Ve \u010dtvrtek 28.\u00a0kv\u011btna 1987\u00a0kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ed sedmou ve\u010der zaznamenali p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed chodci u\u00a0Rud\u00e9ho n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed v\u00a0Moskv\u011b n\u00edzko let\u00edc\u00ed jednomotorov\u00e9 letadlo. B\u00edl\u00e1 Cessna 172P p\u0159elet\u011bla kolem v\u011b\u017e\u00ed historick\u00e9ho obchodn\u00edho domu GUM a\u00a0n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t zakrou\u017eila nad okol\u00edm n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed. <\/p>\n
Sv\u011bdci pozd\u011bji popisovali, \u017ee stroj prol\u00e9tal nezvykle n\u00edzko\u00a0\u2013 n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 na n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed se instinktivn\u011b skr\u010dili. Pilot nakonec nasm\u011broval sv\u00e9 letadlo na Bol\u0161oj Moskvoreck\u00fd most vedle chr\u00e1mu Vasila Bla\u017een\u00e9ho a\u00a0dosedl p\u0159\u00edmo na vozovku. Provoz mu pomohla zastavit \u010derven\u00e1 na semaforu, tak\u017ee Cessna mohla dosednout mezi pruhy silnice. Letoun se po kolech dokut\u00e1lel z\u00a0mostu na dl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed Vasiljevsk\u00e9ho sjezdu, tedy na dohled od zd\u00ed Kremlu.<\/p>\n
Osmn\u00e1ctilet\u00fd pilot Mathias Rust vylezl z\u00a0kokpitu a\u00a0s\u00e1m sv\u00e9mu letadlu podlo\u017eil kola kl\u00ednem. Na sob\u011b m\u011bl v\u00fdraznou \u010dervenou leteckou kombin\u00e9zu a\u00a0na o\u010d\u00edch tmav\u00e9 br\u00fdle. Kolem neobvykl\u00e9ho n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edka se brzy seb\u011bhl hlou\u010dek Moskvan\u016f. Rust z\u016fstal p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b klidn\u00fd a\u00a0p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd\u00a0\u2013 rozdal n\u011bkolik autogram\u016f a\u00a0tvrdil p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017eej\u00edc\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159ilet\u011bl s\u00a0\u201eposl\u00e1n\u00edm m\u00edru\u201c. <\/p>\n
Na dotaz, odkud se vzal, odpov\u011bd\u011bl jen, \u017ee z\u00a0N\u011bmecka. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00ed p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali, \u017ee je z\u00a0v\u00fdchodn\u00edho N\u011bmecka, a\u00a0teprve zm\u00ednka o\u00a0z\u00e1padn\u00edm N\u011bmecku vyvolala mezi lidmi \u00fadiv. Okolnosti byly natolik surrealistick\u00e9, \u017ee mnoho kolemjdouc\u00edch zpo\u010d\u00e1tku ani nev\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee jde o\u00a0skute\u010dn\u00fd incident\u00a0\u2013 odborn\u00edci jej pozd\u011bji ozna\u010d\u00ed za bezprecedentn\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed nedotknuteln\u00e9 sov\u011btsk\u00e9 protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany. <\/p>\n
Rust z\u016fstal u\u00a0sv\u00e9ho stroje zhruba dv\u011b hodiny, dokonce m\u011bl \u010das se i\u00a0lehce ob\u010derstvit. A\u017e kolem osm\u00e9 hodiny ve\u010der dorazily na m\u00edsto \u010dern\u00e9 limuz\u00edny s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky st\u00e1tn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti, kte\u0159\u00ed zv\u011bdav\u00fd dav rozehnali a\u00a0mlad\u00e9ho pilota zadr\u017eeli. Mal\u00e1 Cessna z\u016fstala st\u00e1t opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 pobl\u00ed\u017e chr\u00e1mu, zat\u00edmco Rust u\u017e m\u00ed\u0159il v\u00a0doprovodu agent\u016f KGB k\u00a0v\u00fdslechu.<\/p>\n
Pl\u00e1n, kter\u00fd v\u0161echny zasko\u010dil<\/p>\n
