{"id":111046,"date":"2026-06-08T11:43:13","date_gmt":"2026-06-08T11:43:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/111046\/"},"modified":"2026-06-08T11:43:13","modified_gmt":"2026-06-08T11:43:13","slug":"svet-se-topi-v-oceli-oecd-varuje-pred-krizi-ktera-nejvic-boli-evropu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/111046\/","title":{"rendered":"Sv\u011bt se top\u00ed v oceli. OECD varuje p\u0159ed kriz\u00ed, kter\u00e1 nejv\u00edc bol\u00ed Evropu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sv\u011bt m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho oceli. P\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno: m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho kapacity na\u00a0jej\u00ed v\u00fdrobu. A\u00a0tento rozd\u00edl je pro\u00a0glob\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fmysl st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

Organizace pro\u00a0hospod\u00e1\u0159skou spolupr\u00e1ci a\u00a0rozvoj (OECD) varuje<\/a>, \u017ee glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ocel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd sektor \u010del\u00ed prohlubuj\u00edc\u00ed se\u00a0krizi nadv\u00fdroby. V\u00fdrobn\u00ed kapacity rostou navzdory slab\u00e9 popt\u00e1vce, st\u00e1tn\u00ed podpory deformuj\u00ed konkurenci a\u00a0p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e1 produkce se\u00a0tla\u010d\u00ed na\u00a0trhy, kde podkop\u00e1v\u00e1 ceny i\u00a0ziskovost dom\u00e1c\u00edch producent\u016f.<\/p>\n

Ocel p\u0159itom nen\u00ed oby\u010dejn\u00e1 komodita. Je z\u00e1kladn\u00edm vstupem pro\u00a0stavebnictv\u00ed, automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, energetickou infrastrukturu, obranu, v\u00fdrobu, elektromobily i\u00a0datov\u00e1 centra. Pokud se\u00a0dom\u00e1c\u00ed ocel\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed dostane pod\u00a0dlouhodob\u00fd tlak a\u00a0ztrat\u00ed ekonomickou \u017eivotaschopnost, nejde jen o\u00a0probl\u00e9m jedn\u00e9 bran\u017ee. Jde o\u00a0ot\u00e1zku pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b to dlouhodob\u011b zd\u016fraz\u0148uje i\u00a0\u0161\u00e9f T\u0159ineck\u00fdch \u017eelez\u00e1ren Roman Heide. \u201eV\u00a0na\u0161em \u017eivot\u011b je ocel nezastupiteln\u00e1,\u201c \u0159ekl v\u00a0rozhovoru pro\u00a0Hrot24<\/a>. A\u00a0dodal, \u017ee ji podle n\u011bj v\u00a0tomto ani p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm\u00a0stolet\u00ed nic nevytla\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Podle OECD m\u016f\u017ee glob\u00e1ln\u00ed nadbytek v\u00fdrobn\u00edch kapacit vzr\u016fst z\u00a0640 milion\u016f tun v\u00a0roce 2025 na\u00a0745 milion\u016f tun v\u00a0roce 2028. To je obrovsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo: p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e1 kapacita by p\u0159esahovala sou\u010dasnou ro\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdrobu v\u0161ech zem\u00ed OECD o\u00a0stovky milion\u016f tun.<\/p>\n

Jin\u00fdmi slovy: sv\u011bt by mohl m\u00edt k\u00a0dispozici mnohem v\u00edce hut\u00ed, vysok\u00fdch pec\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00e1lcoven, ne\u017e kolik trh dok\u00e1\u017ee rozumn\u011b absorbovat.<\/p>\n

Kapacita roste, popt\u00e1vka skoro ne <\/p>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m je tempo. Mezi lety 2026 a\u00a02028 m\u00e1 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed popt\u00e1vka po\u00a0oceli podle odhad\u016f vzr\u016fst jen o\u00a034 milion\u016f tun. V\u00fdrobci ale ve\u00a0stejn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed p\u0159idat a\u017e\u00a0139 milion\u016f tun nov\u00e9 kapacity.<\/p>\n

