{"id":105304,"date":"2026-06-02T18:17:12","date_gmt":"2026-06-02T18:17:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/105304\/"},"modified":"2026-06-02T18:17:12","modified_gmt":"2026-06-02T18:17:12","slug":"prijimacky-na-stredni-skoly-o-cem-se-nemluvi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/105304\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159ij\u00edma\u010dky na st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161koly – o \u010dem se nemluv\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Debata o\u00a0p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00edch zkou\u0161k\u00e1ch na st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161koly se u\u00a0n\u00e1s \u010dasto zu\u017euje na ot\u00e1zky, zda a\u00a0jak testovat, kolik p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161ek povolit a\u00a0jak zvl\u00e1dnout n\u00e1por na elektronick\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ka<\/a> Christophera Neilsona z\u00a0Yaleovy univerzity v\u00a0IDEA p\u0159i CERGE-EI ale p\u0159ipomn\u011bla d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 fenom\u00e9ny.<\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad to, \u017ee zp\u016fsob rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed uchaze\u010d\u016f mezi \u0161koly nen\u00ed pouh\u00fdm technick\u00fdm detailem \u0159e\u0161en\u00fdm podrobn\u00fdm z\u00e1konem a\u00a0je\u0161t\u011b rozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161kou diriguj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bh p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Mechanismus p\u00e1rov\u00e1n\u00ed uchaze\u010d\u016f a\u00a0\u0161kol je toti\u017e n\u00e1strojem ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 politiky s\u00a0velk\u00fdmi dopady na (ne)rovnosti \u0161anc\u00ed mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed, na jejich soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0ekonomickou mobilitu i\u00a0dopady na d\u016fv\u011bru voli\u010d\u016f ve funk\u010dnost demokratick\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed teze zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky byla celkem jednoduch\u00e1: centralizovan\u00e1 digitalizace p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010dek, takov\u00e1, co ned\u00e1vno prob\u011bhla i\u00a0u n\u00e1s, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed velk\u00e9 v\u00fdhody, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nov\u00e1 rizika nerovnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdhody jsou z\u0159ejm\u00e9: elektronick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, pota\u017emo digitalizace, \u0161et\u0159\u00ed \u010das rodin\u00e1m i\u00a0\u0161kol\u00e1m, sni\u017euje n\u00e1roky na administrativu, usnad\u0148uje koordinaci a\u00a0omezuje prostor pro nekal\u00e9 z\u00e1kulisn\u00ed rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed. Je\u0161t\u011b na ja\u0159e roku 2023\u00a0museli rodi\u010de b\u011bhat z\u00a0jedn\u00e9 fronty p\u0159ed \u0161kolou ke druh\u00e9 a\u00a0za sv\u00e9 ratolesti \u010dasto pod\u00e1vali p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161ky dost \u201enaslepo\u201c. Dnes p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010dky prob\u00edhaj\u00ed mnohem efektivn\u011bji a\u00a0transparentn\u011bji.<\/p>\n

Digitalizace ale p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed tak\u00e9 m\u00e9n\u011b viditeln\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. Kdy\u017e je syst\u00e9m moc slo\u017eit\u00fd, profituj\u00ed z\u00a0n\u011bj informovan\u00e9 rodiny. Peripetie rodi\u010dovsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdb\u011bru a\u00a0\u0159azen\u00ed \u0161kol se i\u00a0proto sna\u017e\u00edme polopaticky vysv\u011btlit v\u00a0osv\u011btov\u00e9m videu<\/a>. Ve skute\u010dnosti v\u0161ak nejde jen o\u00a0informovanost. V\u00fdhodu z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed rodiny, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed \u010das, vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, digit\u00e1ln\u00ed dovednosti a\u00a0soci\u00e1ln\u00ed kontakty. Dok\u00e1\u017eou si zjistit reputaci \u0161kol, l\u00e9pe odhadnout \u0161ance na p\u0159ijet\u00ed a\u00a0sn\u00e1ze pochopit komplikovan\u00e1 pravidla syst\u00e9mu. Takov\u00e9 rodiny jsou pak schopny strategicky sestavit po\u0159ad\u00ed p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161ek.<\/p>\n

