{"id":112577,"date":"2026-06-09T16:52:13","date_gmt":"2026-06-09T16:52:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/112577\/"},"modified":"2026-06-09T16:52:13","modified_gmt":"2026-06-09T16:52:13","slug":"sucho-v-lesich-stoji-desitky-miliard-a-zmeni-je-k-nepoznani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/112577\/","title":{"rendered":"Sucho v\u00a0les\u00edch stoj\u00ed des\u00edtky miliard a\u00a0zm\u011bn\u00ed je k\u00a0nepozn\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dlouhodob\u00e9 sucho v\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch les\u00edch p\u0159isp\u011blo p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety k\u00a0rozvoji k\u016frovcov\u00e9 kalamity, proto\u017ee oslaben\u00e9 stromy byly v\u016f\u010di napaden\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b odoln\u00e9. K\u016frovce se od t\u00e9 doby poda\u0159ilo v\u00fdrazn\u011b omezit, sucho ale pro \u010desk\u00e9 lesy nad\u00e1le p\u0159edstavuje v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 riziko. Podle v\u011bdc\u016f nav\u00edc zm\u011bna klimatu postupn\u011b prom\u011bn\u00ed druhovou skladbu les\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou za n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek let vypadat v\u00fdrazn\u011b jinak ne\u017e dnes.<\/p>\n

\u201eVyso\u010dina p\u0159i k\u016frovcov\u00e9 kalamit\u011b p\u0159i\u0161la o\u00a0zhruba t\u0159etinu smrkov\u00fdch porost\u016f. Sucho se ale nezastavilo a\u00a0trend oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed planety se sp\u00ed\u0161e zhor\u0161il, tak\u017ee neo\u010dek\u00e1vejme \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z\u00e1zraky. U\u017e je to vid\u011bt v\u00a0ter\u00e9nu,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Constantin Kinsk\u00fd, kter\u00fd na \u017d\u010f\u00e1rsku hospoda\u0159\u00ed na necel\u00fdch \u0161esti tis\u00edc\u00edch hektarech les\u016f.<\/p>\n

Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd vodn\u00ed stres<\/p>\n

Leto\u0161n\u00ed jaro negativn\u00ed trend je\u0161t\u011b zv\u00fdraznilo. Nezvykle vysok\u00e9 teploty spolu s\u00a0podpr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdmi sr\u00e1\u017ekami, kter\u00fdch podle hydrometeorolog\u016f oproti dlouhodob\u00e9mu pr\u016fm\u011bru napadlo jen 57\u00a0procent, prohloubily v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010desk\u00fdch regionech, v\u010detn\u011b Vyso\u010diny, nedostatek p\u016fdn\u00ed vl\u00e1hy a\u00a0znovu p\u0159ipomn\u011bly dlouhodobou zranitelnost \u010desk\u00fdch les\u016f v\u016f\u010di suchu.<\/p>\n

Podle \u00fadaj\u016f projektu DendroNetwork, kter\u00fd monitoruje stav lesn\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f, trp\u00ed v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti nedostatkem vody kolem 77\u00a0procent lesn\u00edch porost\u016f v\u00a0\u010cesku. Takto posti\u017een\u00e9 stromy \u010del\u00ed takzvan\u00e9mu vodn\u00edmu deficitu.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201eNejprve kles\u00e1 vitalita strom\u016f, co\u017e s\u00a0sebou nese dal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my. Strom mohou napadnout r\u016fzn\u00e9 patogeny a\u00a0\u0161k\u016fdci, a\u00a0pokud je sucho extr\u00e9mn\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee ho to zahubit,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 vedouc\u00ed projektu DendroNetwork Jan Krejza. \u201eRozhodn\u011b vid\u00edme obrovsk\u00fd pokles vitality, stromy skute\u010dn\u011b nejsou v\u00a0dobr\u00e9 kondici,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Tento v\u00fdvoj se projevuje v\u00a0\u0159ad\u011b ohled\u016f lesn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, od v\u00fdsadby sazenic po t\u011b\u017ebu d\u0159eva. Hroz\u00ed tak\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f. V\u00a0d\u016fsledku klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny se bude postupn\u011b m\u011bnit i\u00a0skladba les\u016f. V\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch regionech a\u00a0poloh\u00e1ch pak bude velmi t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 v\u016fbec lesn\u00ed porosty udr\u017eet.<\/p>\n

\u201eTe\u010f jsme je\u0161t\u011b st\u00e1le v\u00a0jarn\u00edm obdob\u00ed, kdy by mohlo zales\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u00edhat, ale v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b by to ned\u00e1valo smysl. Mortalita \u010derstv\u011b vysazen\u00fdch sazenic by toti\u017e mohla b\u00fdt obrovsk\u00e1,\u201c upozor\u0148uje Krejza s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee n\u00e1stroje jako DendroNetwork nebo InterSucho umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u00eddat podm\u00ednky pro v\u00fdsadbu na n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed dop\u0159edu.<\/p>\n