Mathias Rust nebyl zku\u0161en\u00fd ani profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed letec. Poch\u00e1zel z\u00a0men\u0161\u00edho m\u011bsta Wedel u\u00a0Hamburku a\u00a0pilotn\u00ed pr\u016fkaz z\u00edskal teprve ned\u00e1vno jako sportovn\u00ed pilot. V\u00a0kv\u011btnu 1987\u00a0v\u0161ak tento tich\u00fd a\u00a0nen\u00e1padn\u00fd mlad\u00edk sp\u0159\u00e1dal troufal\u00fd pl\u00e1n. Podle sv\u00fdch pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch slov nosil v\u00a0hlav\u011b my\u0161lenku \u201evybudovat imagin\u00e1rn\u00ed most mezi Z\u00e1padem a\u00a0V\u00fdchodem\u201c\u00a0\u2013 cht\u011bl sv\u00fdm \u010dinem symbolicky sbl\u00ed\u017eit oba bloky studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. <\/p>\n
Doma rodi\u010d\u016fm ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee se vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 na b\u011b\u017en\u00fd v\u00fdlet mal\u00fdm letadlem po Evrop\u011b. Rodi\u010de ani p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 netu\u0161ili, co zam\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed doopravdy. Rust si ve sv\u00e9m aeroklubu v\u00a0Hamburku vyp\u016fj\u010dil jednomotorov\u00fd letoun Cessna 172P s\u00a0registrac\u00ed D-ECJB a\u00a0upravil ho pro mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b dlouh\u00fd let: z\u00a0kabiny demontoval zadn\u00ed sedadla a\u00a0nam\u00edsto nich instaloval p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 palivov\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee. <\/p>\n
Dne 13.\u00a0kv\u011btna 1987\u00a0odstartoval z\u00a0leti\u0161t\u011b Uetersen nedaleko Hamburku a\u00a0zah\u00e1jil sv\u00e9r\u00e1znou leteckou pou\u0165 nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d severn\u00ed Evropou. B\u011bhem dvou t\u00fddn\u016f nav\u0161t\u00edvil postupn\u011b Faersk\u00e9 ostrovy, potom str\u00e1vil t\u00fdden na Islandu a\u00a0cestou zp\u011bt se zastavil v\u00a0Norsku. Dlouh\u00fd okruh m\u011bl podle pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Rustovy v\u00fdpov\u011bdi otestovat jeho pilotn\u00ed schopnosti a\u00a0mo\u017en\u00e1 tak\u00e9 odv\u00e9st pozornost\u00a0\u2013 v\u0161e ale sm\u011b\u0159ovalo k\u00a0jeho skute\u010dn\u00e9mu c\u00edli v\u00a0Sov\u011btsk\u00e9m svazu.<\/p>\n
V z\u00e1v\u011bru sv\u00e9ho \u201ev\u00fdletu\u201c p\u0159ist\u00e1l Rust 25.\u00a0kv\u011btna 1987\u00a0v\u00a0Helsink\u00e1ch. Na mal\u00e9m leti\u0161ti Helsinky-Malmi dotankoval plnou n\u00e1dr\u017e. Jako ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed c\u00edl dal\u0161\u00ed etapy letu nahl\u00e1sil finsk\u00fdm dispe\u010der\u016fm Stockholm ve \u0160v\u00e9dsku. Druh\u00fd den, 28.\u00a0kv\u011btna ve 12:21\u00a0m\u00edstn\u00edho \u010dasu, odstartoval z\u00a0Helsinek a\u00a0zam\u00ed\u0159il na z\u00e1pad\u00a0\u2013 jenom\u017ee kr\u00e1tce pot\u00e9, co naposledy komunikoval s\u00a0\u0159\u00eddic\u00ed v\u011b\u017e\u00ed, n\u00e1hle zm\u011bnil kurz. <\/p>\n
Odbo\u010dil prudce k\u00a0v\u00fdchodu sm\u011brem nad Finsk\u00fd z\u00e1liv, vypnul komunika\u010dn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u00a0transpond\u00e9r a\u00a0sn\u00ed\u017eil v\u00fd\u0161ku letu. Dr\u017eel se n\u00edzko pod obla\u010dnost\u00ed, aby se vytratil z\u00a0dosahu finsk\u00fdch radar\u016f \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed letov\u00e9ho provozu. Fin\u0161t\u00ed dispe\u010de\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1hl\u00e9 zmizen\u00ed kontaktu vyhodnotili jako mo\u017en\u00e9 ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, zalarmovali pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed str\u00e1\u017e. <\/p>\n
