ed.…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":101285,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[11],"tags":[202,808,11456,849,205,30035,2059,2045,54,1887,24156,53,52],"class_list":["post-101284","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-cina","tag-iran","tag-malajsie","tag-obchod","tag-ropa","tag-ruska-stinova-flotila","tag-sankce","tag-sud","tag-svet","tag-teheran","tag-the-wall-street-journal","tag-world","tag-world-news"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116658836096248889","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101284","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=101284"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101284\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/101285"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=101284"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=101284"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=101284"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}