Foto: Seznam Zpr\u00e1vy, Shutterstock.com<\/p>\n

\u200b<\/p>\n

\u010cesko se pot\u00fdk\u00e1 s\u00a0vlnami veder a\u00a0dlouhodob\u00e9ho sucha. Seri\u00e1l Seznam Zpr\u00e1v Byznys popisuje, jak vyprahlost krajiny ovliv\u0148uje \u017eivot ve v\u0161ech sf\u00e9r\u00e1ch a\u00a0kolik to bude st\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Ve st\u00e1tn\u00edm podniku Lesy \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky (L\u010cR) nicm\u00e9n\u011b v\u00fdsadba prob\u00edh\u00e1, je ale mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee bude n\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e obvykle. \u201eSazenice vysazujeme na ja\u0159e a\u00a0na podzim. Ty leto\u0161n\u00ed zat\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161inou zd\u00e1rn\u011b odr\u016fstaj\u00ed. \u00dasp\u011b\u0161nost zalesn\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed epizoda sucha, ale i\u00a0v\u00fdvoj po\u010das\u00ed v\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch dvou m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 mluv\u010d\u00ed L\u010cR Eva Jouklov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\u201ePo l\u00e9t\u011b stav vyhodnot\u00edme a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b obnov\u00edme les opakovan\u011b. To s\u00a0sebou samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nese zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 n\u00e1klady spojen\u00e9 jak s\u00a0vlastn\u00ed obnovou lesa, tak i\u00a0s n\u00e1slednou prodlou\u017eenou lh\u016ftou p\u00e9\u010de o\u00a0tento porost. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 procento ztr\u00e1t znamen\u00e1 v\u00fddaje v\u00a0\u0159\u00e1du milion\u016f korun,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ztr\u00e1ty des\u00edtek miliard<\/p>\n

D\u0159evn\u00ed hmota strom\u016f, kter\u00e9 trp\u00ed vodn\u00edm stresem, p\u0159ir\u016fst\u00e1 pomaleji. Ztr\u00e1ty zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 suchem je tak mo\u017en\u00e9 alespo\u0148 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b vy\u010d\u00edslit. Jan Krejza z\u00a0projektu DendroNetwork p\u0159irovn\u00e1v\u00e1 leto\u0161n\u00ed sezonu k\u00a0obdobn\u011b such\u00e9mu roku 2018.<\/p>\n

\u201eZ na\u0161ich dat jsme vid\u011bli, \u017ee ro\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edr\u016fst na \u00farovni cel\u00e9 republiky klesl na zhruba 68\u00a0procent b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho stavu. Obvykl\u00fd p\u0159\u00edr\u016fst se pohybuje kolem 50\u00a0milion\u016f kub\u00edk\u016f d\u0159eva ro\u010dn\u011b. Kdy\u017e tedy spo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed objem d\u0159eva a\u00a0vyn\u00e1sob\u00edme ho jeho cenou, dost\u00e1v\u00e1me se do \u0159\u00e1du miliard korun,\u201c vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i sou\u010dasn\u00fdch pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch cen\u00e1ch d\u0159eva kolem t\u0159ech\u00a0tis\u00edc korun za kub\u00edk by se tak finan\u010dn\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty kv\u016fli pomalej\u0161\u00edmu r\u016fstu mohly bl\u00ed\u017eit \u010d\u00e1stce 50\u00a0miliard korun.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Sucho se podle Krejzy u\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b projevuje na lesn\u00edch porostech v\u00a0ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch nadmo\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch. \u201eTam u\u017e jsou stromy rozhodn\u011b limitovan\u00e9 a\u00a0doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zpomalov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstu. V\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech dokonce sucho r\u016fst zcela blokuje. Na m\u00edstech, kde m\u011bl p\u0159\u00edr\u016fst d\u00e1vno za\u010d\u00edt, je\u0161t\u011b ani neza\u010dal,\u201c popisuje.<\/p>\n

Eva Jouklov\u00e1 ze st\u00e1tn\u00edch les\u016f ale upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee na z\u00e1klad\u011b jednotliv\u00fdch let nelze \u010dinit obecn\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry. \u201ePokud sucho potrv\u00e1 del\u0161\u00ed dobu, m\u016f\u017ee se kr\u00e1tkodob\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit p\u0159\u00edr\u016fst d\u0159evn\u00ed hmoty, ale lesy nevysychaj\u00ed tak rychle jako t\u0159eba louky nebo pole. Podobn\u00e9 epizody se v\u00a0historii u\u017e objevily, i\u00a0kdy\u017e ne tak \u010dasto jako v\u00a0posledn\u00edch dek\u00e1d\u00e1ch,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 mluv\u010d\u00ed L\u010cR.<\/p>\n

Neprostupn\u00e9 lesy<\/p>\n

Klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny budou m\u00edt dopad i\u00a0na celkovou skladbu \u010desk\u00fdch les\u016f. Dominantn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 smrky, kter\u00e9 jsou kv\u016fli m\u011bl\u010d\u00edm ko\u0159enov\u00fdm syst\u00e9m\u016fm citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na nedostatek vody, jsou postupn\u011b nahrazov\u00e1ny pest\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed skladbou strom\u016f. K\u00a0tomuto principu se ve sv\u00fdch strategick\u00fdch dokumentech hl\u00e1s\u00ed i\u00a0L\u010cR, kter\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed zm\u00edr\u0148ovat dopady klimatick\u00e9 krize p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00edm prostorov\u011b a\u00a0druhov\u011b diferencovan\u00fdch lesn\u00edch porost\u016f.<\/p>\n

