{"id":101812,"date":"2026-05-30T07:54:13","date_gmt":"2026-05-30T07:54:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/101812\/"},"modified":"2026-05-30T07:54:13","modified_gmt":"2026-05-30T07:54:13","slug":"pad-o-99-jak-to-ze-lithiove-baterie-stoji-pouhy-zlomek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/101812\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u00e1d o\u00a099\u00a0%. Jak to, \u017ee lithiov\u00e9 baterie stoj\u00ed pouh\u00fd zlomek"},"content":{"rendered":"

V roce 2025\u00a0se na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b prodalo p\u0159es 20\u00a0milion\u016f<\/a> elektrick\u00fdch automobil\u016f. V\u011bt\u0161ina z\u00a0nich st\u00e1la kolem 40\u00a0tis\u00edc dolar\u016f (cca 900\u00a0tis\u00edc korun), n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 modely ale klesly a\u017e k\u00a0hranici 10\u00a0tis\u00edc dolar\u016f<\/a>. Ceny elektrick\u00fdch aut a\u00a0aut se spalovac\u00edm motorem se tak\u00e9 pomalu srovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed a\u00a0na n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo trz\u00edch, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0\u010c\u00edn\u011b, u\u017e jsou oba typy vozidel v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru srovnateln\u011b drah\u00e9<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou zm\u011bny je jedin\u00e9: pokles ceny bateri\u00ed. Jejich cena od uveden\u00ed na trh klesla v\u00a0p\u0159epo\u010dtu na jednotku ulo\u017een\u00e9 energie (tedy na kapacitu) na zlomek p\u016fvodn\u00ed hodnoty\u00a0\u2013 prakticky na 1\u00a0% p\u016fvodn\u00ed ceny, ukazuj\u00ed \u00fadaje sesb\u00edran\u00e9 serverem Our World in Data<\/a>.<\/p>\n

V roce 1991\u00a0st\u00e1la jedna kilowatthodina kapacity lithium-iontov\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku kolem 9\u00a0200\u00a0dolar\u016f<\/a>. V\u00a0roce 2025\u00a0to bylo 78\u00a0dolar\u016f<\/a>, tedy pokles o\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e 99\u00a0%. Aby to bylo n\u00e1zorn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed: bateriov\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edm b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m elektromobilu s\u00a0dojezdem kolem 350\u00a0a\u017e 400\u00a0kilometr\u016f stoj\u00ed zhruba 5\u00a0tis\u00edc dolar\u016f<\/a> (n\u011bco p\u0159es 100\u00a0tis\u00edc korun)\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0to mysl\u00edme jen chemick\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky bez chladic\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, kabel\u00e1\u017ee a\u00a0\u0159\u00eddic\u00ed elektroniky. <\/p>\n

P\u0159ed deseti lety by stejn\u00e1 baterie p\u0159i\u0161la na v\u00edce ne\u017e 20\u00a0tis\u00edc dolar\u016f (n\u011bjak\u00fdch 430\u00a0tis\u00edc korun)\u00a0\u2013 tedy tolik, kolik dnes na n\u011bkter\u00fdch trz\u00edch stoj\u00ed i\u00a0kompletn\u00ed elektromobily st\u0159edn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy. A\u00a0v roce 1991\u00a0by jen samotn\u00fd z\u00e1klad baterie vy\u0161el na necel\u00fdch 600\u00a0tis\u00edc dolar\u016f (tj. v\u00edce ne\u017e 12\u00a0milion\u016f korun).<\/p>\n

Foto: \u0160imon, Seznam Zpr\u00e1vy<\/p>\n

V\u00fdvoj cen lithiov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed<\/p>\n

Na vysv\u011btlenou bychom m\u011bli \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch 78\u00a0dolar\u016f za kilowatthodinu je cena samotn\u00e9ho bateriov\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku\u00a0\u2013 hol\u00e9 elektrochemie bez obalu. Od \u010dl\u00e1nku k\u00a0funk\u010dn\u00edmu produktu vede ale je\u0161t\u011b pom\u011brn\u011b dlouh\u00e1 cesta.<\/p>\n

Ov\u0161em ne a\u017e tak drah\u00e1: bateriov\u00fd \u201epack\u201c, kter\u00fd zahrnuje moduly, \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed elektroniku (BMS), chlazen\u00ed a\u00a0ochrann\u00fd obal, st\u00e1l v\u00a0roce 2025\u00a0v\u00a0glob\u00e1ln\u00edm pr\u016fm\u011bru kolem 99\u00a0dolar\u016f za kWh, uv\u00e1d\u00ed Bloomberg NEF<\/a>.<\/p>\n

