{"id":102673,"date":"2026-05-31T09:01:19","date_gmt":"2026-05-31T09:01:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/102673\/"},"modified":"2026-05-31T09:01:19","modified_gmt":"2026-05-31T09:01:19","slug":"pod-carou-papez-ai-neodmita-problem-je-sobectvi-a-honba-za-ziskem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/102673\/","title":{"rendered":"Pod \u010darou: Pape\u017e AI neodm\u00edt\u00e1. Probl\u00e9m je sobectv\u00ed a\u00a0honba za ziskem"},"content":{"rendered":"

V newsletteru Pod \u010darou popisuje ka\u017edou sobotu Matou\u0161 Hrdina spole\u010densk\u00e9 trendy, kter\u00e9 sice v\u00edd\u00e1me v\u0161ude kolem sebe, ale v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edlivu ka\u017edodenn\u00edho zpravodajstv\u00ed trochu zanikaj\u00ed mezi \u0159\u00e1dky. Pokud v\u00e1s uk\u00e1zka zaujme, p\u0159ihlaste se k\u00a0odb\u011bru<\/a> pln\u00e9 verze newsletteru.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se rozto\u010d\u00ed nov\u00e9 kolo bou\u0159liv\u00e9 debaty mezi technologick\u00fdmi optimisty a\u00a0kritiky, v\u011bt\u0161inou za to m\u016f\u017ee uveden\u00ed nov\u00e9ho AI modelu \u010di potrhl\u00fd projev n\u011bkter\u00e9ho z\u00a0l\u00eddr\u016f Silicon Valley. Tentokr\u00e1t ale diskuzi trochu ne\u010dekan\u011b rozpoutala nov\u00e1 encyklika pape\u017ee Lva XIV., Magnifica Humanitas<\/a>, ve kter\u00e9 hlava katol\u00edk\u016f up\u0159es\u0148uje a\u00a0rozv\u00edj\u00ed c\u00edrkevn\u00ed doktr\u00edny v\u00a0oblasti nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed a\u00a0um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence.<\/p>\n

S\u00edt\u011b v\u00a0posledn\u00edch dnech zaplavily divok\u00e9 v\u00fdk\u0159iky o\u00a0tom, \u017ee pape\u017e kritizuje AI nebo proti um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligenci rovnou vyhl\u00e1sil k\u0159\u00ed\u017eovou v\u00fdpravu, a\u00a0mnoz\u00ed dokonce spekulovali, \u017ee katol\u00edci te\u010f budou moci z\u00a0n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f odm\u00edtat pou\u017e\u00edvat AI.<\/p>\n

Nad\u0161en\u00ed a\u00a0vzru\u0161en\u00e9 reakce jsou pochopiteln\u00e9. Probl\u00e9m ov\u0161em je, \u017ee rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd dokument nejsp\u00ed\u0161 drtiv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed v\u016fbec ne\u010detla a\u00a0m\u00edsto toho spol\u00e9hala na r\u016fzn\u00e9 chytlav\u00e9 \u00fatr\u017eky<\/a> koluj\u00edc\u00ed po s\u00edt\u00edch nebo si encykliku rovnou nechala shrnout chatbotem. Text je to skute\u010dn\u011b s\u00e1hodlouh\u00fd, ale i\u00a0tak se vyplat\u00ed mu v\u011bnovat p\u00e1r hodin pozornosti. Zjist\u00edme toti\u017e, \u017ee nic z\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho v\u00a0n\u011bm Lev XIV. ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 ani nenazna\u010duje\u00a0\u2013 naopak zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee se nevymezuje proti technologi\u00edm jako takov\u00fdm a\u00a0\u017ee AI m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem.<\/p>\n

Encyklika sice nese podtitul \u201eO ochran\u011b lidsk\u00e9 osobnosti v\u00a0\u010dasech um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence\u201c, ale samotn\u00e9 AI se v\u011bnuje jen v\u00a0men\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti a\u00a0vlastn\u011b o\u00a0n\u00ed ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 nic, co bychom je\u0161t\u011b nesly\u0161eli. Jej\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e1 hodnota le\u017e\u00ed jinde\u00a0\u2013 prvn\u00ed \u201eamerick\u00fd\u201c pape\u017e v\u00a0n\u00ed p\u0159ehledn\u011b shrnuje v\u0161echny hlavn\u00ed argumenty kritik\u016f technologick\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu, celou debatu zasazuje do mnohem \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho spole\u010densko-ekonomick\u00e9ho r\u00e1mce a\u00a0nab\u00edz\u00ed velmi konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed a\u00a0radik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch glob\u00e1ln\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e1 dalece p\u0159esahuj\u00ed ban\u00e1ln\u00ed postoje typu \u201ezaka\u017eme AI\u201c.<\/p>\n