To je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed nerovnov\u00e1ha. Ocel\u00e1rny se\u00a0nestav\u00ed na\u00a0p\u00e1r m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, ale na\u00a0desetilet\u00ed. Jakmile kapacita vznikne, jej\u00ed vlastn\u00edci maj\u00ed silnou motivaci vyr\u00e1b\u011bt i\u00a0v\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00fdch mar\u017e\u00ed, proto\u017ee\u00a0fixn\u00ed n\u00e1klady jsou vysok\u00e9 a\u00a0odstaven\u00ed provozu b\u00fdv\u00e1 politicky i\u00a0soci\u00e1ln\u011b citliv\u00e9.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledkem je tlak na\u00a0ceny. Slab\u0161\u00ed popt\u00e1vka, rostouc\u00ed kapacita a\u00a0agresivn\u00ed export vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e tr\u017en\u011b orientovan\u00ed producenti ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed schopnost investovat, modernizovat a\u00a0dekarbonizovat. To je pro\u00a0Evropu zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9, proto\u017ee\u00a0jej\u00ed ocel\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed m\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 se\u00a0od\u00a0n\u011bj o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 masivn\u00ed zelen\u00e1 transformace.<\/p>\n

Tato kombinace dopad\u00e1 i\u00a0na\u00a0\u010cesko. T\u0159ineck\u00e9 \u017eelez\u00e1rny z\u016fstaly po\u00a0p\u00e1du Liberty<\/a> posledn\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm v\u00fdrobcem oceli z vysok\u00e9 pece v zemi. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 stoj\u00ed p\u0159ed investicemi do dekarbonizace, kter\u00e9 podle Heideho<\/a> samy o sob\u011b firmu neposouvaj\u00ed do siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed konkuren\u010dn\u00ed pozice. \u201eTa investice n\u00e1s vlastn\u011b nikam byznysov\u011b neposouv\u00e1,\u201c \u0159ekl k pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b technologie v\u00fdroby.<\/p>\n

\"Spr\u00e1vce<\/a> \u010c\u00edna\u00a0jako hlavn\u00ed prom\u011bnn\u00e1 <\/p>\n

Centrem probl\u00e9mu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010c\u00edna. OECD upozor\u0148uje<\/a>, \u017ee velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st r\u016fstu kapacit se\u00a0v\u00a0posledn\u00edch dvou dek\u00e1d\u00e1ch odehr\u00e1vala mimo zem\u011b OECD, \u010dasto za\u00a0podpory st\u00e1tu. Pr\u00e1v\u011b st\u00e1tn\u00ed dotace a\u00a0netr\u017en\u00ed praktiky jsou podle organizace jednou z\u00a0hlavn\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din nadkapacity.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed v\u00fdrobci oceli loni vyvezli rekordn\u00edch 131 milion\u016f tun oceli. To bylo o\u00a0153 procent v\u00edce ne\u017e v\u00a0roce 2020 a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u00edce, ne\u017e \u010dinila celkov\u00e1 produkce oceli v\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9 unii v\u00a0dan\u00e9m roce.<\/p>\n

Tato \u010d\u00edsla ukazuj\u00ed, pro\u010d je evropsk\u00e1 nervozita tak velk\u00e1. Pokud zem\u011b s\u00a0obrovskou v\u00fdrobn\u00ed z\u00e1kladnou a\u00a0slab\u0161\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed popt\u00e1vkou vyv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ebyte\u010dnou produkci na\u00a0sv\u011btov\u00e9 trhy, cena se\u00a0st\u00e1v\u00e1 zbran\u00ed. Evropsk\u00fd v\u00fdrobce pak nesout\u011b\u017e\u00ed jen s\u00a0efektivitou \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 hut\u011b, ale i\u00a0s\u00a0cel\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem dotac\u00ed, levn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vstup\u016f, rozd\u00edln\u00e9 regulace a\u00a0st\u00e1tn\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 politiky.<\/p>\n

OECD uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee medi\u00e1nov\u00e1 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 ocel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 firma dostala v\u00a0roce 2024 ve\u00a0vztahu k\u00a0celkov\u00fdm aktiv\u016fm dotace odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed patn\u00e1ctin\u00e1sobku podpory, kterou dost\u00e1vali v\u00fdrobci jinde. To z\u00e1sadn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed pravidla sout\u011b\u017ee.<\/p>\n

Evropa v\u00a0nev\u00fdhodn\u00e9 kombinaci <\/p>\n

Evropsk\u00e9 ocel\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed je zasa\u017een\u00e9 hned z\u00a0n\u011bkolika stran. M\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady na\u00a0pr\u00e1ci, dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed energii a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed environment\u00e1ln\u00ed standardy. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u010del\u00ed dovozn\u00edmu tlaku ze\u00a0zem\u00ed, kde jsou n\u00e1klady ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0st\u00e1tn\u00ed podpora v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