Do prostoru u\u00a0pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed pobl\u00ed\u017e Sipoo, kde se Rustova stopa ztratila, vyslali z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159e a\u00a0hl\u00eddkuj\u00edc\u00ed plavidla. Na mo\u0159sk\u00e9 hladin\u011b na\u0161li mastnou skvrnu, proto Finov\u00e9 dokonce spustili p\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f po trosk\u00e1ch letadla. Nic v\u0161ak nena\u0161li\u00a0\u2013 Rust mezit\u00edm nepozorovan\u011b p\u0159ekro\u010dil hranici do Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu.<\/p>\n
Kr\u00e1tce po 14.\u00a0hodin\u011b m\u00edstn\u00edho \u010dasu zachytily radary sov\u011btsk\u00e9 protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany mal\u00fd neidentifikovan\u00fd c\u00edl pobl\u00ed\u017e estonsk\u00e9ho m\u011bsta Kohtla-J\u00e4rve, asi 250\u00a0kilometr\u016f z\u00e1padn\u011b od Leningradu. Oper\u00e1to\u0159i sov\u011btsk\u00e9 PVO v\u00a0prvn\u00ed chv\u00edli nep\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali naru\u0161en\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed hranice\u00a0\u2013 drobn\u00fd n\u00edzko let\u00edc\u00ed letoun myln\u011b pova\u017eovali za dom\u00e1c\u00ed stroj, kter\u00fd z\u0159ejm\u011b poru\u0161il p\u0159edpisy, ale nep\u0159edstavuje hrozbu. <\/p>\n
28.\u00a0kv\u011btna se nav\u00edc v\u00a0SSSR slavil Den pohrani\u010dn\u00ed str\u00e1\u017ee a\u00a0provoz nad Pobalt\u00edm byl ru\u0161n\u00fd. V\u00a0okol\u00ed Estonska se ve vzduchu pohybovalo n\u011bkolik cvi\u010dn\u00fdch letoun\u016f sov\u011btsk\u00fdch aeroklub\u016f a\u00a0tak\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 stroje. Teprve ve 14:29, kdy bylo definitivn\u011b potvrzeno, \u017ee na dan\u00e9 trase nem\u00e1 co d\u011blat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 civiln\u00ed letadlo, vyhl\u00e1sila PVO pohotovost. Nezn\u00e1m\u00e9mu objektu p\u0159id\u011blila k\u00f3dov\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed \u201ec\u00edl 8255\u201c a\u00a0na velitelstv\u00ed padlo rozhodnut\u00ed vyslat k\u00a0n\u011bmu st\u00edha\u010dky.<\/p>\n
Z estonsk\u00e9ho leti\u0161t\u011b Tapa okam\u017eit\u011b odstartovaly dva letouny MiG-23, aby naru\u0161itele dostihly. Jednomu z\u00a0pilot\u016f se skute\u010dn\u011b poda\u0159ilo nav\u00e1zat vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed kontakt\u00a0\u2013 zahl\u00e9dl men\u0161\u00ed letadlo b\u00edl\u00e9 barvy s\u00a0modr\u00fdm pruhem na trupu, typov\u011b podobn\u00e9 sov\u011btsk\u00e9mu sportovn\u00edmu stroji Jak-12.\u00a0Pilot pron\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho MiGu ohl\u00e1sil c\u00edl nad\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdm, ti v\u0161ak jeho hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nebrali v\u00e1\u017en\u011b. <\/p>\n
Voj\u00e1ci st\u00e1le p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali, \u017ee jde o\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fd z\u00a0vlastn\u00edch cvi\u010dn\u00fdch letoun\u016f, kter\u00e9 ve stejnou dobu l\u00e9taly v\u00a0oblasti, a\u00a0nikoli o\u00a0nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd pr\u016fnik. Rozkaz k\u00a0palb\u011b ani k\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9mu z\u00e1sahu proti podez\u0159el\u00e9 Cessn\u011b nep\u0159i\u0161el. Kdy\u017e se pak Rust\u016fv pomalu let\u00edc\u00ed stroj znovu ztratil z\u00a0radar\u016f v\u00a0hust\u00fdch mrac\u00edch nad Pskovskou oblast\u00ed, velitel protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany dokonce centr\u00e1ln\u00edmu velen\u00ed myln\u011b nahl\u00e1sil, \u017ee patrn\u011b \u0161lo o\u00a0fale\u0161n\u00fd poplach\u00a0\u2013 nejsp\u00ed\u0161 jen hejno pt\u00e1k\u016f na radaru.<\/p>\n