P\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fd a\u00a0nep\u0159edv\u00eddan\u00fd pokles<\/p>\n

V roce 1936\u00a0publikoval americk\u00fd leteck\u00fd in\u017een\u00fdr Theodore Paul Wright \u010dl\u00e1nek s\u00a0nen\u00e1padn\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem \u201eFaktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed cenu letadel\u201c<\/a>. Wright si p\u0159i studiu v\u00fdroby v\u00a0z\u00e1vodech Curtiss-Wright v\u0161iml zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pravidelnosti: poka\u017ed\u00e9, kdy\u017e se celkov\u00fd po\u010det vyroben\u00fdch letadel zdvojn\u00e1sobil, n\u00e1klady na pracovn\u00ed s\u00edlu klesly o\u00a010\u00a0a\u017e 15\u00a0%. Ne jednor\u00e1zov\u011b, ale opakovan\u011b, s\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00fdm dal\u0161\u00edm zdvojn\u00e1soben\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Wright\u016fv z\u00e1kon \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 n\u011bco p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b prost\u00e9ho: u\u010d\u00edme se prax\u00ed. A\u00a0tempo tohoto zlev\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pro danou technologii pozoruhodn\u011b konstantn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

U lithium-iontov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed \u010din\u00ed toto tempo\u00a0\u2013 odborn\u011b \u201elearning rate\u201c\u00a0\u2013 zhruba 19\u00a0%<\/a>. Jin\u00fdmi slovy: poka\u017ed\u00e9, kdy\u017e se glob\u00e1ln\u00ed kumulativn\u00ed v\u00fdroba bateri\u00ed zdvojn\u00e1sob\u00ed, cena klesne p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o\u00a0p\u011btinu. U\u00a0sol\u00e1rn\u00edch panel\u016f je to kolem 20\u00a0%<\/a>. Ob\u011b technologie si jsou v\u00a0tomto ohledu n\u00e1padn\u011b podobn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina z\u00a0n\u00e1s zn\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e Moor\u016fv z\u00e1kon\u00a0\u2013 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed Gordona Moora z\u00a0roku 1965, \u017ee po\u010det tranzistor\u016f na \u010dipu se zdvojn\u00e1sob\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b ka\u017ed\u00e9 dva roky. Wright\u016fv z\u00e1kon nab\u00edz\u00ed hlub\u0161\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed: ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u201eza dva roky to bude dvakr\u00e1t lep\u0161\u00ed\u201c, ale \u201ekdy\u017e vyrob\u00edme dvakr\u00e1t tolik, bude to o\u00a0X procent levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed\u201c. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou pokroku nen\u00ed b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00ed \u010das, ale akumulovan\u00e1 zku\u0161enost.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Jak uk\u00e1zali v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci Fran\u00e7ois Lafond a\u00a0Doyne Farmer, oba z\u00e1kony \u010dasto d\u00e1vaj\u00ed stejn\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi<\/a>, pokud v\u00fdroba roste exponenci\u00e1ln\u011b, co\u017e u\u00a0\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch technologi\u00ed b\u00fdv\u00e1 pravidlem. Wright\u016fv z\u00e1kon ale l\u00e9pe zachycuje situace, kdy se tempo v\u00fdroby zm\u011bn\u00ed, a\u00a0hlavn\u011b nemate n\u00e1\u0161 mozek \u010dasov\u00fdm \u00fadajem\u00a0\u2013 ve skute\u010dnosti nejde tolik o\u00a0\u010das, ale o\u00a0to, kolik zku\u0161enost\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1me, a\u00a0to z\u00e1vis\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e na po\u010dtu vyroben\u00fdch kus\u016f.<\/p>\n

