{"id":110396,"date":"2026-06-07T19:00:13","date_gmt":"2026-06-07T19:00:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/110396\/"},"modified":"2026-06-07T19:00:13","modified_gmt":"2026-06-07T19:00:13","slug":"slunecni-soustava-lezi-v-obri-vesmirne-pustine-vyresili-jsme-nejvetsi-zahadu-fyziky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/110396\/","title":{"rendered":"Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustava le\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0ob\u0159\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 pustin\u011b. Vy\u0159e\u0161ili jsme nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1hadu fyziky?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kdy\u017e se za jasn\u00e9 noci pod\u00edv\u00e1te na oblohu posetou tis\u00edci hv\u011bzd, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1te pocit, \u017ee je vesm\u00edr nesm\u00edrn\u011b hust\u00e9 a\u00a0ru\u0161n\u00e9 m\u00edsto. Tento pocit sd\u00edleli astronomov\u00e9 po cel\u00e1 stalet\u00ed. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali jsme, \u017ee hmota je ve vesm\u00edru rozlo\u017eena v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b rovnom\u011brn\u011b, jako krupice v\u00a0dokonale uva\u0159en\u00e9 ka\u0161i. A\u0165 se pod\u00edv\u00e1te doleva nebo doprava, v\u0161ude by m\u011blo b\u00fdt zhruba stejn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed galaxi\u00ed, hv\u011bzd a\u00a0planet.<\/p>\n

Jen\u017ee v\u011bdci dlouho netu\u0161ili jednu z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u011bc.<\/p>\n

To, na co se ze Zem\u011b d\u00edv\u00e1me, je jen dokonal\u00fd optick\u00fd klam. Na\u0161e kosmick\u00e1 adresa n\u00e1s toti\u017e celou dobu m\u00e1tla a\u00a0zkreslovala absolutn\u011b v\u0161echna m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed toho, jak vesm\u00edr funguje. To, co n\u00e1sledovalo, kdy\u017e si fyzici uv\u011bdomili pravdu, ot\u0159\u00e1slo samotn\u00fdmi z\u00e1klady modern\u00ed kosmologie.<\/p>\n

Trhlina v\u00a0matrixu a\u00a0kosmick\u00e1 pavu\u010dina<\/p>\n

Abychom pochopili, jak obrovsk\u00fd omyl se stal, mus\u00edme se na vesm\u00edr pod\u00edvat v\u00a0tom nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm mo\u017en\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku. Kdybyste zorn\u00e9 pole odd\u00e1lili natolik, \u017ee by cel\u00e9 galaxie vypadaly jen jako sm\u00edtka prachu, zjistili byste, \u017ee hmota rozhodn\u011b nen\u00ed rozlo\u017eena rovnom\u011brn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Vesm\u00edr se toti\u017e podob\u00e1 obrovsk\u00e9 struktu\u0159e, kter\u00e9 astrofyzici \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed \u201ekosmick\u00e1 pavu\u010dina\u201c.<\/p>\n

P\u0159edstavte si gigantickou mo\u0159skou houbu na myt\u00ed. Tvo\u0159\u00ed ji pevn\u00e1, hust\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna materi\u00e1lu, takzvan\u00e9 filamenty. V\u00a0t\u011bchto kosmick\u00fdch vl\u00e1knech se shlukuj\u00ed tis\u00edce galaxi\u00ed do obrovsk\u00fdch zd\u00ed. A\u00a0pak jsou tu pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1 m\u00edsta\u00a0\u2013 ob\u0159\u00ed bubliny absolutn\u00edho ni\u010deho. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se jim voidy (z anglick\u00e9ho slova pro pr\u00e1zdnotu \u010di dutinu). V\u00a0t\u011bchto oblastech chyb\u00ed plyn, prach i\u00a0hv\u011bzdy. Jsou to ty nej\u010dern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pustiny, jak\u00e9 si lze v\u016fbec p\u0159edstavit.<\/p>\n

P\u0159edstavte si vesm\u00edr jako ement\u00e1l. Dlouho jsme si mysleli, \u017ee my, tedy Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha, tvo\u0159\u00edme samotnou hutnou hmotu s\u00fdra. Nyn\u00ed se v\u0161ak s\u00a0mrazivou jistotou ukazuje, \u017ee ve skute\u010dnosti sed\u00edme p\u0159\u00edmo uprost\u0159ed t\u00e9 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u00edry.<\/p>\n

A pr\u00e1v\u011b tady za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 n\u00e1\u0161 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh. Des\u00edtky let se v\u011bdci pot\u00fdkali s\u00a0probl\u00e9mem, ze kter\u00e9ho jim \u0161la hlava kolem. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se mu Hubbleovo nap\u011bt\u00ed. O\u00a0co jde? Vesm\u00edr se od velk\u00e9ho t\u0159esku neust\u00e1le rozp\u00edn\u00e1<\/a>. Kdy\u017e se ale fyzici pokusili zm\u011b\u0159it rychlost tohoto rozp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed, narazili na neprostupnou ze\u010f.<\/p>\n