Rust p\u0159itom pokra\u010doval hloub\u011bji na sov\u011btsk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed zcela neru\u0161en. Ve snaze nep\u0159itahovat pozornost se dr\u017eel co nejn\u00ed\u017ee pod obla\u010dnost\u00ed a\u00a0let\u011bl pomalu, rychlost\u00ed kolem 180\u00a0km\/h. Na palub\u011b nem\u011bl modern\u00ed naviga\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje\u00a0\u2013 spol\u00e9hal na mapu a\u00a0kompas. Pozd\u011bji p\u0159iznal, \u017ee orientace nad nezn\u00e1mou krajinou nebyla snadn\u00e1. <\/p>\n
P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b v\u00a017:40\u00a0zaznamenaly Rust\u016fv letoun radary civiln\u00edho leti\u0161t\u011b \u0160ereme\u0165jevo u\u00a0Moskvy. Tamn\u00ed letov\u00ed dispe\u010de\u0159i znejist\u011bli: drobn\u00e1 Cessna se pohybovala bez povolen\u00ed v\u00a0zak\u00e1zan\u00e9m prostoru a\u00a0nav\u00edc ohro\u017eovala hust\u00fd provoz v\u00a0okol\u00ed hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta. Do doby, ne\u017e se p\u0159ijde na to, o\u010d jde, zastavilo \u0160ereme\u0165jevo preventivn\u011b ve\u0161ker\u00e9 odlety a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edlety dopravn\u00edch letadel. <\/p>\n
Kdy\u017e se zjistilo, \u017ee naru\u0161itel mezit\u00edm prolomil a\u017e do centra metropole, bylo u\u017e pozd\u011b podniknout obrannou akci. Rust tak nepozorovan\u011b prolet\u011bl a\u017e do samotn\u00e9ho srdce Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu. Jeho mal\u00e1 Cessna se kolem 18:30\u00a0objevila nad moskevsk\u00fdm leti\u0161t\u011bm v\u00a0Tu\u0161inu a\u00a0odtud zam\u00ed\u0159ila p\u0159\u00edmo k\u00a0centru m\u011bsta. O\u00a0n\u011bkolik minut pozd\u011bji u\u017e pilot uvid\u011bl sv\u016fj vysn\u011bn\u00fd c\u00edl\u00a0\u2013 rozlehl\u00e9 Rud\u00e9 n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed u\u00a0Kremlu.<\/p>\n
Sov\u011btsk\u00fd soud a\u00a0\u010dtrn\u00e1ct m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f v\u00a0cele<\/p>\n
Bezprost\u0159edn\u011b po Rustov\u011b zadr\u017een\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady v\u00e1haly, jak situaci vylo\u017eit ve\u0159ejnosti. Ud\u00e1lost se odehr\u00e1la v\u00a0dob\u011b napjat\u00fdch mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztah\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed glasnosti a\u00a0oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed na V\u00fdchod\u011b. V\u00a0Kremlu v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b vl\u00e1dl reformn\u00ed v\u016fdce Michail Gorba\u010dov, kter\u00fd 28.\u00a0kv\u011btna 1987\u00a0shodou okolnost\u00ed pob\u00fdval na ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b Berl\u00edna. <\/p>\n
Zat\u00edmco sv\u011btov\u00e1 m\u00e9dia za\u010dala o\u00a0moskevsk\u00e9m p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed mlad\u00e9ho N\u011bmce okam\u017eit\u011b \u017eiv\u011b spekulovat, v\u00a0ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm sov\u011btsk\u00e9m tisku se zpr\u00e1va objevila jen opo\u017ed\u011bn\u011b a\u00a0velmi stroze. Agentura TASS nakonec ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee \u201esportovn\u00ed letoun \u0159\u00edzen\u00fd ob\u010danem Mathiasem Rustem nedovolen\u011b p\u0159ekro\u010dil sov\u011btsko-finskou hranici a\u00a0p\u0159ist\u00e1l v\u00a0Moskv\u011b\u201c. Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia p\u0159\u00edpad zjevn\u011b zleh\u010dovala a\u00a0tiskov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va zazn\u011bla v\u00a0televizi a\u017e na konci hlavn\u00edch zpr\u00e1v, t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed blokem sportu.<\/p>\n
