Evropa ztr\u00e1c\u00ed pozice na glob\u00e1ln\u00edch trz\u00edch. Krom\u011b \u00fastupu v africk\u00fdch tendrech roste tlak asijsk\u00e9 konkurence a n\u016f\u017eky se rozev\u00edraj\u00ed i v oblasti velk\u00fdch investi\u010dn\u00edch celk\u016f, co\u017e je pro evropsk\u00e9 export\u00e9ry velk\u00fdm varov\u00e1n\u00edm. \u201e\u010cesk\u00e1 iniciativa chce poprv\u00e9 propojit exportn\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed s evropsk\u00fdm rozpo\u010dtem a vr\u00e1tit firm\u00e1m konkurenceschopnost,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u0161\u00e9f EGAP David Havl\u00ed\u010dek o ambici\u00f3zn\u00edm pl\u00e1nu, kter\u00fd v Bruselu prosazuje.<\/p>\n
Evropa ztr\u00e1c\u00ed konkurenceschopnost a na glob\u00e1ln\u00edch trz\u00edch ustupuje zem\u00edm, jako je \u010c\u00edna nebo USA. EGAP tomu chce \u010delit takzvanou \u010ceskou iniciativou. Jak p\u0159esn\u011b?<\/p>\n
Poj\u010fme si nejprve p\u0159ipomenout re\u00e1l\u00adnou situaci. Lze ji ilustrovat na datech o v\u00fdvoji pod\u00edlu velk\u00fdch investor\u016f v Africe, takzvan\u00fdch EPC kontraktor\u016f, tedy firem, kter\u00e9 realizuj\u00ed cel\u00e9 investi\u010dn\u00ed celky. Pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na 250 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch t\u011bchto kontraktor\u016f, v roce 2010 byl pod\u00edl Evropy a \u010c\u00edny shodn\u00fd, ob\u011b strany m\u011bly p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 30 procent. Situace se o deset let pozd\u011bji v\u00fdrazn\u011b zm\u011bnila: v roce 2020 klesl pod\u00edl Evropy na 20 procent, zat\u00edmco pod\u00edl \u010c\u00edny vzrostl na 60 procent.<\/p>\n
A tomuto trendu m\u00e1 zabr\u00e1nit \u010cesk\u00e1 iniciativa?<\/p>\n
Ano, a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nejen v Africe. Jej\u00edm c\u00edlem je v ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bt k tomu, aby se tyto n\u016f\u017eky za\u010daly op\u011bt postupn\u011b uzav\u00edrat. Jde o snahu odstranit p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky, na kter\u00e9 nar\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 exportn\u00ed \u00fav\u011brov\u00e9 agentury p\u0159i podpo\u0159e export\u00e9r\u016f. Jsou v z\u00e1sad\u011b t\u0159i. Prvn\u00ed jsou kapacitn\u00ed limity, tedy situace, kdy jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 projekty p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e9 nebo jsou pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed zem\u011b u\u017e vy\u010derpan\u00e9. Druh\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem je cenov\u00e1 konkurenceschopnost, zejm\u00e9na ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s asijsk\u00fdmi nab\u00eddkami. T\u0159et\u00edm je nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 propojen\u00ed exportn\u00edho a rozvojov\u00e9ho financov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 tyto zem\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u011b kombinuj\u00ed. Nejde ale jen o \u010c\u00ednu, silnou konkurenci p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed i Ji\u017en\u00ed Korea, Japonsko nebo Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n
Jak konkr\u00e9tn\u011b m\u016f\u017ee Evropa situaci zm\u011bnit?<\/p>\n
Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed je odstranit zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 omezen\u00ed. Kl\u00ed\u010dem je syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 zm\u011bna na \u00farovni Evropsk\u00e9 unie, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 ukotvit roli exportn\u00edch \u00fav\u011brov\u00fdch agentur v nov\u00e9m evropsk\u00e9m rozpo\u010dtu. Iniciativu v tomto sm\u011bru \u010cesko prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm EGAP aktivn\u011b prosazuje u\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e rok a postupn\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 podporu dal\u0161\u00edch \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f i evropsk\u00fdch instituc\u00ed. Navrhujeme jejich zapojen\u00ed do n\u00e1stroj\u016f, jako je p\u0159ipravovan\u00fd program Global Europe nebo Evropsk\u00fd fond pro konkurenceschopnost. Tyto n\u00e1stroje by umo\u017enily sd\u00edlet riziko na evropsk\u00e9 \u00farovni a v\u00fdrazn\u011b pos\u00edlit kapacitu podpory exportu.<\/p>\n
Kdy by ke zm\u011bn\u011b pravidel m\u011blo doj\u00edt?<\/p>\n
\u010cesk\u00e1 iniciativa by se m\u011bla st\u00e1t sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed nast\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed 2028\u20132034. Nez\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1me ale jen u syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho n\u00e1vrhu, paraleln\u011b jedn\u00e1me s Evropskou investi\u010dn\u00ed bankou o pilotn\u00edm projektu, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 ov\u011b\u0159it praktick\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to spolupr\u00e1ce v praxi.<\/p>\n
Kdy se rozb\u011bhne?<\/p>\n
Dohodu s Evropskou investi\u010dn\u00ed bankou bychom cht\u011bli uzav\u0159\u00edt v \u0159\u00e1du t\u00fddn\u016f. Pokud v\u0161e p\u016fjde podle pl\u00e1nu, projekt by mohl za\u010d\u00edt u\u017e v pr\u016fb\u011bhu l\u00e9ta. P\u016fjde o v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed pilotn\u00ed projekt tohoto typu v Evrop\u011b, kter\u00fd prob\u011bhne u n\u00e1s a poslou\u017e\u00ed jako model pro dal\u0161\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci mezi exportn\u00edmi agenturami a Evropskou investi\u010dn\u00ed bankou. Z tohoto pohledu jde o v\u00fdznamn\u00fd krok nejen pro EGAP, ale i pro \u010ceskou republiku.<\/p>\n