To, \u017ee byl z\u00e1kon zn\u00e1m\u00fd, ov\u0161em neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee si jeho d\u016fsledky v\u017edy uv\u011bdomuje, p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 i\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad bateri\u00ed. Je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0roce 2010\u00a0naprost\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina energetick\u00fdch progn\u00f3z fat\u00e1ln\u011b podcenila tempo zlev\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sol\u00e1rn\u00edch panel\u016f i\u00a0bateri\u00ed. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed energetick\u00e1 agentura opakovan\u011b p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dala, \u017ee sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie z\u016fstane drah\u00e1, a\u00a0realita jej\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi opakovan\u011b p\u0159edb\u00edhala<\/a>. Lid\u00e9 exponenci\u00e1ln\u00ed procesy systematicky podce\u0148uj\u00ed, a\u00a0pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je Wright\u016fv z\u00e1kon tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd\u00a0\u2013 nejde o\u00a0neomylnou v\u011b\u0161tbu, ale jako pom\u016fcku pro na\u0161i p\u0159irozenou (a v\u00a0\u0159ad\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f nep\u0159esnou) intuici.<\/p>\n

Jak je asi jasn\u00e9, z\u00e1kon nen\u00ed platn\u00fd v\u017edy a\u00a0v\u0161eobecn\u011b. Ne\u0159\u00edd\u00ed se j\u00edm v\u0161echny technologie\u00a0\u2013 n\u011bkter\u00e9 se prost\u011b nevyr\u00e1b\u00ed v\u00a0dostate\u010dn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed, existuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e1 fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed omezen\u00ed a \u201edno\u201c dan\u00e9 cenou materi\u00e1lu atd. I\u00a0pokles ceny bateri\u00ed dan\u00fd u\u010den\u00edm z\u00a0masov\u00e9 v\u00fdroby se tedy n\u011bkdy zastav\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Foto: \u0160imon, Seznam Zpr\u00e1vy<\/p>\n

Pokles cen lithium-iontov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed s\u00a0rozstouc\u00edm objemem jejich sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00fdroby<\/p>\n

Chemici d\u011blaj\u00ed, co um\u00ed<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm faktorem, kter\u00fd p\u0159isp\u011bl ke sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed cen, byly zm\u011bny v\u00a0samotn\u00e9 baterii. To jsou v\u00a0principu velmi jednoduch\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed: lithiov\u00e9 ionty se p\u0159i vyb\u00edjen\u00ed st\u011bhuj\u00ed od z\u00e1porn\u00e9 elektrody (anody) ke kladn\u00e9 (katod\u011b) a\u00a0po cest\u011b konaj\u00ed pr\u00e1ci. P\u0159i nab\u00edjen\u00ed cestuj\u00ed zp\u011bt. Kl\u00ed\u010dem k\u00a0v\u00fdkonu, cen\u011b i\u00a0bezpe\u010dnosti baterie je p\u0159itom p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm materi\u00e1l katody\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0pr\u00e1v\u011b ten pro\u0161el za t\u0159i dek\u00e1dy pozoruhodnou evoluc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e Sony v\u00a0roce 1991\u00a0uvedlo prvn\u00ed komer\u010dn\u00ed<\/a> lithium-iontov\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek, katoda byla vyrobena z\u00a0oxidu lithno-kobaltnat\u00e9ho (LCO). Skv\u011bl\u00e1 hustota energie, ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro malou elektroniku, ale kobalt je drah\u00fd, toxick\u00fd a\u00a0t\u011b\u017e\u00ed se za pochybn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek v\u00a0Kongu. Pro automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, kde pot\u0159ebujete des\u00edtky kilogram\u016f katodov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu m\u00edsto n\u011bkolika gram\u016f, to bylo ne\u00fanosn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1sledoval p\u0159echod k\u00a0takzvan\u00fdm NMC katod\u00e1m (nikl-mangan-kobalt), kter\u00e9 kobalt \u0159ed\u00ed levn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi prvky, a\u00a0k NCA (nikl-kobalt-hlin\u00edk), na kter\u00e9 vsadila Tesla. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 generace p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ela jin\u00fd kompromis mezi hustotou energie, \u017eivotnost\u00ed, bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed a\u00a0cenou. Paraleln\u011b prob\u00edhaly stovky drobn\u00fdch inovac\u00ed na stran\u011b anody, elektrolytu, separ\u00e1toru i\u00a0samotn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobn\u00edch proces\u016f: od p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed elektrodov\u00fdch vrstev po sofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed su\u0161en\u00ed a\u00a0formov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