Rust z\u016fst\u00e1val ve vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00ed vazb\u011b a\u00a0\u010dekal na soud. Z\u00e1padon\u011bmeck\u00e1 vl\u00e1da se zat\u00edm neofici\u00e1ln\u011b sna\u017eila dos\u00e1hnout jeho vyd\u00e1n\u00ed nebo propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, ale bez \u00fasp\u011bchu. Do Moskvy za n\u00edm p\u0159icestovali tak\u00e9 jeho rodi\u010de\u00a0\u2013 poprv\u00e9 se s\u00a0n\u00edm sm\u011bli setkat 16.\u00a0\u010dervna 1987\u00a0v\u00a0pov\u011bstn\u00e9 moskevsk\u00e9 v\u011bznici Lefortovo, kde byl dr\u017een. Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 org\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edpad kvalifikovaly jako z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd trestn\u00fd \u010din. <\/p>\n
Pro Gorba\u010dov\u016fv re\u017eim byl v\u00fdkon trestu tak\u00e9 ot\u00e1zkou presti\u017ee a\u00a0odstra\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch n\u00e1sledovn\u00edk\u016f. Soudn\u00ed proces s\u00a0Mathiasem Rustem za\u010dal 2.\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1987\u00a0p\u0159ed sen\u00e1tem Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu SSSR. Mlad\u00edk stanul p\u0159ed soudem v\u00a0tmav\u00e9m obleku, se st\u0159\u00edzliv\u00fdm v\u00fdrazem a\u00a0pokorn\u00fdm vystupov\u00e1n\u00edm. K\u00a0soudu dorazili i\u00a0Rustovi rodi\u010de a\u00a0do jednac\u00ed s\u00edn\u011b bylo vpu\u0161t\u011bno n\u011bkolik z\u00e1padn\u00edch diplomat\u016f a\u00a0novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f.<\/p>\n
Ob\u017ealoba vinila Rusta z\u00a0troj\u00edho provin\u011bn\u00ed: nedovolen\u00e9ho p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed hranice, z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho poru\u0161en\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch leteck\u00fdch p\u0159edpis\u016f a\u00a0v\u00fdtr\u017enictv\u00ed, tedy takzvan\u00e9ho chulig\u00e1nstv\u00ed. Maxim\u00e1ln\u011b mu hrozilo a\u017e deset let odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody. Rust p\u0159ed soudem sv\u00e9ho \u010dinu otev\u0159en\u011b litoval. Hned v\u00a0\u00favodu p\u0159ednesl dlouh\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e popsal sv\u00e9 pohnutky. <\/p>\n
Potvrdil, \u017ee jednal s\u00e1m na vlastn\u00ed p\u011bst a\u00a0\u017ee ho k\u00a0riskantn\u00edmu \u010dinu vedly idealistick\u00e9 d\u016fvody. \u201eM\u00fdm hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem bylo upoutat sv\u011btovou ve\u0159ejnost, nevid\u011bl jsem jinou mo\u017enost, jak toho dos\u00e1hnout,\u201c prohl\u00e1sil Rust se sklon\u011bnou hlavou a\u00a0po\u017e\u00e1dal tribun\u00e1l o\u00a0odpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. U\u00a0soudu tvrdil, \u017ee si p\u0159\u00e1l setkat se osobn\u011b s\u00a0Michailem Gorba\u010dovem a\u00a0p\u0159edat mu poselstv\u00ed o\u00a0nutnosti m\u00edru a\u00a0jadern\u00e9ho odzbrojen\u00ed. <\/p>\n
P\u0159iznal tak\u00e9, \u017ee si a\u017e do posledn\u00ed chv\u00edle nebyl jist\u00fd, zda Rud\u00e9 n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed v\u016fbec najde, a\u00a0\u017ee \u00famysln\u011b vypnul palubn\u00ed r\u00e1dio, aby ho dispe\u010de\u0159i nemohli odvolat zp\u011bt. Kdy\u017e p\u0159edseda soudu Rusta vyzval, aby se vyj\u00e1d\u0159il k\u00a0vin\u011b, mlad\u00edk klidn\u00fdm hlasem \u0159ekl: \u201eC\u00edt\u00edm se vinen.\u201c Uznal svou vinu v\u00a0bod\u011b naru\u0161en\u00ed hranic a\u00a0leteck\u00fdch p\u0159edpis\u016f. <\/p>\n
Ozna\u010den\u00ed \u201ez\u00e1ke\u0159n\u00e9 chulig\u00e1nstv\u00ed\u201c odm\u00edtal\u00a0\u2013 trval na tom, \u017ee jeho c\u00edlem nebylo kohokoli ohrozit ani po\u0161kodit majetek. Soud nicm\u00e9n\u011b kvalifikaci v\u00fdtr\u017enictv\u00ed ponechal. O\u00a0den pozd\u011bji, 3.\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, prokur\u00e1tor navrhl exempl\u00e1rn\u00ed trest v\u00a0d\u00e9lce osmi let v\u011bzen\u00ed. Verdikt padl 4.\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1987: Mathias Rust byl odsouzen k\u00a0\u010dty\u0159let\u00e9mu nepodm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9mu odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody v\u00a0pracovn\u00edm t\u00e1bo\u0159e.<\/p>\n
