{"id":106695,"date":"2026-06-04T04:21:11","date_gmt":"2026-06-04T04:21:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/106695\/"},"modified":"2026-06-04T04:21:11","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T04:21:11","slug":"nejsou-mrtve-ani-zive-vedci-u-morske-okurky-narazili-na-biologickou-zahadu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/106695\/","title":{"rendered":"Nejsou mrtv\u00e9 ani \u017eiv\u00e9. V\u011bdci u\u00a0mo\u0159sk\u00e9 okurky narazili na biologickou z\u00e1hadu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Objev, o\u00a0kter\u00e9m referuje v\u00a0kv\u011btnu zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1 studie v\u00a0odborn\u00e9m \u010dasopise Science Advances<\/a>, vznikl n\u00e1hodou b\u011bhem b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce v\u00a0laborato\u0159i. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z\u00a0Memorial University v\u00a0kanadsk\u00e9m Newfoundlandu si v\u0161imli, \u017ee na st\u011bn\u011b akv\u00e1ria z\u016fstaly po manipulaci s\u00a0mo\u0159skou okurkou p\u0159ichycen\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti jej\u00edch p\u0159\u00edsavn\u00fdch pano\u017eek.<\/p>\n

Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku tomu nev\u011bnovali pozornost. Jen\u017ee zat\u00edmco podobn\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b by m\u011bly b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika dn\u016f odum\u0159\u00edt, tyto fragmenty z\u016fst\u00e1valy na\u017eivu i\u00a0po t\u00fddnech a\u00a0m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch. \u201eV\u0161imli jsme si, \u017ee jsou st\u00e1le p\u0159ichycen\u00e9. Hojily se a\u00a0dokonce trochu vyrostly. P\u0159e\u017e\u00edvaly ve sv\u00e9m p\u0159irozen\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed,\u201c popsala vedouc\u00ed autorka studie Sara Jobsonov\u00e1. <\/p>\n

Tk\u00e1n\u011b se hojily i\u00a0bez t\u011bla<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci proto zah\u00e1jili s\u00e9rii experiment\u016f. Odebrali dal\u0161\u00ed vzorky z\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u011bla mo\u0159sk\u00fdch okurek a\u00a0sledovali, co se s\u00a0nimi stane v\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e9 vod\u011b. <\/p>\n

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Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee odd\u011blen\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b si samy zacelily r\u00e1ny, vytv\u00e1\u0159ely nov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky a\u00a0vykazovaly aktivitu imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Dok\u00e1zaly tak\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edmat rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 aminokyseliny z\u00a0okoln\u00ed vody, p\u0159esto\u017ee nem\u011bly \u00fasta ani tr\u00e1vic\u00ed soustavu. <\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci nav\u00edc pozorovali, \u017ee tk\u00e1n\u011b reagovaly na dotyk a\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00e9 si dokonce zachovaly schopnost pohybu. Podle autor\u016f studie jde o\u00a0jev, kter\u00fd dosud nem\u00e1 v\u00a0odborn\u00e9 literatu\u0159e obdoby.<\/p>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm v\u0161ak bylo, \u017ee odd\u011blen\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti nejevily zn\u00e1mky odum\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed ani po v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159ech letech pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u201eNezaznamenali jsme \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky odum\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed, rozpadu ani nekr\u00f3zy. Nic nenasv\u011bd\u010dovalo tomu, \u017ee by se jejich stav zhor\u0161oval,\u201c uvedla Jobsonov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Co m\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s\u00a0biologickou nesmrtelnost\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato schopnost p\u0159ivedla v\u011bdce k\u00a0\u00favah\u00e1m o\u00a0biologick\u00e9 nesmrtelnosti. Tento pojem ozna\u010duje stav, kdy organismus nebo jeho bu\u0148ky nevykazuj\u00ed zn\u00e1mky st\u00e1rnut\u00ed a\u00a0jejich pravd\u011bpodobnost \u00famrt\u00ed se s\u00a0v\u011bkem nezvy\u0161uje. <\/p>\n

When some lizards lose their tails, they might regenerate new ones. But what happens to the old tail? <\/p>\n

Whereas a castoff lizard tail quickly decomposes, this isn\u2019t the case for the castoff tube feet of the sea cucumber, Psolus fabricii. <\/p>\n

In the latest #SciencePodcast<\/a>\ud83c\udf99\ufe0f, Ph.D.\u2026 pic.twitter.com\/5zK2DTdEGx<\/a><\/p>\n