To by samo o\u00a0sob\u011b bylo obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9. Jen\u017ee\u00a0do\u00a0toho p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed tlak: energetick\u00e1 nejistota spojen\u00e1 s\u00a0v\u00e1lkou v\u00a0\u00cdr\u00e1nu a\u00a0\u0161ir\u0161\u00edm nap\u011bt\u00edm\u00a0na\u00a0energetick\u00fdch trz\u00edch. Energie mohou tvo\u0159it a\u017e\u00a040 procent n\u00e1klad\u016f v\u00fdroby oceli. Pokud ceny energi\u00ed rostou, evropsk\u00e9 hut\u011b jsou zasa\u017eeny tvrd\u011bji ne\u017e konkurenti v\u00a0regionech s\u00a0levn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi vstupy.<\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9m nen\u00ed pouze v\u00a0samotn\u00e9 cen\u011b elekt\u0159iny nebo plynu. Ocel\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed pot\u0159ebuje p\u0159edv\u00eddatelnost. Investice do\u00a0nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed, elektrick\u00fdch obloukov\u00fdch pec\u00ed, vod\u00edku\u00a0nebo n\u00edzkoemisn\u00ed v\u00fdroby vy\u017eaduj\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9 pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pokud se\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 hrout\u00ed ceny kv\u016fli glob\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159ebytku kapacity a\u00a0rostou vstupn\u00ed n\u00e1klady, investi\u010dn\u00ed logika se\u00a0rozpad\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Evropsk\u00fd v\u00fdrobce je pak v\u00a0paradoxn\u00ed situaci: m\u00e1 investovat do\u00a0dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed zelen\u00e9 v\u00fdroby, ale prod\u00e1v\u00e1 do\u00a0trhu, kde cenu tla\u010d\u00ed dol\u016f p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e1 a\u00a0\u010dasto levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed produkce ze\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto ocel\u00e1\u0159i\u00a0upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee zelen\u00e1 transformace nem\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t jen na\u00a0administrativn\u00edm tlaku. Pokud se\u00a0evropsk\u00e9 hut\u011b maj\u00ed modernizovat, ale sou\u010dasn\u011b sout\u011b\u017e\u00ed s\u00a0dotovanou produkc\u00ed a\u00a0dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed energi\u00ed, st\u00e1v\u00e1 se\u00a0dekarbonizace nikoli v\u00fdhodou, ale dal\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1kladov\u00fdm handicapem.<\/p>\n

Obch\u00e1zen\u00ed cel a\u00a0nov\u00e1 obchodn\u00ed hra <\/p>\n

OECD upozor\u0148uje<\/a> i na mo\u017en\u00e9 obch\u00e1zen\u00ed obchodn\u00edch bari\u00e9r. \u010c\u00e1st export\u00e9r\u016f m\u016f\u017ee pos\u00edlat polotovary do jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie, kde se d\u00e1le zpracuj\u00ed a n\u00e1sledn\u011b reexportuj\u00ed na trhy OECD. Prudk\u00fd r\u016fst \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdvozu polotovar\u016f do regionu nazna\u010duje, \u017ee tudy m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st cesta, jak obch\u00e1zet cla, antidumpingov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed nebo jin\u00e1 omezen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

To je pro\u00a0obchodn\u00ed politiku velmi nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Nesta\u010d\u00ed chr\u00e1nit trh proti hotov\u00e9 oceli z\u00a0jedn\u00e9 zem\u011b, pokud se\u00a0tok p\u0159esune p\u0159es\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek \u0159et\u011bzce. Regul\u00e1to\u0159i\u00a0mus\u00ed sledovat p\u016fvod, p\u0159idanou hodnotu, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed i\u00a0skute\u010dnou ekonomickou podstatu obchodu.<\/p>\n

Ocel se\u00a0tak st\u00e1v\u00e1 typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem nov\u00e9 \u00e9ry globalizace. Trh nen\u00ed voln\u00fd v\u00a0klasick\u00e9m smyslu. Je propleten\u00fd s\u00a0dotacemi, geopolitikou, pr\u016fmyslovou politikou, klimatick\u00fdmi pravidly a\u00a0obch\u00e1zen\u00edm obchodn\u00edch bari\u00e9r. Kdo se\u00a0d\u00edv\u00e1 jen na\u00a0cenu tuny oceli, nevid\u00ed cel\u00fd probl\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