Pokud pou\u017eili metodu zkoumaj\u00edc\u00ed ran\u00fd vesm\u00edr pomoc\u00ed CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background\u00a0\u2013 kosmick\u00e9 mikrovlnn\u00e9 pozad\u00ed, tedy \u201eozv\u011bnu\u201c velk\u00e9ho t\u0159esku), vy\u0161la jim rychlost p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 67\u00a0kilometr\u016f za sekundu na megaparsek. Kdy\u017e ale rozp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011b\u0159ili pomoc\u00ed supernov typu Ia (vybuchuj\u00edc\u00edch hv\u011bzd v\u00a0na\u0161em \u201ebl\u00edzk\u00e9m\u201c okol\u00ed), dostali hodnotu necel\u00fdch 74\u00a0kilometr\u016f.<\/p>\n

Rozd\u00edl byl markantn\u00ed. Nebyla to drobn\u00e1 statistick\u00e1 chyba.Znamenalo to krizi. Bu\u010f byla ob\u011b na\u0161e nejlep\u0161\u00ed m\u011b\u0159\u00edtka \u0161patn\u00e1, nebo jsme naprosto nepochopili fungov\u00e1n\u00ed vesm\u00edru.Fyzika byla v konc\u00edch. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd standardn\u00ed model nedok\u00e1zal tento rozd\u00edl vysv\u011btlit.Odhalen\u00ed jm\u00e9nem KBC Void<\/p>\n

Nenach\u00e1z\u00edme se v\u00a0hust\u00e9m vl\u00e1knu galaxi\u00ed. Nach\u00e1z\u00edme se ve voidu. A\u00a0ne v\u00a0ledajak\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

Tato oblast dostala n\u00e1zev KBC Void (podle po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch p\u00edsmen p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed sv\u00fdch objevitel\u016f). Jde o\u00a0monstr\u00f3zn\u00ed pr\u00e1zdnotu, kter\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d zhruba 2\u00a0miliardy sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let. Pro p\u0159edstavu: to je tak obrovsk\u00e1 vzd\u00e1lenost, \u017ee i\u00a0sv\u011btlu let\u00edc\u00edmu tou nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enou rychlost\u00ed trv\u00e1 dv\u011b miliardy let, ne\u017e tuto pustinu v\u016fbec p\u0159el\u00e9tne. KBC Void je jednou z\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch zn\u00e1m\u00fdch struktur\u00a0\u2013 respektive \u201enestruktur\u201c\u00a0\u2013 jak\u00e9 kdy byly v\u00a0pozorovateln\u00e9m vesm\u00edru identifikov\u00e1ny. Na\u0161e domovsk\u00e1 galaxie, Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha, a\u00a0cel\u00e1 Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustava se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v\u00a0podstat\u011b v\u00a0jej\u00edm samotn\u00e9m centru.<\/p>\n

Jak na\u0161e adresa \u0159e\u0161\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed krizi<\/p>\n

A pr\u00e1v\u011b to je ten kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd d\u00edlek skl\u00e1da\u010dky, kter\u00fd v\u0161echno vysv\u011btluje. Pokud \u017eijete v\u00a0KBC Voidu, va\u0161e vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed reality je znateln\u011b naru\u0161en\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Jak to funguje v\u00a0praxi? P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee stoj\u00edte uprost\u0159ed rozlehl\u00e9, pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 haly. Na samotn\u00fdch okraj\u00edch haly, daleko od v\u00e1s, je obrovsk\u00fd dav lid\u00ed natla\u010den\u00fd na sebe. Gravitace ve vesm\u00edru funguje jako p\u0159ita\u017elivost tohoto davu. Hust\u0161\u00ed oblasti k\u00a0sob\u011b stahuj\u00ed hmotu z\u00a0t\u011bch \u0159id\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Tento jev vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed iluzi rychlej\u0161\u00edho rozp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed. Kdy\u017e se sv\u00fdmi teleskopy d\u00edv\u00e1me na bl\u00edzk\u00e9 galaxie uvnit\u0159 na\u0161eho voidu a\u00a0m\u011b\u0159\u00edme jejich rychlost vzdalov\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed supernov, nepozorujeme jen samotn\u00e9 rozp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed vesm\u00edru. Pozorujeme rozp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed plus to, jak jsou tyto galaxie vys\u00e1v\u00e1ny ven gravitac\u00ed z\u00a0okoln\u00ed, hutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hmoty.<\/p>\n