Stolet\u00ed boj\u016f za pr\u00e1ci a\u00a0d\u016fstojnost<\/p>\n

Mnoh\u00e9 zkreslen\u00e9 reakce na encykliku jist\u011b vych\u00e1zej\u00ed i\u00a0ze stereotypn\u00edho dojmu, \u017ee katolick\u00e1 c\u00edrkev je nenapraviteln\u011b konzervativn\u00ed a\u00a0zp\u00e1te\u010dnickou organizac\u00ed. P\u0159edstava pape\u017ee glosuj\u00edc\u00edho ot\u00e1zky um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence tak p\u016fsob\u00ed jaksi paradoxn\u011b a\u00a0vede k\u00a0p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee novoty typu AI mus\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd biskup z\u00e1konit\u011b pran\u00fd\u0159ovat. Minim\u00e1ln\u011b na poli technologi\u00ed a\u00a0jejich dopad\u016f na spole\u010dnost to ale rozhodn\u011b neplat\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Lev XIV. to vysv\u011btluje v\u00a0\u00favodu encykliky, kter\u00fd nejsp\u00ed\u0161 v\u011bt\u0161ina glos\u00e1tor\u016f p\u0159esko\u010dila, ale pro pochopen\u00ed cel\u00e9 v\u011bci je dost z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. Sv\u00e9 pape\u017esk\u00e9 jm\u00e9no si kardin\u00e1l Prevost loni zvolil s\u00a0odkazem na pape\u017ee Lva XIII., kter\u00fd v\u00a0roce 1891\u00a0v\u00a0encyklice Rerum Novarum<\/a> za\u010dal \u0159e\u0161it ot\u00e1zky pr\u00e1ce a\u00a0soci\u00e1ln\u00edch zm\u011bn vyvolan\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslovou revoluc\u00ed a\u00a0formuloval novou soci\u00e1ln\u00ed doktr\u00ednu c\u00edrkve, kterou pak rozv\u00edjeli i\u00a0jeho n\u00e1sledovn\u00edci.<\/p>\n

Poslechn\u011bte si audioverzi newsletteru na\u010dtenou autorem.<\/p>\n

Ony \u201enov\u00e9 v\u011bci\u201c (res novae) u\u017e na konci 19.\u00a0stolet\u00ed rozhodn\u011b nov\u00fdmi nebyly. C\u00edrkev je za\u010dala \u0159e\u0161it doslova s\u00a0k\u0159\u00ed\u017ekem po funuse, a\u00a0jak te\u010f otev\u0159en\u011b konstatuje Lev XIV., bylo to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm proto, \u017ee v\u00a0nov\u00fdch dramatick\u00fdch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch konfliktech uvid\u011bla p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost pro misijn\u00ed \u010dinnost a\u00a0z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch ove\u010dek. Logicky se tak postavila na stranu vyko\u0159is\u0165ovan\u00fdch a\u00a0pracuj\u00edc\u00edch a\u00a0za\u010dala kritizovat bezuzdnou honbu za ziskem na \u00fakor ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho blaha. Od t\u00e9 doby na socioekonomick\u00e9 zm\u011bny reaguje ji\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b pru\u017en\u011bji a\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00fd vstup Vatik\u00e1nu do debaty o\u00a0AI a\u00a0digit\u00e1ln\u00edch technologi\u00edch tak nen\u00ed v\u016fbec p\u0159ekvapiv\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Nikterak nov\u00e9 a\u00a0p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9 nejsou ani n\u00e1zory a\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 Lev XIV. nab\u00edz\u00ed. Obhajobu pr\u00e1v migrant\u016f, siln\u00fd d\u016fraz na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed spravedlnost, odm\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1lky \u010di boj s\u00a0klimatickou kriz\u00ed se dnes \u0159ada konzervativn\u00edch odp\u016frc\u016f sna\u017e\u00ed vykreslovat jako netypickou novotu sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho \u201eprogresivn\u00edho\u201c pape\u017ee \u010di jeho p\u0159edch\u016fdce Franti\u0161ka, ale \u010derstv\u00e1 encyklika p\u0159ehledn\u011b popisuje, \u017ee jde jen o\u00a0rozv\u00edjen\u00ed st\u00e1le stejn\u00e9 doktr\u00edny, jej\u00ed\u017e historie sah\u00e1 hluboko do minulosti.<\/p>\n