\u0160\u00e9f EGAP David Havl\u00ed\u010dek | Zdroj: Michael Tome\u0161<\/p>\n
David Havl\u00ed\u010dek<\/p>\n
V Exportn\u00ed garan\u010dn\u00ed a poji\u0161\u0165ovac\u00ed spole\u010dnosti (EGAP) p\u016fsob\u00ed p\u0159es 10 let. P\u0159edsedou p\u0159edstavenstva je od b\u0159ezna 2023.<\/p>\n
O jak velk\u00fd objem prost\u0159edk\u016f pro firmy jde?<\/p>\n
Podle p\u0159ipravovan\u00e9 studie pro Evropskou komisi by se mohlo jednat a\u017e o rozmez\u00ed 10 a\u017e 15 miliard eur v r\u00e1mci evropsk\u00e9ho rozpo\u010dtu na roky 2028\u20132034. Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed: evropsk\u00e9 exportn\u00ed \u00fav\u011brov\u00e9 agentury dnes podporuj\u00ed export v objemu zhruba 50 miliard eur ro\u010dn\u011b. V maximalistick\u00e9m sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i by tak mohlo doj\u00edt d\u00edky p\u00e1kov\u00e9mu efektu garanc\u00ed a\u017e k t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zdvojn\u00e1soben\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho objemu podpory. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b EGAP to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159i sou\u010dasn\u00e9 podpo\u0159e kolem 40 miliard korun ro\u010dn\u011b by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 tento objem v\u00fdrazn\u011b nav\u00fd\u0161it a\u017e o vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed miliardy korun. Pokud se poda\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1stroj pln\u011b rozvinout, m\u016f\u017ee j\u00edt o z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bnu v mo\u017enostech podpory evropsk\u00e9ho exportu. A Evropa tak bude moci za\u010d\u00edt z\u00edsk\u00e1vat zp\u011bt ztracen\u00e9 pozice na glob\u00e1ln\u00edm trhu.<\/p>\n
Co by se d\u00edky tomu mohlo zm\u011bnit v praxi?<\/p>\n
Pokud nap\u0159\u00edklad \u010desk\u00fd export\u00e9r p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed s velk\u00fdm projektem, kter\u00fd p\u0159esahuje na\u0161e kapacity, m\u016f\u017eeme d\u00edky zapojen\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 investi\u010dn\u00ed banky (EIB) sd\u00edlet \u010d\u00e1st rizika. Pokud z n\u011bj p\u0159evezme nap\u0159\u00edklad 50 procent, jsme schopni podpo\u0159it projekty dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00e9ho objemu. Podobn\u011b to funguje i u limit\u016f pro jednotliv\u00e1 teritoria. P\u0159enesen\u00edm \u010d\u00e1sti rizika na evropskou \u00farove\u0148 se tyto limity uvol\u0148uj\u00ed a m\u016f\u017eeme podpo\u0159it dal\u0161\u00ed projekty, kter\u00e9 by jinak nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 realizovat. Zcela kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos pro firmy ale spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve financov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n
V \u010dem konkr\u00e9tn\u011b?<\/p>\n
U exportn\u00edch \u010di rozvojov\u00fdch projekt\u016f nese finan\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1klady kone\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1kazn\u00edk v c\u00edlov\u00e9 zemi, kter\u00fd typicky vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 bankovn\u00ed \u00fav\u011br a hrad\u00ed \u00faroky i pojistnou sazbu. Pokud se do struktury zapoj\u00ed EIB, doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rizikov\u00e9 n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti financov\u00e1n\u00ed. To n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje nab\u00eddnout ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed pojistnou sazbu a celkov\u011b v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed podm\u00ednky. V\u00fdsledkem je levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed pro zahrani\u010dn\u00edho odb\u011bratele, co\u017e p\u0159\u00edmo zvy\u0161uje konkurenceschopnost \u010desk\u00fdch export\u00e9r\u016f v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch tendrech a p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 i k rozvojov\u00fdm c\u00edl\u016fm. Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed m\u00edra zlevn\u011bn\u00ed se bude li\u0161it podle struktury financov\u00e1n\u00ed a rizikov\u00e9ho profilu projektu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Evropa ztr\u00e1c\u00ed pozice na glob\u00e1ln\u00edch trz\u00edch. Krom\u011b \u00fastupu v africk\u00fdch tendrech roste tlak asijsk\u00e9 konkurence a n\u016f\u017eky se…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":101679,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[3],"tags":[926,42,202,29680,29679,109,108,106,8039,8038,476,137,113,2803],"class_list":["post-101678","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-evropa","tag-afrika","tag-cesko","tag-cina","tag-david-havlicek","tag-egap","tag-europa","tag-europe","tag-evropa","tag-evropska-investicni-banka","tag-exportni-garancni-a-pojistovaci-spolecnost","tag-projekt","tag-rozpocet","tag-usa","tag-vyvoz"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116662079531049855","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101678","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=101678"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101678\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/101679"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=101678"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=101678"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=101678"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}