A pak p\u0159i\u0161el\u00a0\u2013 \u010di sp\u00ed\u0161e se vr\u00e1til\u00a0\u2013 lithium-\u017eelezo-fosf\u00e1t, zn\u00e1m\u00fd pod zkratkou LFP. Tato katodov\u00e1 chemie existovala u\u017e od konce 90.\u00a0let, ale dlouho byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za m\u00e9n\u011bcennou: ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hustota energie znamenala t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed baterie a\u00a0krat\u0161\u00ed dojezd. Jen\u017ee LFP neobsahuje kobalt ani nikl, je levn\u00fd, bezpe\u010dn\u00fd a\u00a0extr\u00e9mn\u011b dlouhov\u011bk\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e \u010d\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed v\u00fdrobci v\u00a0\u010dele s\u00a0CATL a\u00a0BYD dot\u00e1hli technologii k\u00a0dosp\u011blosti a\u00a0vy\u0159e\u0161ili \u010d\u00e1st probl\u00e9mu s\u00a0hustotou energie chyt\u0159ej\u0161\u00edm designem bateriov\u00fdch \u201epack\u016f\u201c, LFP se stal kr\u00e1lem levn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch elektromobil\u016f. \u201ePosun z\u00a0chemie NMC na LFP byl nap\u0159\u00edklad u\u00a0elektromobil\u016f hlavn\u00ed p\u00e1kou pro sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f a\u00a0p\u0159inesl sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed cen o\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159etinu,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Martin Sl\u00e1de\u010dek ze spole\u010dnosti KPMG.<\/p>\n

Jen t\u0159ikr\u00e1t, ale i\u00a0to je dost<\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1v\u011br se je\u0161t\u011b zastavme u\u00a0jedn\u00e9 str\u00e1nky v\u00fdvoje bateri\u00ed, kter\u00e1 nezm\u011bnila ani tak cenu, ale mo\u017enosti jej\u00edho praktick\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed a\u00a0nasazen\u00ed ano.<\/p>\n

U zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 prvn\u00ed baterie od Sony v\u00a0roce 1991\u00a0se do jednoho kilogramu baterie \u201eve\u0161lo\u201c zhruba 80\u00a0watthodin<\/a> elektrick\u00e9 energie. Dne\u0161n\u00ed komer\u010dn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky na b\u00e1zi NMC dosahuj\u00ed kolem 270\u2013300\u00a0Wh\/kg<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Na prvn\u00ed pohled je trojn\u00e1sobn\u00e9 zlep\u0161en\u00ed za 30\u00a0let mal\u00e9\u00a0\u2013 zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0t\u00edm, jak se za stejnou dobu zm\u011bnil v\u00fdkon procesor\u016f, nebo kapacita pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch \u010dip\u016f. Jen\u017ee elektrochemie se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed jin\u00fdmi pravidly ne\u017e polovodi\u010dov\u00e1 fyzika. Hustota energie baterie je v\u00a0kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku limitov\u00e1na t\u00edm, kolik elektron\u016f dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed atomy elektrodov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f p\u0159ijmout a\u00a0odevzdat a\u00a0jak\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159itom vznik\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Tyto limity jsou dan\u00e9 chemicky, povahou chemick\u00fdch vazeb. Na rozd\u00edl od \u010dip\u016f tak nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 d\u00edly prost\u011b \u201ezmen\u0161it\u201c a\u00a0v\u00fdkon se zv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 procento nav\u00edc si proto vy\u017e\u00e1dalo spoustu pr\u00e1ce p\u0159i pozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed krystalov\u00fdch struktur v\u00a0bateri\u00edch, vylep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed elektrolyt\u016f a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch aspekt\u016f.<\/p>\n

Praktick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky jsou ov\u0161em z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. Bateriov\u00fd \u201epack\u201c elektromobilu o\u00a0kapacit\u011b 60\u201380\u00a0kWh dnes v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed kolem 400\u2013500\u00a0kilogram\u016f. Kdyby se hustota energie od roku 1991\u00a0nezm\u011bnila, v\u00e1\u017eil by stejn\u00fd komponent p\u0159es tunu a\u00a0p\u016fl\u00a0\u2013 tedy v\u00edc ne\u017e cel\u00fd mal\u00fd osobn\u00ed automobil. Pr\u00e1v\u011b kombinace klesaj\u00edc\u00ed ceny a\u00a0rostouc\u00ed hustoty energie vytvo\u0159ila prostor, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e se elektromobily staly re\u00e1ln\u00fdm produktem, a\u00a0ne laboratorn\u00ed kuriozitou.<\/p>\n