\u00dast\u0159edn\u00edm t\u00e9matem Magnifica Humanitas proto nejsou samotn\u00e9 technologie, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ot\u00e1zka jejich dopadu na pr\u00e1ci a\u00a0lidskou d\u016fstojnost. Text opakovan\u011b zd\u016fraz\u0148uje po\u017eadavek na d\u016fstojnou mzdu, bez kter\u00e9 lze t\u011b\u017eko \u017e\u00edt smyslupln\u00fd a\u00a0hodnotn\u00fd \u017eivot, a\u00a0tak\u00e9 proz\u00edrav\u011b konstatuje, \u017ee negativn\u00ed dopady technologi\u00ed na pracuj\u00edc\u00ed nejsou d\u016fsledkem individu\u00e1ln\u00edch selh\u00e1n\u00ed, ale \u0161patn\u00e9ho nastaven\u00ed ekonomick\u00fdch a\u00a0institucion\u00e1ln\u00edch struktur ve spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

\u0158ada lid\u00ed na s\u00edt\u00edch sd\u00edlela pas\u00e1\u017e, kde pape\u017e hl\u00e1s\u00e1, \u017ee lidsk\u00e1 d\u016fstojnost by nem\u011bla b\u00fdt odvozov\u00e1na z\u00a0ekonomick\u00e9 efektivity dan\u00e9ho jedince a\u00a0m\u00e1me na ni n\u00e1rok v\u0161ichni, rovn\u011b a\u00a0bezv\u00fdhradn\u011b. To je jist\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd post\u0159eh, ale je vypov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee tak \u010dasto u\u017e nebyla sd\u00edlena druh\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st argumentu.<\/p>\n

Lev XIV. toti\u017e z\u00e1rove\u0148 konstatuje, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed \u010derp\u00e1 d\u016fstojnost pr\u00e1v\u011b z\u00a0pr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e1 by proto m\u011bla b\u00fdt smyslupln\u00e1, dob\u0159e odm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e1 a\u00a0chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e1. Jen\u017ee mnoho lid\u00ed u\u017e si dnes nejsp\u00ed\u0161 v\u016fbec nedok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159edstavit, \u017ee by takov\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce mohla existovat, a\u00a0jako jedinou alternativu k\u00a0otro\u010din\u011b pod nadvl\u00e1dou technologick\u00fdch korporac\u00ed vid\u00ed nejsp\u00ed\u0161 jen \u017eivot podpo\u0159en\u00fd nepodm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdm z\u00e1kladn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjmem, co\u017e je te\u010f nikoliv n\u00e1hodou v\u00a0Silicon Valley docela popul\u00e1rn\u00ed my\u0161lenka.<\/p>\n

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Zde tak\u00e9 nov\u00e1 encyklika p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed od teorie k\u00a0velmi praktick\u00fdm a\u00a0aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm detail\u016fm. Pape\u017e \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee AI s\u00a0sebou sice nesla p\u0159\u00edslib, \u017ee n\u00e1s zbav\u00ed otravn\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed rutiny, ale ve v\u00fdsledku se pracuj\u00edc\u00ed mus\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsobovat tempu a\u00a0logice stroje m\u00edsto toho, aby se stroj p\u0159izp\u016fsobil jim. To n\u00e1sledn\u011b vede k\u00a0redukci schopnost\u00ed (tzv. deskilling), pracuj\u00edc\u00ed jsou pod invazivn\u00edm digit\u00e1ln\u00edm dohledem, odbavuj\u00ed nez\u00e1\u017eivn\u00e9 repetitivn\u00ed \u00fakony, jsou p\u0159ipravov\u00e1ni o\u00a0agendu a\u00a0iniciativu\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0nic z\u00a0toho se nezm\u011bn\u00ed, dokud budou nov\u00e9 technologie navrhov\u00e1ny s\u00a0ohledem na maximalizaci zisku, a\u00a0nikoliv lidsk\u00fd prosp\u011bch, co\u017e rozhodn\u011b nen\u00ed tot\u00e9\u017e.<\/p>\n

Hlava katol\u00edk\u016f n\u00e1sledn\u011b varuje, \u017ee automatizace nesm\u00ed v\u00e9st k\u00a0plo\u0161n\u00e9mu ru\u0161en\u00ed pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst. Apeluje na boj s\u00a0nezam\u011bstnanost\u00ed a\u00a0podporu odborov\u00fdch organizac\u00ed, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 dod\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee zam\u011bstnanost nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nap\u0159. nutnost\u00ed pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u010danstv\u00ed a\u00a0obecn\u011b podm\u00ednkou lidsk\u00e9 d\u016fstojnosti.<\/p>\n

Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b jsou zmi\u0148ov\u00e1ny nov\u00e9 formy nejist\u00e9, prekarizovan\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce (tzv. gig economy) a\u00a0pape\u017e krom\u011b jin\u00e9ho komentuje t\u0159eba t\u011b\u017ekou a\u00a0\u0161patn\u011b placenou pr\u00e1ci moder\u00e1tor\u016f obsahu\u00a0\u2013 je tu zjevn\u00e9, \u017ee c\u00edrkev se dlouhodob\u011b zam\u011b\u0159uje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na z\u00e1stupy v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch v\u00a0chud\u00fdch zem\u00edch glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu a\u00a0osudy latinskoamerick\u00fdch kur\u00fdr\u016f, kop\u00e1\u010d\u016f v\u00a0dolech na vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 kovy \u010di brig\u00e1dn\u00edk\u016f v\u00a0ke\u0148sk\u00fdch datacentrech jsou pro ni z\u00e1sadn\u00edm t\u00e9matem.<\/p>\n

Mnoz\u00ed koment\u00e1to\u0159i si v\u0161imli, \u017ee se Lev XIV. v\u00a0encyklice omlouv\u00e1 za historick\u00e1 selh\u00e1n\u00ed c\u00edrkve v\u00a0boji s\u00a0otrok\u00e1\u0159stv\u00edm, ale i\u00a0zde je pot\u0159eba doplnit kontext\u00a0\u2013 jde jen o\u00a0\u00favod k\u00a0pas\u00e1\u017ei, kde pape\u017e konstatuje, \u017ee nov\u00e9 technologie s\u00a0sebou p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed i\u00a0nov\u00e9 formy otroctv\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e jde o\u00a0digit\u00e1ln\u00ed obchod s\u00a0b\u00edl\u00fdm masem, nebo zmi\u0148ovan\u00e9 vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed pracuj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00a0nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edch patrech IT pr\u016fmyslu, a\u00a0pr\u00e1v\u011b tam by m\u011bla sm\u011b\u0159ovat pozornost c\u00edrkve, politik\u016f i\u00a0sv\u011btov\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti.<\/p>\n

A kdy\u017e \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee \u201eka\u017ed\u00e9 zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed automatizace a\u00a0AI by m\u011blo b\u00fdt doprov\u00e1zeno ov\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi na ochranu zam\u011bstnanosti, rekvalifikaci a\u00a0participaci d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f, aby tak technologie p\u0159isp\u00edvala k\u00a0rozvoji lidsk\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed a\u00a0voln\u00e9ho \u010dasu, nikoliv k\u00a0rostouc\u00edmu vylou\u010den\u00ed\u201c, je to velmi konkr\u00e9tn\u011b formulovan\u00fd politick\u00fd program, se kter\u00fdm u\u017e ostatn\u011b p\u0159i\u0161li luddit\u00e9 na za\u010d\u00e1tku 19.\u00a0stolet\u00ed<\/a> a\u00a0t\u011b\u017eko proti n\u011bmu jde n\u011bco nam\u00edtnout.<\/p>\n

Komu pat\u0159\u00ed AI?<\/p>\n

Tato argumenta\u010dn\u00ed linka proch\u00e1z\u00ed celou encyklikou a\u00a0pape\u017e ji rozv\u00e1d\u00ed dalece nad r\u00e1mec d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed problematiky pr\u00e1ce a\u00a0zam\u011bstnanosti. Varuje toti\u017e p\u0159ed velmi omezen\u00fdm n\u00e1hledem na v\u011bc, kter\u00fd je v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 debat\u011b bohu\u017eel dost \u010dast\u00fd\u00a0\u2013 do \u00famoru \u0159e\u0161\u00edme, jak\u00e1 jsou rizika AI syst\u00e9m\u016f, jak je l\u00e9pe tr\u00e9novat \u010di pou\u017e\u00edvat, ale p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ot\u00e1zku, kdo a\u00a0pro\u010d dan\u00e9 technologie vlastn\u00ed a\u00a0kontroluje.<\/p>\n