\"Popt\u00e1vka<\/a> Suroviny jako dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fazk\u00e9 hrdlo <\/p>\n

K\u00a0tlaku na\u00a0hotovou ocel se\u00a0p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 tlak na\u00a0vstupy. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 ocel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 zem\u011b nen\u00ed pln\u011b sob\u011bsta\u010dn\u00e1 ve\u00a0v\u0161ech surovin\u00e1ch pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch pro\u00a0v\u00fdrobu. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 roste po\u010det exportn\u00edch omezen\u00ed na\u00a0kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n

Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je ocelov\u00fd \u0161rot. Ten je z\u00e1sadn\u00edm vstupem pro\u00a0elektrick\u00e9 obloukov\u00e9 pece, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed hr\u00e1t velkou roli v\u00a0n\u00edzkoemisn\u00ed v\u00fdrob\u011b oceli. OECD upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee v\u00fdvoz \u0161rotu dnes omezuje 42 zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

To m\u00e1 dvoj\u00ed efekt. Na\u00a0jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b se\u00a0st\u00e1ty sna\u017e\u00ed chr\u00e1nit vlastn\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 vstupy. Na\u00a0stran\u011b druh\u00e9 t\u00edm\u00a0zvy\u0161uj\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed na\u00a0trhu a\u00a0komplikuj\u00ed dekarbonizaci tam, kde je v\u00fdroba v\u00edce z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na\u00a0recyklovan\u00e9 oceli.<\/p>\n

Evropa, kter\u00e1 chce zelen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ocel\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, tak nar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed nejen na\u00a0levn\u00fd dovoz, ale i\u00a0na\u00a0dostupnost materi\u00e1l\u016f pro\u00a0vlastn\u00ed technologickou transformaci.<\/p>\n

Strategick\u00e9 odv\u011btv\u00ed, nikoli star\u00fd pr\u016fmysl <\/p>\n

Ocel b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dasto vn\u00edm\u00e1na\u00a0jako symbol star\u00e9 ekonomiky. To je omyl. Bez\u00a0oceli nelze stav\u011bt energetick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b, v\u011btrn\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny, \u017eeleznice, obrannou infrastrukturu, tov\u00e1rny, datov\u00e1 centra ani modern\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 komplexy.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se\u00a0krize ocel\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed ned\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161it jen jako b\u011b\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m trhu. Pokud Evropa ztrat\u00ed velkou \u010d\u00e1st dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdroby, m\u016f\u017ee se\u00a0dostat do\u00a0z\u00e1vislosti na\u00a0dovozu strategick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu ve\u00a0chv\u00edli, kdy geopolitick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed roste.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9m kontextu to Heide popsal p\u0159\u00edmo\u010da\u0159e:<\/a> \u201eBez oceli se budeme v budoucnu t\u011b\u017eko br\u00e1nit.\u201c Podle n\u011bj je p\u0159edstava, \u017ee by st\u00e1t mohl v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed krize ocel jednodu\u0161e dokupovat, problematick\u00e1, proto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00fdrobce se v dob\u011b ohro\u017een\u00ed soust\u0159ed\u00ed nejprve na vlastn\u00ed zemi.<\/p>\n

To je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na\u00a0pro\u00a0obranu, energetiku a\u00a0infrastrukturu. St\u00e1t, kter\u00fd nem\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstup ke\u00a0spolehliv\u00fdm dod\u00e1vk\u00e1m oceli, m\u00e1 omezenou schopnost rychle stav\u011bt, opravovat a\u00a0vyr\u00e1b\u011bt v\u00a0krizov\u00fdch situac\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0tohoto pohledu nen\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou, zda m\u00e1 b\u00fdt ocel\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u011bno za\u00a0ka\u017edou cenu. Ot\u00e1zkou je, jak odli\u0161it legitimn\u00ed pr\u016fmyslovou bezpe\u010dnost od\u00a0neefektivn\u00edho udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed kapacit, kter\u00e9 by bez\u00a0politick\u00e9 podpory ned\u00e1valy smysl.<\/p>\n