P\u0159esto je sou\u010dasn\u00fdch 250\u2013300\u00a0Wh\/kg na \u00farovni \u010dl\u00e1nku st\u00e1le jen zlomkem toho, co nab\u00edz\u00ed benz\u00edn\u00a0\u2013 ten m\u00e1 gravimetrickou hustotu energie kolem 12\u00a0tis\u00edc Wh\/kg<\/a>. Spalovac\u00ed motor sice z\u00a0tohoto potenci\u00e1lu vyu\u017eije jen asi \u010dtvrtinu (zbytek odch\u00e1z\u00ed jako teplo), ale i\u00a0tak je pom\u011br st\u00e1le v\u00fdrazn\u011b ve prosp\u011bch fosiln\u00edho paliva. Elektromotor je sice efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ale fyzika je ne\u00faprosn\u00e1: aby nab\u00eddla stejn\u00fd dojezd, mus\u00ed m\u00edt baterie jednodu\u0161e v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hmotnost ne\u017e benz\u00edn v\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ei.<\/p>\n

U osobn\u00edch aut je dne\u0161n\u00ed technologie ji\u017e dostate\u010dn\u00e1\u00a0\u2013 baterie sice p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed na hmotnosti, ale v\u00fdsledek je \u201edost dobr\u00fd\u201c pro praktick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed. U\u00a0n\u00e1kladn\u00edch vozidel je situace slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed: ka\u017ed\u00fd kilogram baterie nav\u00edc znamen\u00e1 o\u00a0kilogram n\u00e1kladu m\u00e9n\u011b, a\u00a0proto se pln\u00e1 elektrizace d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 kamionov\u00e9 dopravy se sou\u010dasn\u00fdmi lithium-iontov\u00fdmi bateriemi st\u00e1le obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b prosazuje<\/a>.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Na nejtvrd\u0161\u00ed limit pochopiteln\u011b nar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed letectv\u00ed. Pro elektrifikaci region\u00e1ln\u00edch let\u016f do 500\u00a0kilometr\u016f odborn\u00edci odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee by baterie pot\u0159ebovaly dos\u00e1hnout p\u0159es 400\u00a0Wh\/kg na \u00farovni cel\u00e9 baterie<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 co\u017e je hodnota o\u00a0des\u00edtky procent v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edch bateri\u00ed (ty nejlep\u0161\u00ed s\u00e9riov\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 maj\u00ed n\u011bco p\u0159es 250\u00a0Wh\/kg). Pln\u011b elektrick\u00e9 dopravn\u00ed letadlo na del\u0161\u00ed trat\u011b by pak vy\u017eadovalo baterie s\u00a0energetickou \u201ehustotou\u201c kolem 600\u2013800\u00a0Wh\/kg, tedy technologii, kter\u00e1 zat\u00edm existuje jen v\u00a0laborato\u0159\u00edch<\/a>.<\/p>\n

V n\u011bkter\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch tato vlastnost nasazen\u00ed bateri\u00ed nijak neomezuje. T\u0159eba u\u00a0velk\u00fdch dom\u00e1c\u00edch \u010di s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed na hmotnosti p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 jsou cena, \u017eivotnost a\u00a0bezpe\u010dnost. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se v\u00a0tomto segmentu tak prosadily LFP baterie s\u00a0ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hustotou energie, ale v\u00fdrazn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed cenou a\u00a0del\u0161\u00ed \u017eivotnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Co p\u0159ijde d\u00e1l<\/p>\n

P\u0159edem si \u0159ekn\u011bme, \u017ee dal\u0161\u00ed radik\u00e1ln\u00ed zlev\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed samotn\u00fdch lithiov\u00fdch bateriov\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f\u00a0\u2013 tedy chemick\u00fdch \u201est\u0159ev\u201c bateri\u00ed, ve kter\u00fdch se skladuje elekt\u0159ina\u00a0\u2013 bude pochopiteln\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9. Dal\u0161\u00ed pokles ceny bude pomalej\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee se st\u00e1le v\u00edce bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed cenov\u00e9mu dnu dan\u00e9mu cenou materi\u00e1l\u016f. Do budoucna ov\u0161em mohou (ale nemus\u00ed) v\u00edce zlev\u0148ovat dal\u0161\u00ed komponenty, kter\u00e9 b\u00fdvaj\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed cel\u00e9 baterie\u00a0\u2013 od elektroniky, p\u0159es chladic\u00ed syst\u00e9my a\u017e t\u0159eba po st\u0159\u00edda\u010de.<\/p>\n