Lev XIV. opakovan\u011b kritizuje koncentraci moci a\u00a0majetku v\u00a0rukou hrstky elit a\u00a0konstatuje, \u017ee zat\u00edmco zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0dopady nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed d\u0159\u00edv do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry kontrolovaly st\u00e1ty, dnes je to ji\u017e zcela v\u00a0rukou mocn\u00fdch soukrom\u00fdch akt\u00e9r\u016f podl\u00e9haj\u00edc\u00edch jen miziv\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 kontrole.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Odvol\u00e1v\u00e1 se na princip v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho ur\u010den\u00ed pozemsk\u00fdch statk\u016f\u00a0\u2013 koncept, dle kter\u00e9ho by m\u011bly b\u00fdt v\u0161echny z\u00e1kladn\u00ed zdroje \u201eod Boha\u201c dostupn\u00e9 k\u00a0u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161em lidem bez rozd\u00edlu a\u00a0nemohou b\u00fdt uzurpov\u00e1ny malou skupinou lid\u00ed za \u00fa\u010delem zisku. V\u00fdslovn\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee c\u00edrkev sice do velk\u00e9 m\u00edry respektuje soukrom\u00e9 vlastnictv\u00ed i\u00a0mo\u017en\u00e9 benefity soukrom\u00e9ho podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, ale princip v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho ur\u010den\u00ed je tomu v\u017edy nad\u0159azen\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0pro jistotu opakuje, \u017ee nejde o\u00a0n\u011bjakou v\u00e1gn\u00ed teologickou teorii, ale ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed c\u00edrkevn\u00ed doktr\u00ednu, kterou prosazovali i\u00a0jeho p\u0159edch\u016fdci a\u00a0vych\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0Bible.<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco d\u0159\u00edve se on\u011bmi pozemsk\u00fdmi statky myslely hlavn\u011b zdroje a\u00a0suroviny typu vody, p\u016fdy, nerost\u016f apod. (ale tak\u00e9 t\u0159eba vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, bydlen\u00ed a\u00a0pr\u00e1ce), Lev XIV. podot\u00fdk\u00e1, \u017ee te\u010f u\u017e si s\u00a0t\u00edm nevysta\u010d\u00edme a\u00a0do t\u00e9to kategorie mus\u00edme za\u0159adit i\u00a0nov\u00e9 formy v\u011bc\u00ed a\u00a0majetku\u00a0\u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad patenty, algoritmy, digit\u00e1ln\u00ed platformy, technologickou infrastrukturu a\u00a0data. Upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee v\u00a0situaci, kdy bohatstv\u00ed st\u00e1t\u016f st\u00e1le v\u00edce z\u00e1vis\u00ed na znalostech a\u00a0technologi\u00edch a\u00a0tyto statky jsou \u010dasto pod kontrolou soukrom\u00fdch firem, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0r\u016fstu nerovnost\u00ed a\u00a0\u0159ada lid\u00ed nem\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0\u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm technologi\u00edm, ale tak\u00e9 t\u0159eba k\u00a0viditelnosti na digit\u00e1ln\u00edch platform\u00e1ch apod.<\/p>\n

Velmi explicitn\u011b tedy tematizuje r\u016fst tzv. digit\u00e1ln\u00edch propast\u00ed (digital divide) mezi n\u00e1rody i\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdmi spole\u010densk\u00fdmi skupinami a\u00a0prosazuje n\u011bco, \u010demu se \u010dasto zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u201epr\u00e1vo na internet\u201c. T\u00edm ale tato \u0161irok\u00e1 kritika technologick\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu nekon\u010d\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 pape\u017e tak\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee velk\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 korporace si d\u011blaj\u00ed neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd monopol na expertizu, data, rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstupu k\u00a0platform\u00e1m a\u00a0jejich ekonomick\u00fdm mo\u017enostem.<\/p>\n

Proto bychom na tomto poli m\u011bli usilovat o\u00a0nez\u00e1vislou kontrolu, transparentn\u00ed algoritmy, mo\u017enost odvol\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0n\u00e1pravy, a\u00a0p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm rovn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0dat\u016fm, kter\u00e1 jsou dnes stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 jako voda \u010di nerostn\u00e9 suroviny\u00a0\u2013 kdy\u017e z\u00e1padn\u00ed IT firmy \u201et\u011b\u017e\u00ed\u201c data v\u00a0chud\u00fdch zem\u00edch a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b je zpen\u011b\u017euj\u00ed, je to tot\u00e9\u017e, jako kdy\u017e tam drancuj\u00ed vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 kovy a\u00a0zisky pak vyv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed do zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Neexistuj\u00edc\u00ed b\u016fh ve stroji<\/p>\n

Pas\u00e1\u017ee o\u00a0dopadech technologi\u00ed na zam\u011bstnanost nebo socioekonomick\u00fdch nerovnostech jsou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed cel\u00e9 encykliky, ale pozornost (trochu ke \u0161kod\u011b v\u011bci) p\u0159it\u00e1hly hlavn\u011b pape\u017eovy my\u0161lenky o\u00a0ochran\u011b unik\u00e1tn\u00ed lidskosti tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0tv\u00e1\u0159 AI. Podle m\u011b jde o\u00a0nejslab\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st dokumentu, proto\u017ee m\u00edsty vych\u00e1z\u00ed ze specifick\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho pohledu na v\u011bc, ale i\u00a0tak se v\u00a0n\u00ed najde \u0159ada zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch post\u0159eh\u016f.<\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm konstatov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee AI a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed nov\u00e9 technologie nejsou neutr\u00e1ln\u00edm n\u00e1strojem, u\u00a0kter\u00e9ho z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed jen na tom, zda je \u201edob\u0159e\u201c, \u010di \u201e\u0161patn\u011b\u201c pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n. Je to popul\u00e1rn\u00ed \u0159e\u010dnick\u00e1 figura mezi lidmi ze Silicon Valley, ale pape\u017e podot\u00fdk\u00e1, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 technologie m\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9m designu zak\u00f3dov\u00e1ny hodnoty a\u00a0n\u00e1zory sv\u00fdch tv\u016frc\u016f a\u00a0majitel\u016f\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tedy p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm honbu za ziskem, a\u00a0nikoliv snahu o\u00a0obecn\u00e9 blaho, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bla m\u00edt prioritu.<\/p>\n