Lesy tak budou v\u00a0budoucnu vypadat jinak, ne\u017e jak je zn\u00e1me dnes. M\u00edsto p\u0159ehledn\u00fdch smrkov\u00fdch a\u00a0borovicov\u00fdch monokultur, typick\u00fdch nap\u0159\u00edklad pro Vyso\u010dinu, budou p\u0159ib\u00fdvat m\u00e9n\u011b prostupn\u00e9 sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9 a\u00a0listnat\u00e9 porosty.<\/p>\n

\u201eLes by m\u011bl vypadat \u00fapln\u011b jinak. M\u011bl by b\u00fdt pestr\u00fd jak z\u00a0pohledu jednotliv\u00fdch d\u0159evin, tak i\u00a0z pohledu vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed struktury. M\u011bly by tam b\u00fdt zastoupeny v\u0161echny tlou\u0161\u0165kov\u00e9 stupn\u011b a\u00a0stromy r\u016fzn\u00e9ho st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Krejza. \u201eTo by se n\u00e1m sice nemuselo na pohled l\u00edbit, proto\u017ee takov\u00fd les bude h\u016f\u0159e prostupn\u00fd, ale z\u00a0pohledu klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny a\u00a0odolnosti bude daleko lep\u0161\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho zv\u011b\u0159e<\/p>\n

Jak ale upozor\u0148uje Constantin Kinsk\u00fd, neprostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0m\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159ehledn\u00e9 lesy kladou vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1roky na omezov\u00e1n\u00ed stav\u016f zv\u011b\u0159e, kter\u00e1 ni\u010d\u00ed mladou v\u00fdsadbu. \u201ePokud se sna\u017e\u00edte p\u0159ipravit lesy na klimatickou zm\u011bnu a\u00a0zm\u011bnit druhovou skladbu d\u0159evin, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 je v\u00a0les\u00edch p\u0159emno\u017een\u00e1 sp\u00e1rkat\u00e1 zv\u011b\u0159, kter\u00e1 mlad\u00e9 stromky okusuje, je to katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed boj. Za takov\u00fdch podm\u00ednek to jednodu\u0161e nejde. \u0158\u00edkaj\u00ed to t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ichni krom\u011b mal\u00e9 lobbistick\u00e9 skupiny,\u201c varuje majitel les\u016f na \u017d\u010f\u00e1rsku.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Na vin\u011b je podle Kinsk\u00e9ho neefektivn\u00ed syst\u00e9m honiteb, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00e9 na to, aby na nich bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b regulovat stavy zv\u011b\u0159e. Podle Kinsk\u00e9ho by tak\u00e9 bylo \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed umo\u017enit import d\u0159evin, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u016f\u010di suchu odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, sou\u010dasn\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy ale jejich migraci neumo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eD\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je i\u00a0vnitrodruhov\u00e1 skladba. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0Bosn\u011b jsou smrky, kter\u00e9 sucho vydr\u017e\u00ed. Jen\u017ee z\u00e1kon \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee je nesm\u00edte p\u0159iv\u00e9zt do \u010ceska, proto\u017ee nejde o\u00a0p\u016fvodn\u00ed druh. Je pot\u0159eba k\u00a0tomu p\u0159istupovat v\u011bdecky a\u00a0rozumn\u011b, otestovat to a\u00a0podpo\u0159it takzvanou asistovanou migraci,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Kinsk\u00fd.<\/p>\n

St\u00e1tn\u00ed i\u00a0n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed soukrom\u00ed vlastn\u00edci les\u016f se z\u00e1rove\u0148 sna\u017e\u00ed udr\u017eet co nejv\u00edce vody p\u0159\u00edmo v\u00a0porostech. L\u010cR u\u017e \u0161est let provozuj\u00ed program Vrac\u00edme vodu lesu a\u00a0ro\u010dn\u011b do obnovy nebo budov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0t\u016fn\u00ed investuj\u00ed kolem 300\u00a0milion\u016f korun.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Dlouhodob\u00e9 sucho v\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch les\u00edch p\u0159isp\u011blo p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety k\u00a0rozvoji k\u016frovcov\u00e9 kalamity, proto\u017ee oslaben\u00e9 stromy byly v\u016f\u010di napaden\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":112578,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[7],"tags":[156,43,42,32261,41,40,23013,1507,1504,550,7031],"class_list":["post-112577","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-cesko","tag-ceska-elita","tag-ceska-republika","tag-cesko","tag-constantin-kinsky","tag-czech-republic","tag-czechia","tag-intersucho","tag-klimaticke-zmeny","tag-lesy","tag-lesy-ceske-republiky-lcr","tag-sucho"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116721192054099962","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112577","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=112577"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112577\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/112578"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=112577"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=112577"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=112577"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}