\"EU<\/a> OECD vol\u00e1 po\u00a0f\u00e9rov\u00fdch pravidlech <\/p>\n

Gener\u00e1ln\u00ed tajemn\u00edk\u00a0OECD Mathias Cormann uved<\/a>l, \u017ee je t\u0159eba \u0159e\u0161it ko\u0159enov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny probl\u00e9mu, v\u010detn\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00fdch dotac\u00ed a\u00a0netr\u017en\u00edch praktik. Podle n\u011bj je nutn\u00e1 siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce a\u00a0rovn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro\u00a0v\u00fdrobce oceli.<\/p>\n

To zn\u00ed technokraticky, ale ve\u00a0skute\u010dnosti jde o\u00a0velmi politickou v\u00fdzvu. Ocel\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed je v\u00a0mnoha zem\u00edch spojeno s\u00a0pracovn\u00edmi m\u00edsty, regiony, odbory a\u00a0pr\u016fmyslovou identitou. Omezit dotace nebo zastavit nadbyte\u010dn\u00e9 kapacity je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9, proto\u017ee\u00a0kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 n\u00e1klady jsou viditeln\u00e9 a\u00a0politicky bolestiv\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Jen\u017ee\u00a0ne\u0159e\u0161en\u00e1 nadkapacita m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 n\u00e1klady. Ni\u010d\u00ed mar\u017ee, oslabuje investice, zvy\u0161uje obchodn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed a\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k\u00a0dominov\u00e9mu p\u00e1du v\u00fdrobc\u016f v\u00a0zem\u00edch, kter\u00e9 hraj\u00ed podle tr\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pravidel.<\/p>\n

Krize, kter\u00e1 se\u00a0sama nesprav\u00ed <\/p>\n

Ocel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd trh se\u00a0v\u00a0minulosti pohyboval v\u00a0cyklech. Popt\u00e1vka po\u00a0stavebnictv\u00ed, autech nebo infrastruktu\u0159e kol\u00edsala a\u00a0s\u00a0n\u00ed i\u00a0ceny. Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 situace je ale hlub\u0161\u00ed. Nejde jen o\u00a0slabou f\u00e1zi cyklu. Jde o\u00a0struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159ebytek kapacit, kter\u00fd je poh\u00e1n\u011bn st\u00e1tn\u00ed podporou, geopolitikou a\u00a0pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdmi strategiemi jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Evropa v\u00a0t\u00e9to h\u0159e nem\u00e1 jednoduchou pozici. Pokud bude chr\u00e1nit trh p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 m\u00e1lo, riskuje \u00fapadek strategick\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu. Pokud ho bude chr\u00e1nit p\u0159\u00edli\u0161, zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady pro\u00a0odb\u011bratele oceli a\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee po\u0161kodit vlastn\u00ed stavebnictv\u00ed, automobilky i\u00a0v\u00fdrobce stroj\u016f. Pokud bude tla\u010dit na\u00a0zelenou transformaci bez\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed nadkapacity, m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159im\u011bt evropsk\u00e9 hut\u011b investovat do\u00a0dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdroby, kterou trh nezaplat\u00ed.<\/p>\n

To je j\u00e1dro krize. Ocel\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed pot\u0159ebuje modernizaci, ale sou\u010dasn\u011b \u010del\u00ed cenov\u00e9mu tlaku, kter\u00fd modernizaci podkop\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\"Ocelov\u00e1<\/a> Ocel jako test pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 politiky <\/p>\n

Krize oceli bude jedn\u00edm z\u00a0test\u016f nov\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 politiky Evropy. Uk\u00e1\u017ee, zda EU dok\u00e1\u017ee spojit obchodn\u00ed obranu, energetickou politiku, klimatick\u00e9 c\u00edle a\u00a0strategickou sob\u011bsta\u010dnost do\u00a0jednoho funk\u010dn\u00edho r\u00e1mce.<\/p>\n

Nesta\u010d\u00ed zav\u00e9st cla. Nesta\u010d\u00ed dotovat zelenou ocel. Nesta\u010d\u00ed mluvit o\u00a0strategick\u00e9 autonomii. Pokud glob\u00e1ln\u00ed trh z\u016fstane zaplaven\u00fd levnou p\u0159ebyte\u010dnou produkc\u00ed, budou evropsk\u00e9 hut\u011b d\u00e1l pod\u00a0tlakem. A\u00a0pokud budou energie dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u\u00a0konkurence, tlak se\u00a0je\u0161t\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