Mimo jin\u00e9 to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee AI nikdy nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u201eneutr\u00e1ln\u00ed\u201c a\u00a0\u201eobjektivn\u00ed\u201c, nato\u017e mor\u00e1ln\u00ed. Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0velk\u00fdch rizik je tu pr\u00e1v\u011b dojem fale\u0161n\u00e9 objektivity AI rozhodnut\u00ed, za kter\u00fdmi se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 odpov\u011bdnost a\u00a0hodnoty konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch jedinc\u016f. Probl\u00e9m za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 u\u017e t\u00edm, \u017ee nad v\u00fdvojem a\u00a0nasazen\u00edm AI a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch technologi\u00ed nem\u00e1me \u0161irokou ve\u0159ejnou kontrolu a\u00a0spolu\u00fa\u010dast. A\u00a0sebemor\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed AI je k\u00a0ni\u010demu, kdy\u017e onu mor\u00e1lku definuje jen hrstka miliard\u00e1\u0159\u016f a\u00a0program\u00e1tor\u016f v\u00a0Kalifornii.<\/p>\n

Z toho tak\u00e9 vych\u00e1z\u00ed \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed biblick\u00e1 metafora encykliky, kde pape\u017e nasti\u0148uje dv\u011b vize budoucnosti. Stavbu Babylonsk\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ee (tedy megalomansk\u00fd projekt slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed jen k\u00a0ukojen\u00ed ambic mocn\u00fdch elit) a\u00a0jako jej\u00ed protiklad budov\u00e1n\u00ed hradeb Jeruzal\u00e9ma (kolektivn\u00ed po\u010din podporuj\u00edc\u00ed obecn\u00e9 blaho).<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

V sou\u010dasnosti dominantn\u00ed \u201ebabylonsk\u00fd\u201c p\u0159\u00edstup vede k\u00a0ob\u011btov\u00e1n\u00ed slab\u0161\u00edch na olt\u00e1\u0159 zisku, pop\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 r\u016fznosti a\u00a0p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm redukci lid\u00ed na data, kter\u00e1 ov\u0161em nikdy nedok\u00e1\u017eou postihnout celou realitu\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0praxi to znamen\u00e1 z\u00e1v\u011bje k\u0159ivd a\u00a0nespravedlnost\u00ed, kdy ne\u010diteln\u00e9 algoritmy rozhoduj\u00ed o\u00a0zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, dostupnosti \u00fav\u011br\u016f, viditelnosti na s\u00edt\u00edch apod.<\/p>\n

Pape\u017e spr\u00e1vn\u011b konstatuje, \u017ee AI syst\u00e9my nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed, osobnost, skute\u010dnou inteligenci a\u00a0p\u0159edstavu o\u00a0realit\u011b, nato\u017e mor\u00e1lku, emoce a\u00a0lidsk\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti. To vede i\u00a0k tomu, \u017ee stroje nemaj\u00ed schopnost soucitu a\u00a0nech\u00e1pou, \u017ee se lid\u00e9 mohou zm\u011bnit k\u00a0lep\u0161\u00edmu bez ohledu na to, co indikuje jejich datov\u00fd profil. Proto d\u016fvodn\u011b pran\u00fd\u0159uje nelidsk\u00e9 a\u00a0hroziv\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed autonomn\u00edch AI syst\u00e9m\u016f na boji\u0161ti a\u00a0tak\u00e9 vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 k\u00a0\u201eodzbrojen\u00ed\u201c (disarm) AI\u00a0\u2013 nemysl\u00ed t\u00edm ov\u0161em jen vojensk\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed AI, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zamezen\u00ed tomu, aby AI slou\u017eila jen jako n\u00e1stroj k\u00a0z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0upev\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed politick\u00e9 a\u00a0ekonomick\u00e9 moci.<\/p>\n