Naopak d\u011bti z\u00a0m\u00e9n\u011b informovan\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed prohr\u00e1vaj\u00ed namnoze nejen proto, \u017ee jsou m\u00e9n\u011b zdatn\u00e9, ale i\u00a0proto, \u017ee jejich rodi\u010de t\u0159eba jen dostate\u010dn\u011b nepochopili mechanismus p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161ek, nem\u011bli a\u00a0nez\u00edskali si dost informac\u00ed, nebo nezv\u00e1\u017eili v\u0161echny alternativy. Jednu z\u00a0prvn\u00edch p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00fdch empirick\u00fdch evidenc\u00ed z\u00a0rodi\u010dovsk\u00e9ho ter\u00e9nu poskytl ned\u00e1vno zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fd<\/a> v\u00fdzkum agentury PAQ Research.<\/p>\n

\u010ct\u011bte tak\u00e9:<\/a><\/p>\n

Praxe r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00ed ukazuje, \u017ee i\u00a0zd\u00e1nliv\u011b drobn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly mohou z\u00e1sadn\u011b zm\u011bnit v\u00fdsledky. V\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech mohou uchaze\u010di uv\u00e9st jen n\u011bkolik \u0161kol jako u\u00a0n\u00e1s, jinde je po\u010det neomezen\u00fd. N\u011bkde z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na po\u0159ad\u00ed p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161ek jako u\u00a0n\u00e1s, jinde ne. N\u011bkter\u00e9 syst\u00e9my motivuj\u00ed rodi\u010de k\u00a0taktizov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u201ebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm volb\u00e1m\u201c jako u\u00a0n\u00e1s, jin\u00e9 jsou navr\u017eeny tak, aby rodiny mohly jednodu\u0161e napsat \u0161koly podle skute\u010dn\u00fdch preferenc\u00ed. \u010cesk\u00fd model, kdy se uchaze\u010di mohou hl\u00e1sit na velmi omezen\u00fd po\u010det \u0161kol, na t\u0159i, ani\u017e je\u0161t\u011b znaj\u00ed v\u00fdsledky v\u00a0nevyzpytateln\u00fdch testech, ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b p\u0159edstavuje ve sv\u011bt\u011b docela anom\u00e1lii.<\/p>\n

Zahrani\u010dn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti jsou velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, by\u0165 o\u00a0n\u011b u\u00a0n\u00e1s z\u00e1jem dosud jevil m\u00e1lokdo. Ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee zdaleka nesta\u010d\u00ed funguj\u00edc\u00ed port\u00e1l p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161ek, jako je v\u00a0\u010cesku Dipsy.cz. Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed toti\u017e na mnoh\u00fdch dal\u0161\u00edch detailech. Pokud pravidla vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed v\u00fdhody pouze pro rodi\u010de a\u00a0d\u011bti, kte\u0159\u00ed um\u011bj\u00ed strategicky kalkulovat, digitalizovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m neposiluje rovnost \u0161anc\u00ed, ale naopak reprodukuje nespravedliv\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed nerovnosti.<\/p>\n

Jak vyu\u017e\u00edt AI<\/p>\n

A je\u0161t\u011b je zde dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 v\u011bc: st\u00e1t \u010dasto z\u00a0dat, kter\u00e1 mnohdy a\u017e hore\u010dn\u011b sb\u00edr\u00e1, dob\u0159e v\u00ed nebo p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm m\u016f\u017ee v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00fd uchaze\u010d a\u00a0jeho rodi\u010de z\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159i pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161ky d\u011blaj\u00ed chybu, ale nijak nepom\u016f\u017ee. Pokud se nap\u0159\u00edklad student hl\u00e1s\u00ed na jeho nad\u011bj\u00edm ne\u00fam\u011brn\u011b v\u00fdb\u011brov\u00e9 \u0161koly, syst\u00e9m to v\u00a0datech vid\u00ed. P\u0159esto dnes takov\u00e9ho uchaze\u010de nech\u00e1 \u201espadnout ze sk\u00e1ly\u201c a\u00a0\u0159e\u0161\u00ed jen administrativn\u00ed a\u00a0pr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1le\u017eitosti.<\/p>\n

P\u0159itom by sta\u010dilo pouh\u00e9 upozorn\u011bn\u00ed: \u201ePod\u00edvejte se i\u00a0na ty a\u00a0ty dal\u0161\u00ed \u0161koly X, Y podobn\u00e9ho typu ve va\u0161\u00ed dostupn\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti a\u00a0zva\u017ete \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed seznam mo\u017enost\u00ed.\u201c Ne\u0161lo by o\u00a0rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed za rodi\u010de, ale o\u00a0pomoc v\u00a0orientaci a\u00a0informovanosti t\u011bm, kter\u00fdm to pom\u016f\u017ee.<\/p>\n