N\u011bmeck\u00fd pilot nakonec v\u00a0gulagu pracovat nemusel\u00a0\u2013 z\u016fstal nad\u00e1le v\u00a0moskevsk\u00e9m Lefortovu jako v\u011bze\u0148. Jeho p\u0159\u00edpad v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b budil zna\u010dnou pozornost Z\u00e1padu. Spolkov\u00fd prezident Richard von Weizs\u00e4cker p\u0159i st\u00e1tn\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b Moskvy v\u00a0\u010dervenci 1987\u00a0apeloval na Gorba\u010dova, aby mlad\u00edka omilostnil, av\u0161ak neusp\u011bl. Rust si tak mezit\u00edm odpyk\u00e1val trest v\u00a0ciz\u00ed zemi. <\/p>\n
Ve v\u011bzen\u00ed tr\u00e1vil dny \u010detbou a\u00a0u\u010dil se ciz\u00ed jazyky, aby udr\u017eel psychickou kondici. Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 veden\u00ed ale signalizovalo jistou vst\u0159\u00edcnost a\u00a0po \u010dase za\u010dalo uva\u017eovat o\u00a0propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 zejm\u00e9na kdy\u017e trest splnil symbolickou odstra\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed funkci a\u00a0skand\u00e1l kolem PVO se poda\u0159ilo \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b utlumit.<\/p>\n
Ot\u0159esy v\u00a0gener\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0161t\u00e1bu<\/p>\n
U\u017e kr\u00e1tce po ne\u010dekan\u00e9m p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed Mathiase Rusta v\u00a0srdci Moskvy se rozb\u011bhlo rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0\u0159ad\u00e1ch sov\u011btsk\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil. M\u00edsto p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed zodpov\u011bdnosti se v\u00a0Kremlu hledali vin\u00edci a\u00a0padaly d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 hlavy. Fiasko sov\u011btsk\u00e9 protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany odhalilo kombinaci technick\u00fdch nedostatk\u016f a\u00a0liknavosti jej\u00edch velitel\u016f. Gorba\u010dov, roztrp\u010den\u00fd blam\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ed cel\u00fdm sv\u011btem, vyu\u017eil p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti k\u00a0radik\u00e1ln\u00ed obm\u011bn\u011b vojensk\u00e9ho veden\u00ed. <\/p>\n
B\u011bhem n\u011bkolika dn\u016f po Rustov\u011b letu odvolal z\u00a0funkce dosavadn\u00edho ministra obrany, dvaasedmdes\u00e1tilet\u00e9ho mar\u0161\u00e1la Sergeje Sokolova. Tento veter\u00e1n druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a\u00a0\u010dlen politbyra byl symbolem star\u00e9 gardy v\u00a0arm\u00e1d\u011b a\u00a0proti reform\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vst\u0159\u00edcn\u00fd nebyl. Stejn\u011b tak musel skon\u010dit hlavn\u00ed velitel Sov\u011btsk\u00fdch vojsk protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany Alexandr Koldunov. <\/p>\n
V\u00a0r\u00e1mci takzvan\u00fdch \u201e\u010distek\u201c p\u0159i\u0161ly o\u00a0m\u00edsta z\u00a0disciplin\u00e1rn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f stovky dal\u0161\u00edch d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f sov\u011btsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy\u00a0\u2013 od vysok\u00fdch gener\u00e1l\u016f a\u017e po \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edky na radarech, kte\u0159\u00ed Rust\u016fv let zanedbali. Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 veden\u00ed t\u00edm demonstrovalo, \u017ee podobn\u00e9 selh\u00e1n\u00ed nep\u0159ipust\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 do\u0161lo k\u00a0pos\u00edlen\u00ed mlad\u0161\u00edch k\u00e1drov\u00fdch d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f loaj\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u016f\u010di Gorba\u010dovovi. <\/p>\n