OECD varuje, \u017ee pokud sou\u010dasn\u00e9 trendy budou pokra\u010dovat, dlouhodob\u00e1 \u017eivotaschopnost sektoru a\u00a0ekonomick\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost mnoha zem\u00ed budou ohro\u017eeny.<\/p>\n

To je st\u0159\u00edzliv\u00e9, ale tvrd\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed. Sv\u011bt nepot\u0159ebuje dal\u0161\u00ed ocel\u00e1\u0159skou kapacitu za\u00a0ka\u017edou cenu. Pot\u0159ebuje m\u00e9n\u011b deformovan\u00fd trh, f\u00e9rov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sout\u011b\u017e a\u00a0investice do\u00a0v\u00fdroby, kter\u00e1 bude ekonomicky i\u00a0ekologicky udr\u017eiteln\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Jinak se\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t, \u017ee Evropa bude m\u00edt v\u00a0dob\u011b geopolitick\u00e9 nejistoty zelen\u00e9 ambice, ale ztracenou pr\u016fmyslovou z\u00e1kladnu. A\u00a0ocel, kter\u00e1 je pot\u0159eba pro\u00a0obranu, energetiku i\u00a0infrastrukturu, bude st\u00e1le v\u00edce dov\u00e1\u017eet z\u00a0trh\u016f, jejich\u017e pravidla sama neur\u010duje.<\/p>\n

Pro\u00a0\u010cesko to nen\u00ed abstraktn\u00ed debata. Pokud je T\u0159inec posledn\u00ed velkou dom\u00e1c\u00ed pojistkou v\u00fdroby oceli, pak nejde jen o\u00a0jednu firmu a\u00a0jej\u00ed n\u00e1klady. Jde o\u00a0ot\u00e1zku, zda m\u00e1 st\u00e1t v\u00a0krizov\u00e9 dob\u011b vlastn\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd z\u00e1klad, nebo pouze v\u00edru, \u017ee mu jej n\u011bkdo prod\u00e1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Sv\u011bt m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho oceli. P\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno: m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho kapacity na\u00a0jej\u00ed v\u00fdrobu. A\u00a0tento rozd\u00edl je pro\u00a0glob\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fmysl…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":111047,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[3],"tags":[31998,202,31990,31976,31975,847,32004,31979,32003,32000,109,108,106,31983,31992,31991,31981,31988,31974,18169,31980,31977,32005,31973,31995,31994,31997,12402,31985,31986,31984,31987,4613,32002,9501,31971,31972,31999,31996,4084,31993,14910,32001,31978,11737,31989,31982],"class_list":["post-111046","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-evropa","tag-antidumping","tag-cina","tag-cinska-ocel","tag-cinske-dotace-ocelarny","tag-cinsky-export-oceli-131-milionu-tun","tag-cla","tag-dekarbonizace-oceli","tag-draha-energie-ocelarny","tag-elektricke-obloukove-pece","tag-energeticke-naklady","tag-europa","tag-europe","tag-evropa","tag-evropska-prumyslova-bezpecnost","tag-evropske-ocelarstvi","tag-export-oceli","tag-exportni-omezeni-srotu","tag-globalni-nadkapacita-oceli","tag-globalni-ocelarstvi","tag-jihovychodni-asie","tag-kolik-stoji-vyroba-oceli","tag-krize-evropskych-huti","tag-mathias-cormann","tag-nadkapacita-oceli-745-milionu-tun","tag-nadvyroba","tag-netrzni-praktiky","tag-obchodni-bariery","tag-ocel","tag-ocel-pro-datova-centra","tag-ocel-pro-elektromobily","tag-ocel-pro-obranu","tag-ocelarska-krize","tag-ocelarsky-prumysl","tag-ocelovy-srot","tag-oecd","tag-oecd-steel-outlook","tag-oecd-varuje-ocel","tag-polotovary-z-oceli","tag-prebytecna-kapacita","tag-prumyslova-politika","tag-statni-dotace","tag-strategicka-autonomie","tag-suroviny-pro-ocelarstvi","tag-thyssenkrupp-duisburg","tag-valka-v-iranu","tag-vyroba-oceli","tag-zelena-ocel"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"","error":"Validation failed: Text character limit of 500 exceeded"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111046","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111046"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111046\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/111047"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111046"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=111046"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=111046"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}