{"id":114357,"date":"2026-06-11T09:33:13","date_gmt":"2026-06-11T09:33:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/114357\/"},"modified":"2026-06-11T09:33:13","modified_gmt":"2026-06-11T09:33:13","slug":"elektroauta-slibovala-cistsi-vzduch-prvni-mereni-ukazuji-jaka-je-realita","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/114357\/","title":{"rendered":"Elektroauta slibovala \u010dist\u0161\u00ed vzduch. Prvn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed, jak\u00e1 je realita"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u010ctete uk\u00e1zku z\u00a0newsletteru TechMIX, ve kter\u00e9m Pavel Kas\u00edk a\u00a0Matou\u0161 L\u00e1z\u0148ovsk\u00fd ka\u017edou st\u0159edu p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed hned n\u011bkolik koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f a\u00a0post\u0159eh\u016f ze sv\u011bta v\u011bdy a\u00a0nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed. Pokud v\u00e1s TechMIX zaujme, p\u0159ihlaste se k\u00a0jeho odb\u011bru<\/a>!<\/p>\n

Dnes se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na jeden z\u00a0velk\u00fdch slib\u016f elektromobility. Ne na ten klimatick\u00fd, ten se m\u00e1 napl\u0148ovat cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed, ale na ten bezprost\u0159edn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed: \u017de m\u011bsta, kde spalovac\u00ed motory nahrad\u00ed elektrick\u00e9, budou m\u00edt znateln\u011b \u010dist\u0161\u00ed vzduch. V\u00fdfukov\u00e9 plyny jsou toti\u017e v\u00a0ulic\u00edch hlavn\u00edm zdrojem oxidu dusi\u010dit\u00e9ho (NO2), dr\u00e1\u017ediv\u00e9ho plynu, kter\u00fd po\u0161kozuje d\u00fdchac\u00ed cesty a\u00a0dlouhodob\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k\u00a0nemocem srdce a\u00a0plic. A\u00a0elektrick\u00e9 auto v\u00fdfuk nem\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\u00dapln\u00fd p\u0159echod na elektrick\u00fd pohon by podle odhad\u016f m\u011bl sn\u00ed\u017eit koncentrace NO2\u00a0v\u00a0ovzdu\u0161\u00ed o\u00a061\u00a0procent<\/a> v\u00a0USA a\u00a0o 30\u00a0a\u017e 80\u00a0procent<\/a> v\u00a0\u010c\u00edn\u011b. Jen\u017ee tato \u010d\u00edsla maj\u00ed jeden spole\u010dn\u00fd h\u00e1\u010dek, na kter\u00fd upozor\u0148uje nov\u00e1 studie<\/a> v\u00a0\u010dasopise Lancet Planetary Health: T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echna poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z\u00a0projekc\u00ed, tedy z\u00a0modelov\u00fdch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f postaven\u00fdch na \u0159ad\u011b zjednodu\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159edpoklad\u016f. Nikdo je nemohl ov\u011b\u0159it, proto\u017ee elektromobil\u016f dosud jezdilo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 m\u00e1lo.<\/p>\n

To u\u017e te\u010f neplat\u00ed. Na elekt\u0159inu loni jezdilo ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u010dtvrt\u00e9<\/a> nov\u011b prodan\u00e9 auto na sv\u011bt\u011b a\u00a0voz\u016f je na silnic\u00edch dost na to, aby se jejich vliv dal zm\u011b\u0159it p\u0159\u00edmo v\u00a0ter\u00e9nu\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0p\u0159esn\u011b to v\u00a0uplynul\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch ud\u011blaly dva velk\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 t\u00fdmy. V\u016fbec poprv\u00e9 tak m\u00e1me ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku odpov\u011b\u010f na ot\u00e1zku, zda elektromobily skute\u010dn\u011b \u010dist\u00ed vzduch tak, jak se od nich \u010dekalo.<\/p>\n