Nov\u00fdm ministrem obrany se stal relativn\u011b mlad\u00fd gener\u00e1l Dmitrij Jazov. Z\u00a0Rustova \u010dinu se tak nep\u0159\u00edmo stala v\u00edtan\u00e1 z\u00e1minka k\u00a0v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu omlazen\u00ed konzervativn\u00edho velen\u00ed arm\u00e1dy, kter\u00e1 dlouhodob\u011b kladla odpor n\u011bkter\u00fdm Gorba\u010dovov\u00fdm reform\u00e1m. <\/p>\n
Pro mlad\u00e9ho n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho pilota to v\u0161ak znamenalo jedin\u00e9: sov\u011btsk\u00fd st\u00e1t se na n\u011bm pot\u0159eboval \u201euk\u00e1z\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm\u201c trestem p\u0159edv\u00e9st, \u017ee m\u00e1 situaci pod kontrolou. Rust z\u016fst\u00e1val za m\u0159\u00ed\u017eemi, i\u00a0kdy\u017e n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed proz\u00edrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed novin\u00e1\u0159i a\u00a0poslanci za\u010dali ve\u0159ejn\u011b volat po jeho propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jako gesta dobr\u00e9 v\u016fle v\u016f\u010di Z\u00e1padu.<\/p>\n
Dne 3.\u00a0srpna 1988, po \u010dtrn\u00e1cti m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch str\u00e1ven\u00fdch v\u00a0moskevsk\u00e9m v\u011bzen\u00ed, byl Mathias Rust ne\u010dekan\u011b propu\u0161t\u011bn na svobodu. Prezidium Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho sov\u011btu SSSR ho omilostnilo a\u00a0na\u0159\u00eddilo jeho okam\u017eit\u00e9 vyho\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ze zem\u011b. Tehdy dvacetilet\u00fd Rust byl eskortov\u00e1n na leti\u0161t\u011b a\u00a0je\u0161t\u011b t\u00fd\u017e ve\u010der p\u0159ist\u00e1l na frankfurtsk\u00e9m leti\u0161ti zp\u00e1tky v\u00a0Z\u00e1padn\u00edm N\u011bmecku. <\/p>\n
Doma ho \u010dekala ohromn\u00e1 publicita\u00a0\u2013 jeho let do Moskvy mezit\u00edm vstoupil do d\u011bjin a\u00a0mlad\u00edk se stal sv\u00e9ho druhu celebritou. Z\u00e1padn\u00ed m\u00e9dia se p\u0159edh\u00e1n\u011bla v\u00a0nab\u00eddk\u00e1ch na exkluzivn\u00ed rozhovory. Rustova rodina vyu\u017eila z\u00e1jmu a\u00a0prodala pr\u00e1va na syn\u016fv p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh jednomu z\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00fdch magaz\u00edn\u016f za zna\u010dn\u00fd honor\u00e1\u0159. V\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch letech se v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed \u201epilot m\u00edru\u201c se s\u00a0ne\u010dekanou sl\u00e1vou a\u00a0sv\u00fdm d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm ide\u00e1lem t\u011b\u017eko vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n
U\u017e v\u00a0roce 1989\u00a0se jm\u00e9no Mathiase Rusta objevilo v\u00a0novinov\u00fdch titulc\u00edch znovu\u00a0\u2013 tentokr\u00e1t v\u00a0pon\u011bkud pochmurn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed souvislosti. Kr\u00e1tce po sv\u00e9m n\u00e1vratu na svobodu se mlad\u00edk zapletl do n\u00e1siln\u00e9ho incidentu v\u00a0N\u011bmecku. Na podzim 1989\u00a0se ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b dvo\u0159il jedn\u00e9 mlad\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed sest\u0159e a\u00a0b\u011bhem h\u00e1dky ji v\u00a0n\u00e1valu vzteku pobodal kapesn\u00edm no\u017eem. <\/p>\n