Encyklika velmi podrobn\u011b vyvrac\u00ed v\u00a0Silicon Valley popul\u00e1rn\u00ed ideologii transhumanismu a\u00a0p\u0159edstavy, \u017ee by se lid\u00e9 m\u011bli spojit s\u00a0roboty nebo jimi b\u00fdt dokonce p\u0159ekon\u00e1ni\u00a0\u2013 jen se hod\u00ed dodat, \u017ee je celkem zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 stav\u011bt do opozice k\u00a0nelidsk\u00e9 AI \u00fadajn\u011b unik\u00e1tn\u00ed lidskou osobnost a\u00a0du\u0161i vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed od Boha.<\/p>\n

Cel\u00fd argument toti\u017e m\u016f\u017ee klidn\u011b fungovat i\u00a0bez Boha a\u00a0v\u00edry. I\u00a0kdy\u017e si hezky ateisticky p\u0159ipust\u00edme, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk je jen pytel masa a\u00a0kost\u00ed bez du\u0161e a\u00a0unik\u00e1tn\u00edho v\u011bdom\u00ed, nebo snad dokonce v\u00a0duchu Silicon Valley budeme AI pova\u017eovat za novou formu \u017eivota a\u00a0inteligence, v\u00a0kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku je to naprosto jedno. Principy nerovn\u00e9 distribuce moci, vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0up\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 d\u016fstojnosti budou po\u0159\u00e1d stejn\u00e9. A\u00a0po\u0159\u00e1d tak\u00e9 bude nutn\u00e9 se pt\u00e1t (jako to d\u011bl\u00e1 Lev XIV.), kdo a\u00a0pro\u010d AI modely tr\u00e9nuje a\u00a0kontroluje a\u00a0kdo jim jen bezmocn\u011b podl\u00e9h\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Pozor na sv\u016fdnou idylu<\/p>\n

Nic z\u00a0toho ov\u0161em neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee by AI byla pohledem Vatik\u00e1nu sama o\u00a0sob\u011b \u0161patn\u00e1 \u010di zbyte\u010dn\u00e1\u00a0\u2013 z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed to jen na ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch vlastnictv\u00ed, regulac\u00ed a\u00a0kontroly. Pape\u017e tak k\u00a0nov\u00fdm technologi\u00edm zauj\u00edm\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u011b sm\u00ed\u0159liv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 radik\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stanovisko ne\u017e \u0159ada laick\u00fdch kritik\u016f technologi\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed si nedok\u00e1\u017eou p\u0159edstavit \u017e\u00e1dnou t\u0159et\u00ed cestu mezi tot\u00e1ln\u00ed technologickou dystopi\u00ed a\u00a0bukolickou idylou, ve kter\u00e9 jsme telefony a\u00a0digit\u00e1ln\u00ed platformy up\u00e1lili na hranici a\u00a0ode\u0161li do les\u016f<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Tato alternativn\u00ed mo\u017enost tu st\u00e1le je. P\u0159edstava, \u017ee bychom mohli nov\u00e9 technologie sami kolektivn\u011b navrhovat, spoluvlastnit, kontrolovat a\u00a0nasazovat k\u00a0budov\u00e1n\u00ed obecn\u00e9ho dobra, a\u00a0nikoliv k\u00a0extrakci zisku, ov\u0161em dalece p\u0159esahuje varianty, kter\u00e9 jsou dnes diskutov\u00e1ny v\u00a0lok\u00e1ln\u00ed politice i\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch organizac\u00edch, a\u00a0je tak smutn\u00e9 a\u00a0vypov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee velkou mainstreamovou platformu nach\u00e1z\u00ed a\u017e v\u00a0encyklice katolick\u00e9ho l\u00eddra.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto si Magnifica Humanitas zasluhuje podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159e\u010dten\u00ed, a\u00a0nikoliv jen povrchn\u00ed interpretace, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1m ve v\u00fdsledku mohou mo\u017enosti imaginace sp\u00ed\u0161 z\u00fa\u017eit ne\u017e rozvinout.<\/p>\n