Od model\u016f k\u00a0m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed studii zve\u0159ejnil<\/a> v\u00a0\u010dasopise Nature Health t\u00fdm veden\u00fd z\u00a0Wuhansk\u00e9 univerzity. Zam\u011b\u0159il se na \u010c\u00ednu, kter\u00e1 je pro podobn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed laborato\u0159\u00ed: Vozidla s\u00a0nov\u00fdmi typy pohonu (\u010dist\u011b bateriov\u00e1 auta, plug-in hybridy a\u00a0vod\u00edkov\u00e9 vozy) tam v\u00a0roce 2017\u00a0tvo\u0159ila pouh\u00fdch 0,7\u00a0procenta vozov\u00e9ho parku, o\u00a0\u0161est let pozd\u011bji u\u017e p\u0159es \u0161est procent. Ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech jako \u0160anghaj, Peking nebo \u0160en-\u010den jejich pod\u00edl p\u0159es\u00e1hl 10\u00a0procent a\u00a0mezi tax\u00edky a\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00fdmi autobusy m\u00edsty i\u00a080\u00a0procent.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci zkombinovali dru\u017eicov\u00e1 data o\u00a0koncentrac\u00edch \u0161kodlivin p\u0159i zemi, pozemn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0\u00fadaje o\u00a0registrac\u00edch vozidel ve 150\u00a0m\u011bstech. Pomoc\u00ed strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed odhadli, jak by vypadalo ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0roce 2023, kdyby elektrifikace v\u016fbec neprob\u011bhla, a\u00a0v\u00fdsledek porovnali se skute\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Druh\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce vy\u0161la v\u00a0lednu ve zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9m \u010dasopise Lancet a\u00a0vyu\u017eila podobn\u011b \u0161\u0165astnou souhru okolnost\u00ed v\u00a0Kalifornii. Tamn\u00ed t\u00fdm sledoval v\u00a0letech 2019\u00a0a\u017e 2023\u00a0koncentrace NO2,\u00a0m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 dru\u017eicov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstrojem TROPOMI, nad 1692\u00a0oblastmi odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edmi po\u0161tovn\u00edm obvod\u016fm a\u00a0porovn\u00e1val je s\u00a0po\u010dty nov\u011b registrovan\u00fdch bezemisn\u00edch vozidel v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9 z\u00a0nich. P\u0159idal i\u00a0d\u016fmyslnou kontrolu: Pokud metoda funguje, m\u011bly by nov\u00e9 registrace benzinov\u00fdch a\u00a0naftov\u00fdch aut koncentrace NO2\u00a0naopak zvy\u0161ovat. A\u00a0p\u0159esn\u011b to data uk\u00e1zala.<\/p>\n

Co \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky vypadaj\u00ed na prvn\u00ed pohled jako jednozna\u010dn\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch. Oxidu uhelnat\u00e9ho (CO), jedovat\u00e9ho plynu vznikaj\u00edc\u00edho nedokonal\u00fdm spalov\u00e1n\u00edm, bylo ve sledovan\u00fdch m\u011bstech d\u00edky elektromobil\u016fm o\u00a030,7\u00a0procenta m\u00e9n\u011b, ne\u017e kolik by ho bylo bez nich. Jemn\u00fdch prachov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic PM2,5, kter\u00e9 pronikaj\u00ed hluboko do plic, ubylo o\u00a023,8\u00a0procenta. Zhruba o\u00a0\u010dtvrtinu a\u017e t\u0159etinu \u010dist\u0161\u00ed vzduch v\u00a0t\u011bchto dvou ukazatel\u00edch je v\u00fdsledek, kter\u00fd by p\u0159ed deseti lety podepsal ka\u017ed\u00fd \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho ministerstva ekologie.<\/p>\n

Zdravotn\u00ed dopady jsou podle autor\u016f zna\u010dn\u00e9, by\u0165 jde o\u00a0modelov\u00fd odhad, ne o\u00a0se\u010dten\u00e9 skute\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady. Samotn\u00fd pokles koncentrac\u00ed PM2,5\u00a0p\u0159ipisovan\u00fd elektromobil\u016fm mohl podle v\u00fdpo\u010dtu zabr\u00e1nit zhruba 262\u00a0tis\u00edc\u016fm p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdch \u00famrt\u00ed; \u00fadaj se vztahuje ke stavu v\u00a0roce 2023, ne k\u00a0sou\u010dtu za cel\u00e9 sledovan\u00e9 obdob\u00ed. Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed CO pak podle stejn\u00e9ho modelu odvr\u00e1tilo dal\u0161\u00edch asi 75\u00a0tis\u00edc \u00famrt\u00ed. Kdy\u017e tedy zpravodajsk\u00fd text<\/a> v\u00a0\u010dasopise Nature mluv\u00ed o\u00a0262\u00a0tis\u00edc\u00edch zachr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch \u017eivot\u016f, cituje jen nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed polo\u017eku z\u00a0del\u0161\u00edho seznamu.<\/p>\n

Jedno \u010d\u00edslo ov\u0161em z\u00a0\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 tabulky vy\u010dn\u00edv\u00e1. Koncentrace NO2, tedy p\u0159esn\u011b t\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, kv\u016fli kter\u00e9 se \u010dist\u0161\u00ed vzduch sliboval p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm, klesly jen o\u00a07,9\u00a0procenta. V\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u011bstech provincie \u010ce-\u0165iang dokonce m\u00edrn\u011b stouply.<\/p>\n

