{"id":111377,"date":"2026-06-08T15:54:20","date_gmt":"2026-06-08T15:54:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/111377\/"},"modified":"2026-06-08T15:54:20","modified_gmt":"2026-06-08T15:54:20","slug":"prokleti-hojnosti-jak-nas-neoliticka-revoluce-posunula-vpred-ale-zkratila-nam-zivot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/111377\/","title":{"rendered":"Proklet\u00ed hojnosti: Jak n\u00e1s neolitick\u00e1 revoluce posunula vp\u0159ed, ale zkr\u00e1tila n\u00e1m \u017eivot"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Neolit p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cz\">Obdob\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako neolit \u010di mlad\u0161\u00ed doba kamenn\u00e1 p\u0159edstavuje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zlom v\u00a0historii lidstva, ne n\u00e1hodou se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 i\u00a0ozna\u010den\u00ed neolitick\u00e1 revoluce. P\u0159echod k\u00a0zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed toti\u017e umo\u017enil jednotliv\u00fdm komunit\u00e1m setrv\u00e1vat na jednom m\u00edst\u011b, co\u017e vedlo ke vzniku m\u011bst. Spolu se zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm relativn\u00edho dostatku potravy to potom vedlo k\u00a0rozvoji specializovan\u00fdch \u0159emesel a\u00a0obecn\u011b dramatick\u00e9mu kulturn\u00edmu a\u00a0hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoji tehdej\u0161\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cz\">N\u00e1stup neolitu se li\u0161\u00ed podle konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho regionu. Pokud z\u016fstaneme v\u00a0Evrop\u011b a\u00a0jej\u00edm bl\u00edzk\u00e9m okol\u00ed, pak prvn\u00ed neolitick\u00e1 centra za\u010dala vznikat v\u00a0oblasti tzv. \u00darodn\u00e9ho p\u016flm\u011bs\u00edce, tedy v\u00a0oblasti dne\u0161n\u00edho Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu. U\u00a0n\u00e1s ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b nastoupil neolit okolo roku 6000\u00a0p\u0159. n. l. Stejn\u011b jako jinde se v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0t\u00edm projevily n\u011bkter\u00e9 zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 fenom\u00e9ny. \u0160lo t\u0159eba o\u00a0paradoxn\u00ed zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed d\u00e9lky \u017eivota a\u00a0vznik civiliza\u010dn\u00edch chorob.<\/p>\n<p>Pro\u010d v\u00a0neolitu um\u00edrali lid\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edv?<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cz\">Intuice n\u00e1m \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159echod od lovu k\u00a0usedl\u00e9mu zp\u016fsobu \u017eivota bude m\u00edt na st\u0159edn\u00ed d\u00e9lku \u017eivota sp\u00ed\u0161e pozitivn\u00ed vliv. \u010clov\u011bk se najednou nemusel rv\u00e1t s\u00a0divok\u00fdmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty, sn\u00ed\u017eilo se riziko zran\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0tak\u00e9 odpadlo n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 a\u00a0vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed st\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00ed velkou v\u00fdhodou zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed bylo, \u017ee se stabilizoval p\u0159\u00edsun potravin a\u00a0hlad hrozil o\u00a0pozn\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto ne\u017e v\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy byly komunity z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nosti lovu. A\u00a0p\u0159esto to tak nebylo, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed lidem zpo\u010d\u00e1tku \u017eivot naopak sp\u00ed\u0161e zkr\u00e1tilo.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" height=\"2560\"   width=\"3840\" src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/nastroje-neolitickych-zemedelcu.jpeg\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"sync\" class=\"e_ah e_af\"\/>Foto: Gary Todd, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cz\">N\u011bkter\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje neolitick\u00fdch zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cz\">Krom\u011b nepopirateln\u00fdch v\u00fdhod, kter\u00e9 se uk\u00e1zaly jako naprosto z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, p\u0159inesl neolit \u010dlov\u011bku i\u00a0zm\u011bny, kter\u00e9 byly naopak negativn\u00ed. Do\u0161lo ke zm\u011bn\u011b \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu a\u00a0tak\u00e9 stravy. A\u00a0pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0tom byl probl\u00e9m. Vysok\u00fd pod\u00edl obiln\u00e9 stravy zp\u016fsobil \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kazivost zub\u016f a\u00a0tak\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161il rizika osteopor\u00f3zy. T\u00fdkalo se to hlavn\u011b \u017een. Ty si toti\u017e najednou mohly dovolit starat se o\u00a0v\u00edce d\u011bt\u00ed a\u00a0rodily \u010dast\u011bji. \u010cast\u00e9 porody riziko osteopor\u00f3zy zna\u010dn\u011b zn\u00e1sobily.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cz\">Zapom\u00ednat nem\u016f\u017eeme ani na to, \u017ee lid\u00e9 se najednou ocitli v\u00a0ka\u017edodenn\u00edm kontaktu s\u00a0dom\u00e1c\u00edmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty. To zase p\u0159ineslo \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0epidemie, t\u0159eba tuberkul\u00f3zy. I\u00a0to se n\u00e1sledn\u011b projevilo ve zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 \u00famrtnosti.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cz\">V tomto obdob\u00ed se pohybovala st\u0159edn\u00ed d\u00e9lka \u017eivota n\u011bkde mezi 19\u00a0\u2013 24\u00a0lety. U\u00a0\u017een to bylo nav\u00edc pom\u011brn\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e u\u00a0mu\u017e\u016f. Odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed se v\u00a0tom \u010dast\u00e1 \u00famrt\u00ed p\u0159i porodu, ale tak\u00e9 rychlej\u0161\u00ed vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed organismu v\u00a0d\u016fsledku t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed \u010di kojen\u00ed. Celkov\u011b se v\u011bku 50\u00a0let do\u017eilo jen 3,3\u00a0% lid\u00ed, u\u00a0\u017een to bylo jen 2,4\u00a0%.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cz\">Je to tedy zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 uk\u00e1zka toho, jak komplexn\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017ee historie b\u00fdt a\u00a0jak se mohou spole\u010densk\u00e9 zm\u011bny odrazit dokonce i\u00a0ve zdravotn\u00edm stavu populace, mnohdy dosti ne\u010dekan\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem.<\/p>\n<p class=\"e_cz\">Zdroje informac\u00ed: Miroslav B\u00e1rta a\u00a0kolektiv, Civilizace a\u00a0d\u011bjiny: Historie sv\u011bta pohledem dvaceti \u010desk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f, Academia, 2013<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Neolit p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed Obdob\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako neolit \u010di mlad\u0161\u00ed doba kamenn\u00e1 p\u0159edstavuje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zlom v\u00a0historii lidstva, ne n\u00e1hodou se&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":111378,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[13],"tags":[3344,32058,23635,4505,441,15648,32057,745,486,74,73,351,2956,54,78,75,81,77,76,437,590,1087],"class_list":["post-111377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-veda-a-technika","tag-archeologie","tag-choroby","tag-delka-zivota","tag-epidemie","tag-historie","tag-muzi-vs-zeny","tag-neolit","tag-porod","tag-pravek","tag-science","tag-science-technology","tag-smrt","tag-strava","tag-svet","tag-technika","tag-technology","tag-umrti","tag-veda","tag-veda-a-technika","tag-zajimavosti","tag-zemedelstvi","tag-zeny"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116715301657369927","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111377","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111377"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111377\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/111378"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111377"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=111377"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=111377"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}