Pokles tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee n\u011bjakou dobu pokra\u010dovat jen \u201e\u00fa\u010detn\u011b\u201c. Cel\u00fd obor posedla metrika \u201edolar\u016f za kilowatthodinu \u010dl\u00e1nku\u201c, m\u00e1 tendenci optimalizovat pr\u00e1v\u011b toto \u010d\u00edslo a\u00a0m\u00e9n\u011b viditeln\u00e9 n\u00e1klady p\u0159esouvat do jin\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed kontraktu. Odborn\u00edci na evropsk\u00e9m trhu proto rad\u00ed d\u00edvat se v\u017edy na celkovou cenu syst\u00e9mu v\u010detn\u011b instalace, ne na l\u00e1kav\u00e9 titulkov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo.<\/p>\n

Lithium-iontov\u00e9 baterie budou rozhodn\u011b dominovat je\u0161t\u011b \u0159adu let, ale na obzoru se r\u00fdsuj\u00ed i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed technologie. Nejbl\u00ed\u017ee masov\u00e9mu nasazen\u00ed jsou sod\u00edkov\u00e9 (Na-ion) baterie. CATL, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00fd v\u00fdrobce bateri\u00ed, v\u00a0roce 2025\u00a0spustil<\/a> jejich s\u00e9riovou v\u00fdrobu pod zna\u010dkou Naxtra<\/a> a\u00a0v roce 2026\u00a0pl\u00e1nuje \u0161irok\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed v\u00a0elektromobilech i\u00a0stacion\u00e1rn\u00edch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Hustota energie je sice ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u\u00a0lithia, ale pro m\u011bstsk\u00e1 auta a\u00a0s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b to m\u016f\u017ee bohat\u011b sta\u010dit. Sod\u00edk je ov\u0161em v\u00fdrazn\u011b levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e lithium a\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee tedy ceny bateri\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b o\u00a0n\u011bco srazit\u00a0\u2013 rozhodn\u011b ne u\u017e o\u00a099\u00a0procent, ale o\u00a0n\u011bjak\u00e9 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed des\u00edtky procent mo\u017en\u00e1 ano. I\u00a0proto, \u017ee sod\u00edkov\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky se podle \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch firem daj\u00ed vyr\u00e1b\u011bt na prakticky stejn\u00fdch link\u00e1ch jako lithiov\u00e9, tak\u017ee \u201ed\u011bd\u00ed\u201c t\u0159i dek\u00e1dy v\u00fdrobn\u00edho know-how a\u00a0nemus\u00ed proch\u00e1zet ranou f\u00e1z\u00ed u\u010d\u00edc\u00ed k\u0159ivky od nuly.<\/p>\n

Na vzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00edm horizontu pak stoj\u00ed pevnol\u00e1tkov\u00e9 (solid-state) baterie, kter\u00e9 slibuj\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u00fd skok v\u00a0hustot\u011b energie a\u00a0bezpe\u010dnosti. Toyota, Samsung SDI a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed investuj\u00ed miliardy, ale masov\u00e1 v\u00fdroba se opakovan\u011b odkl\u00e1d\u00e1. Jsme tu sp\u00ed\u0161e ve f\u00e1zi, v\u00a0jak\u00e9 bylo Sony s\u00a0lithiov\u00fdmi \u010dl\u00e1nky po\u010d\u00e1tkem 90.\u00a0let\u00a0\u2013 na sam\u00e9m za\u010d\u00e1tku k\u0159ivky, s\u00a0velk\u00fdm potenci\u00e1lem i\u00a0velk\u00fdmi nejistotami.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"V roce 2025\u00a0se na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b prodalo p\u0159es 20\u00a0milion\u016f elektrick\u00fdch automobil\u016f. V\u011bt\u0161ina z\u00a0nich st\u00e1la kolem 40\u00a0tis\u00edc dolar\u016f (cca…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":101813,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[12],"tags":[1102,67,68,252,133,3200,13972],"class_list":["post-101812","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-byznys","tag-baterie","tag-business","tag-byznys","tag-elektromobilita","tag-elektromobily-ev","tag-lithium","tag-lithium-iontove-baterie"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116662453326565816","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101812","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=101812"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101812\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/101813"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=101812"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=101812"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=101812"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}