Lok\u00e1ln\u011b (uvnit\u0159 na\u0161\u00ed bubliny) se tedy v\u0161echno vzdaluje o\u00a0zhruba 10\u00a0% rychleji. Ale kdy\u017e se pod\u00edv\u00e1me mnohem d\u00e1l, na z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed z\u00a0po\u010d\u00e1tku v\u011bk\u016f, kter\u00e9 k\u00a0n\u00e1m putuje z\u00a0hlubin za hranicemi na\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1zdnoty, vid\u00edme skute\u010dnou, pr\u016fm\u011brnou hodnotu rozp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Co z\u00a0toho plyne pro lidstvo?<\/p>\n

Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee jsme \u201eobyvateli pustiny\u201c, m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed filozofick\u00e9 i\u00a0v\u011bdeck\u00e9 dopady. Ukazuje se, \u017ee nejsme jen nepatrn\u00e1 zrnka prachu v\u00a0nekone\u010dnu. Jsme zrnka prachu zapadl\u00e1 ve velice netypick\u00e9m, opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9m kout\u011b tohoto nekone\u010dna. Na\u0161e m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed byla dlouho chybn\u00e1 jen proto, \u017ee jsme si neuv\u011bdomili, jak podivn\u00e9 m\u00edsto k\u00a0\u017eivotu n\u00e1m vesm\u00edr p\u0159id\u011blil.<\/p>\n

Standardn\u00ed kosmologick\u00fd model \u039bCDM<\/a> (model zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed temnou energii a\u00a0studenou temnou hmotu) toti\u017e s\u00a0takto ob\u0159\u00edmi a\u00a0hlubok\u00fdmi pr\u00e1zdnotami v\u016fbec nepo\u010d\u00edtal. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed fyzici proto tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee existence KBC Voidu by mohla v\u00e9st a\u017e k\u00a0p\u0159eps\u00e1n\u00ed Newtonov\u00fdch a\u00a0Einsteinov\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f gravitace pro extr\u00e9mn\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti.<\/p>\n

D\u00edv\u00e1me se do tmy, \u017eijeme ve tm\u011b a\u00a0na\u0161e okno do reality je zkreslen\u00e9 sklem na\u0161\u00ed vlastn\u00ed samoty. KBC Void n\u00e1m d\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u016fle\u017eitou lekci z\u00a0pokory: nikdy nem\u016f\u017eete pochopit cel\u00fd obraz, dokud nezjist\u00edte, z\u00a0jak\u00e9ho m\u00edsta v\u00a0galerii se na n\u011bj vlastn\u011b d\u00edv\u00e1te.<\/p>\n

D\u00edky, \u017ee jste do\u010detli a\u017e sem! Douf\u00e1m, \u017ee a\u017e se p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b pod\u00edv\u00e1te na no\u010dn\u00ed oblohu a\u00a0poc\u00edt\u00edte tu skute\u010dnou hloubku vesm\u00edru, p\u0159estanete se c\u00edtit jako \u201emal\u00e9 zrnko prachu\u201c a\u00a0m\u00edsto toho si uv\u011bdom\u00edte, jakou vz\u00e1cnou n\u00e1hodou je, \u017ee se na\u0161e domovsk\u00e1 galaxie nach\u00e1z\u00ed zrovna v\u00a0centru tak gigantick\u00e9 a\u00a0z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 pr\u00e1zdnoty. Pokud v\u00e1m tento vhled do sv\u011bta kosmick\u00e9 pavu\u010diny a\u00a0konce m\u00fdt\u016f o\u00a0rovnom\u011brn\u011b rozprost\u0159en\u00e9m vesm\u00edru pomohl uvid\u011bt kr\u00e1su v\u00a0na\u0161\u00ed osam\u011bl\u00e9 adrese, budu moc r\u00e1d za va\u0161i podporu. Symbolick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek v\u00a0cen\u011b jedn\u00e9 kvalitn\u00ed k\u00e1vy mi pom\u016f\u017ee d\u00e1l sledovat tyto astrofyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed studie a\u00a0p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161et v\u00e1m fakta, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1m vracej\u00ed \u00fa\u017eas a\u00a0pokoru do ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

Do\u010detli jste a\u017e sem? Podpo\u0159te autora libovolnou \u010d\u00e1stkou.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Kdy\u017e se za jasn\u00e9 noci pod\u00edv\u00e1te na oblohu posetou tis\u00edci hv\u011bzd, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1te pocit, \u017ee je vesm\u00edr nesm\u00edrn\u011b…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":110397,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[13],"tags":[12469,6069,6101,2726,7496,74,73,7978,8279,78,75,2415,77,76,6068,1540,14096,2724],"class_list":["post-110396","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-veda-a-technika","tag-astrofyzika","tag-fyzika","tag-galaxie","tag-kosmos","tag-mlecna-draha","tag-science","tag-science-technology","tag-slunce","tag-slunecni-soustava","tag-technika","tag-technology","tag-temna-hmota","tag-veda","tag-veda-a-technika","tag-vedci","tag-vesmir","tag-vesmirne-technologie","tag-vyzkum-vesmiru"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116710370518307097","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110396","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=110396"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110396\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/110397"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=110396"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=110396"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=110396"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}