\u010ct\u011bte tak\u00e9:<\/a><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b tady se nov\u011b nab\u00edz\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence. AI by na port\u00e1lu p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161ek mohla fungovat jako chytr\u00fd asistent, kter\u00fd rodin\u00e1m pravidla cel\u00e9ho procesu p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010dek polopaticky vysv\u011btl\u00ed a\u00a0formou dobrovoln\u00e9ho kv\u00edzu ov\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee jim rodi\u010de rozum\u00ed, upozorn\u00ed je na rizika, doporu\u010d\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 alternativy \u0161kol a\u00a0pom\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edvyplnit p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161ku bez chyb. To m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro rodiny, kter\u00e9 bu\u010f nemaj\u00ed moc zku\u0161enost\u00ed se vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm syst\u00e9mem nebo kolem sebe lidi schopn\u00e9 poradit. Nebo prost\u011b \u201ejen\u201c v\u011bci nev\u011bnuj\u00ed dostate\u010dnou pozornost. Odb\u00fdt v\u0161e t\u00edm, \u017ee d\u011bti mohou za sv\u00e9 rodi\u010de, je lacin\u00e9, nemor\u00e1ln\u00ed, a\u00a0nav\u00edc \u0161kod\u00ed v\u0161em.<\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je i\u00a0transparentnost<\/p>\n

St\u00e1t rozd\u011bluje p\u0159\u00edstup ke vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0rozd\u011bluje tak vz\u00e1cn\u00fd ve\u0159ejn\u00fd statek. Hodn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00fd statek. Proto by m\u011bla b\u00fdt ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 dob\u0159e zn\u00e1ma a\u00a0ch\u00e1p\u00e1na pravidla v\u010detn\u011b samotn\u00e9ho algoritmu, podle n\u011bho\u017e se uchaze\u010di p\u0159i\u0159azuj\u00ed ke \u0161kol\u00e1m. Bez mo\u017enosti nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 kontroly nelze d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u011b ov\u011b\u0159it, zda syst\u00e9m skute\u010dn\u011b funguje tak, jak se to deklaruje.<\/p>\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 debata by se proto nem\u011bla pt\u00e1t pouze na to, zda lze p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010dky \u201ezjednodu\u0161it\u201c a\u00a0zpohodlnit. M\u011bla by se pt\u00e1t, jak\u00fdm d\u011btem sou\u010dasn\u00e1 \u010di budouc\u00ed slo\u017eitost pom\u00e1h\u00e1 a\u00a0kter\u00e9 po\u0161kozuje. Dobr\u00fd syst\u00e9m ur\u010dit\u011b nem\u00e1 rodi\u010de a\u00a0jejich d\u011bti trestat za neznalost trik\u016f a\u00a0strategi\u00ed, z\u00a0omezen\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed a\u00a0jin\u00e9 mo\u017enosti z\u00edsk\u00e1vat informace nebo odm\u011b\u0148ovat za schopnost obej\u00edt pravidla. M\u00e1 v\u0161em d\u011btem poskytovat co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0161ance dostat se na \u0161kolu, kter\u00e1 odpov\u00edd\u00e1 jejich schopnostem, z\u00e1jm\u016fm a\u00a0pot\u0159eb\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

Vy v\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00e9m ohledu vol\u00e1 po \u0159ad\u011b zlep\u0161en\u00ed u\u017e sou\u010dasn\u00fd p\u0159edreformn\u00ed model p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010dek.<\/p>\n

Ob\u00e1v\u00e1me se ale, \u017ee na\u0161e n\u00e1vrhy zalo\u017een\u00e9 na dobr\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed praxi budou pro velmi konzervativn\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 pom\u011bry p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pokrokov\u00e9 a\u00a0pro \u00fazce uva\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1vnickou komunitu p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 revolu\u010dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Debata o\u00a0p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00edch zkou\u0161k\u00e1ch na st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161koly se u\u00a0n\u00e1s \u010dasto zu\u017euje na ot\u00e1zky, zda a\u00a0jak testovat, kolik p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161ek povolit…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":105305,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[7],"tags":[43,42,41,40,30845,4242,4243,445,442,446,7300,126],"class_list":["post-105304","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-cesko","tag-ceska-republika","tag-cesko","tag-czech-republic","tag-czechia","tag-institut-pro-demokracii-a-ekonomickou-analyzu-idea","tag-ministerstvo-skolstvi","tag-mladeze-a-telovychovy-msmt","tag-prijimaci-zkousky","tag-skolstvi","tag-stredni-skoly","tag-system-dipsy","tag-umela-inteligence-ai"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116681890094712795","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105304","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=105304"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105304\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/105305"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=105304"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=105304"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=105304"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}