\u2014 Science Magazine (@ScienceMagazine) June 3, 2026<\/a><\/p>\n

Za jeden z\u00a0nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f biologick\u00e9 nesmrtelnosti je pova\u017eov\u00e1na med\u00faza Turritopsis dohrnii, kter\u00e1 se dok\u00e1\u017ee opakovan\u011b vracet do mlad\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdvojov\u00e9ho stadia. U\u00a0mo\u0159sk\u00e9 okurky je v\u0161ak situace odli\u0161n\u00e1\u00a0\u2013 nejde o\u00a0cel\u00fd organismus, ale pouze o\u00a0odd\u011blen\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b. <\/p>\n

O skute\u010dn\u00e9 biologick\u00e9 nesmrtelnosti v\u0161ak v\u011bdci zat\u00edm mluvit nemohou. Zat\u00edm toti\u017e nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, zda bu\u0148ky odd\u011blen\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b nest\u00e1rnou, nebo zda pouze dok\u00e1\u017eou p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvat mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b dlouhou dobu. Pr\u00e1v\u011b to bude p\u0159edm\u011btem dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Zombie tk\u00e1n\u011b: Nejsou mrtv\u00e9 ani \u017eiv\u00e9<\/p>\n

P\u0159esto nejde o\u00a0vznik nov\u00e9ho organismu. Odd\u011blen\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b se sice zahojily a\u00a0d\u00e1l fungovaly, ale nikdy se z\u00a0nich nestala nov\u00e1 mo\u0159sk\u00e1 okurka. <\/p>\n

Regenera\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti mo\u0159sk\u00fdch okurek p\u0159itom nejsou pro biology \u017e\u00e1dnou novinkou. N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy dok\u00e1\u017eou obnovit ztracen\u00e9 org\u00e1ny nebo \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bla. Dosud se v\u0161ak p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo, \u017ee odd\u011blen\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b mimo organismus rychle odum\u0159ou.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto jim v\u011bdci za\u010dali s\u00a0nads\u00e1zkou \u0159\u00edkat \u201ezombie tk\u00e1n\u011b\u201c. <\/p>\n

\u201ePohybuj\u00ed se n\u011bkde na hranici mezi mrtv\u00fdm a\u00a0\u017eiv\u00fdm. Udr\u017euj\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 funkce, ale nejsou reprodukuj\u00edc\u00edm se organismem,\u201c vysv\u011btlila Jobsonov\u00e1. <\/p>\n

Podle biolo\u017eky Veroniky Hinmanov\u00e9 z\u00a0Floridsk\u00e9 univerzity v\u00fdsledky zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159edstavy o\u00a0tom, co znamen\u00e1 b\u00fdt na\u017eivu. <\/p>\n

\u201eTk\u00e1n\u011b obvykle pova\u017eujeme za sou\u010d\u00e1st organismu, kter\u00e1 je z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na p\u0159\u00edsunu \u017eivin, imunitn\u00ed ochran\u011b a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch funkc\u00edch cel\u00e9ho t\u011bla. Jakmile je odd\u011blena, rychle se rozpad\u00e1,\u201c uvedla.<\/p>\n

Nov\u011b objeven\u00fd fenom\u00e9n podle n\u00ed nazna\u010duje, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b mohou b\u00fdt mnohem samostatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se dosud p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo.<\/p>\n

Pomoc pro medic\u00ednu i\u00a0v\u00fdzkum st\u00e1rnut\u00ed<\/p>\n

Objev by mohl m\u00edt v\u00fdznam i\u00a0mimo oblast mo\u0159sk\u00e9 biologie. Podle autor\u016f studie m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159isp\u011bt k\u00a0lep\u0161\u00edmu pochopen\u00ed regenerace tk\u00e1n\u00ed, hojen\u00ed ran i\u00a0proces\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch se st\u00e1rnut\u00edm. <\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00fd je tak\u00e9 z\u00a0praktick\u00e9ho hlediska. Odd\u011blen\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e9 vod\u011b pln\u00e9 bakteri\u00ed a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch mikroorganism\u016f, ani\u017e by vy\u017eadovaly steriln\u00ed laboratorn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na anal\u00fdzu DNA a\u00a0projev\u016f bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho st\u00e1rnut\u00ed. V\u011bdci cht\u011bj\u00ed zjistit, zda bu\u0148ky t\u011bchto tk\u00e1n\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b nest\u00e1rnou. Pr\u00e1v\u011b odpov\u011b\u010f na tuto ot\u00e1zku m\u016f\u017ee uk\u00e1zat, zda z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 fragmenty mo\u0159sk\u00e9 okurky skute\u010dn\u011b souvisej\u00ed s\u00a0mechanismy biologick\u00e9 nesmrtelnosti. <\/p>\n

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