Zran\u011bn\u00e1 \u017eena \u00fatok na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eila, ale Rust byl zat\u010den a\u00a0roku 1991\u00a0stanul p\u0159ed n\u011bmeck\u00fdm soudem. Soudn\u00ed znalci v\u00a0posudku tehdy uvedli, \u017ee Rust m\u00e1 zna\u010dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my p\u0159ij\u00edmat osobn\u00ed ne\u00fasp\u011bch a\u00a0odm\u00edtnut\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 poznamenali tak\u00e9, \u017ee legend\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0Moskv\u011b patrn\u011b dodnes pova\u017euje za nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Za \u00fatok na \u017eenu byl odsouzen k\u00a0dvaap\u016fllet\u00e9mu trestu odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody. Po propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b 90.\u00a0let se pokou\u0161el za\u010d\u00edt znovu. <\/p>\n
Na \u010das odcestoval do Moskvy, kde pracoval jako prodava\u010d obuvi, pozd\u011bji se vr\u00e1til do N\u011bmecka. Sna\u017eil se z\u016fstat aktivn\u00ed ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m prostoru: vystupoval nap\u0159\u00edklad jako \u201em\u00edrov\u00fd medi\u00e1tor\u201c na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b a\u00a0n\u011bjak\u00fd \u010das se \u017eivil i\u00a0jako profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed hr\u00e1\u010d pokeru. Do pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed se z\u00e1konem se ale p\u0159ipletl znovu v\u00a0roce 2001, kdy ho hambursk\u00fd soud potrestal pen\u011b\u017eitou pokutou za kr\u00e1de\u017e luxusn\u00edho svetru v\u00a0obchodn\u00edm dom\u011b. V\u00a090.\u00a0letech Rust z\u00e1rove\u0148 konvertoval k\u00a0hinduismu a\u00a0v\u011bnoval se meditaci.<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/archive\/politics\/1987\/05\/30\/w-german-pilot-19-flies-unchallenged-to-red-square\/2e4eb1d8-0ecd-4f8f-81b0-e1193ef3621b\/<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1987-09-03-mn-5785-story.html<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1988-08-04-mn-10200-story.html<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.ndr.de\/geschichte\/chronologie\/1988-Kremlflieger-Mathias-Rust-kehrt-zurueck%2Cmathiasrust2.html<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.themoscowtimes.com\/2012\/05\/24\/red-square-flyboy-regrets-air-stunt-a15012<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/air-space-magazine\/the-notorious-flight-of-mathias-rust-7101888\/<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/may\/29\/russia.germany<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.dw.com\/pt-br\/1987-alem%C3%A3o-aterrissa-em-plena-pra%C3%A7a-vermelha\/a-836534<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ve \u010dtvrtek 28.\u00a0kv\u011btna 1987\u00a0kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ed sedmou ve\u010der zaznamenali p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed chodci u\u00a0Rud\u00e9ho n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed v\u00a0Moskv\u011b n\u00edzko let\u00edc\u00ed jednomotorov\u00e9 letadlo. B\u00edl\u00e1…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":106247,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[11],"tags":[441,650,649,9258,5192,54,53,52],"class_list":["post-106246","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-historie","tag-lide","tag-spolecnost","tag-sssr","tag-studena-valka","tag-svet","tag-world","tag-world-news"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116686754372075229","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106246","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=106246"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106246\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/106247"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=106246"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=106246"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=106246"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}