Je pon\u011bkud ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e9, \u017ee Lev XIV. v\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011bru encykliky cituje pas\u00e1\u017e z\u00a0fantasy eposu P\u00e1n prsten\u016f, kde \u010darod\u011bj Gandalf nab\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee si nem\u00e1me bezmocn\u011b zoufat ze stavu sv\u011bta a\u00a0rad\u0161i bychom m\u011bli usilovat o\u00a0d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed zlep\u0161en\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci mo\u017enost\u00ed a\u00a0\u010dasu, kter\u00fd n\u00e1m byl d\u00e1n. Zjevn\u011b t\u00edm cht\u011bl vytrollit<\/a> americk\u00e9ho ultrapravicov\u00e9ho miliard\u00e1\u0159e a\u00a0technologick\u00e9ho investora Petera Thiela, kter\u00fd je zn\u00e1m svou l\u00e1skou k\u00a0J. R. R. Tolkienovi a\u00a0nen\u00e1vist\u00ed k\u00a0Vatik\u00e1nu, ale br\u00e1t si tu na pomoc britsk\u00e9ho katolick\u00e9ho spisovatele je trochu dvouse\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Tolkienovy knihy toti\u017e bez ohledu na sv\u00e9 \u010detn\u00e9 kvality \u010dasto trp\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b onou zjednodu\u0161enou \u010dernob\u00edlou viz\u00ed sv\u011bta, kde jsou d\u00fdmaj\u00edc\u00ed kom\u00edny technologi\u00ed automatick\u00fdm symbolem zla, kde\u017eto nezkalen\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edroda a\u00a0nostalgick\u00e1 selanka hobit\u00ed vesnice vzorem zlat\u00fdch \u010das\u016f, kam se tou\u017e\u00edme vr\u00e1tit. Nic takov\u00e9ho ale ve skute\u010dn\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b nen\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u00e9 ani prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9. Jak pape\u017e upozor\u0148uje v\u00a0jin\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech encykliky, nem\u011bli bychom se obracet do minulosti, ale nov\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm aktivn\u011b \u010delit a\u00a0technologick\u00fd rozvoj formovat ku prosp\u011bchu v\u0161ech.<\/p>\n

Hodnotu \u010dlov\u011bka a\u00a0jeho d\u016fstojnost p\u0159itom v\u016fbec nemus\u00edme odvozovat od Boha a\u00a0n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho vid\u011bn\u00ed sv\u011bta. I\u00a0kdy\u017e je Magnifica Humanitas samoz\u0159ejm\u011b tak\u00e9 chyt\u0159e napsan\u00fdm kusem c\u00edrkevn\u00ed reklamy, nab\u00edz\u00ed krom\u011b moralizov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0etick\u00fdch teori\u00ed spoustu hluboce promy\u0161len\u00fdch a\u00a0p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b detailn\u00edch rad a\u00a0n\u00e1vod\u016f, jak sou\u010dasn\u00e9 krize kolem technologi\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it.<\/p>\n

Aby tento text nebyl del\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e samotn\u00e1 encyklika, rad\u0161i jsem se vyh\u00fdbal p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm citac\u00edm, ale na z\u00e1v\u011br se mo\u017en\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b jedna hod\u00ed: \u201eNesta\u010d\u00ed zd\u016fraz\u0148ovat efektivitu a\u00a0slavit p\u0159\u00ednos inovac\u00ed, pokud jsou postaveny na z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b skryt\u00e9m \u0159et\u011bzci vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Kdy\u017e technologie slibuje osvobozen\u00ed, ale p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed nov\u00e9 formy glob\u00e1ln\u00edho pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, je v\u00a0rozporu se z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi principy lidsk\u00e9 d\u016fstojnosti.\u201c<\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed to plo\u0161n\u00e9 odm\u00edtnut\u00ed technologi\u00ed, ale p\u00e1dn\u00e1 v\u00fdzva, jak je navrhovat a\u00a0nasazovat jinak a\u00a0l\u00e9pe. Te\u010f jen zb\u00fdv\u00e1, aby tento plodn\u00fd sm\u011br debaty pros\u00e1kl i\u00a0za hranice Vatik\u00e1nu a\u00a0kone\u010dn\u011b nahradil zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 potlachy o\u00a0tom, jestli m\u00e1 AI du\u0161i a\u00a0zda to s\u00a0n\u00e1mi chatboti mysl\u00ed dob\u0159e.<\/p>\n

Pokud se v\u00e1m uk\u00e1zka z\u00a0newsletteru Pod \u010darou l\u00edbila, p\u0159ihlaste se k\u00a0odb\u011bru<\/a>. Ka\u017edou sobotu ho dostanete p\u0159\u00edmo do va\u0161eho e-mailu, v\u010detn\u011b tip\u016f na dal\u0161\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 \u010dten\u00ed z\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch i\u00a0zahrani\u010dn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"V newsletteru Pod \u010darou popisuje ka\u017edou sobotu Matou\u0161 Hrdina spole\u010densk\u00e9 trendy, kter\u00e9 sice v\u00edd\u00e1me v\u0161ude kolem sebe, ale…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24384,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[11],"tags":[5729,1935,8734,1529,1929,6986,3106,2236,54,882,126,1928,53,52],"class_list":["post-102673","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-automatizace","tag-katolicka-cirkev","tag-nerovnost","tag-nezamestnanost","tag-papez","tag-papez-lev-xiv","tag-pod-carou","tag-robotizace","tag-svet","tag-technologie","tag-umela-inteligence-ai","tag-vatikan","tag-world","tag-world-news"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116668379232638984","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102673","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=102673"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102673\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24384"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=102673"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=102673"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=102673"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}