Kalifornsk\u00e1 studie p\u0159itom do\u0161la k\u00a0opa\u010dn\u011b vyzn\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edmu v\u00fdsledku: Ka\u017ed\u00fdch 200\u00a0nov\u011b registrovan\u00fdch bezemisn\u00edch vozidel v\u00a0dan\u00e9 oblasti sn\u00ed\u017eilo m\u00edstn\u00ed koncentrace NO2\u00a0v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru o\u00a01,1\u00a0procenta a\u00a0v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech pokles dos\u00e1hl zhruba \u010dty\u0159 procent. Tam, kde elektrick\u00e1 auta p\u0159ib\u00fdvala nejrychleji, byl jejich otisk v\u00a0dru\u017eicov\u00fdch datech z\u0159eteln\u011b vid\u011bt.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1hada oxid\u016f dus\u00edku<\/p>\n

Rozpor je to ov\u0161em jen zd\u00e1nliv\u00fd a\u00a0jeho vysv\u011btlen\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm poznatk\u016fm obou prac\u00ed. Oxid uhelnat\u00fd toti\u017e poch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00a0osobn\u00edch benzinov\u00fdch aut\u00a0\u2013 tedy p\u0159esn\u011b z\u00a0t\u011bch vozidel, kter\u00e1 \u010c\u00edna v\u00a0uplynul\u00fdch letech masov\u011b elektrifikovala. Oxidy dus\u00edku a\u00a0prachov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice naproti tomu produkuj\u00ed hlavn\u011b st\u0159edn\u00ed a\u00a0t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 dieselov\u00e9 n\u00e1kla\u010f\u00e1ky, jejich\u017e emisn\u00ed faktory pro oxidy dus\u00edku jsou 10kr\u00e1t a\u017e 20kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u\u00a0osobn\u00edch voz\u016f. A\u00a0n\u00e1kladn\u00ed doprava na elekt\u0159inu zat\u00edm p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed jen velmi pomalu.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 m\u011bsta tak vlastn\u011b elektrifikovala \u201enespr\u00e1vn\u00e1\u201c vozidla, pokud jde o\u00a0NO2.\u00a0N\u00e1zorn\u011b to ukazuje zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 provincie \u010ce-\u0165iang: Le\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0n\u00ed Ningpo, t\u0159et\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kontejnerov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstav sv\u011bta, a\u00a0I-wu, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed velkoobchodn\u00ed tr\u017ei\u0161t\u011b planety. Objem silni\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1kladn\u00ed dopravy a\u00a0bal\u00edkov\u00fdch z\u00e1silek tam v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech rostl tak rychle, \u017ee n\u00e1r\u016fst emis\u00ed z\u00a0n\u00e1kla\u010f\u00e1k\u016f p\u0159ebil \u00faspory z\u00a0elektrick\u00fdch osobn\u00edch aut.<\/p>\n

Kalifornsk\u00e1 studie naopak m\u011b\u0159ila p\u0159esn\u011b tam, kde osobn\u00ed auta dominuj\u00ed: V\u00a0reziden\u010dn\u00edch \u010dtvrt\u00edch. Ob\u011b pr\u00e1ce tedy \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed tot\u00e9\u017e, jen z\u00a0opa\u010dn\u00fdch stran. Kde se elektrifikuj\u00ed vozidla, kter\u00e1 NO2\u00a0skute\u010dn\u011b vypou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed, tam jeho koncentrace klesaj\u00ed. Kde jezd\u00ed d\u00e1l dieselov\u00e9 kamiony, tam se toho m\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1lo.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

K tomu se p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 i\u00a0chemie atmosf\u00e9ry. Jak pro Nature vysv\u011btluje atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fd fyzik Enrico Ferrero z\u00a0Univerzity v\u00fdchodn\u00edho Piemontu, oxid dusi\u010dit\u00fd na rozd\u00edl nap\u0159\u00edklad od kysli\u010dn\u00edku uhelnat\u00e9ho nevyl\u00e9t\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edmo z\u00a0v\u00fdfuku – vznik\u00e1 a\u017e reakc\u00ed oxidu dusnat\u00e9ho s\u00a0ozonem, kter\u00fd u\u017e v\u00a0ovzdu\u0161\u00ed je. Omezen\u00ed provozu spalovac\u00edch aut je tak jen jedn\u00edm z\u00a0v\u00edce \u0161roub\u016f, kter\u00fdmi lze koncentrace NO2\u00a0utahovat.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00fd ne\u010dekan\u00fd v\u00fdsledek se t\u00fdk\u00e1 toho, kde se vzduch zlep\u0161il nejv\u00edc. V\u00a0\u010c\u00edn\u011b se p\u0159\u00ednosy koncentruj\u00ed v\u00a0bohat\u00fdch pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch m\u011bstech, kde se setk\u00e1v\u00e1 vysok\u00fd pod\u00edl elektromobil\u016f, hust\u00e1 nab\u00edjec\u00ed infrastruktura i\u00a0p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dohled nad kvalitou ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Chud\u0161\u00ed vnitrozemsk\u00e1 m\u011bsta zaznamenala zlep\u0161en\u00ed podstatn\u011b men\u0161\u00ed. Spoluautor studie \u010cchien-\u010dchiang J\u00fcan to pro Nature ozna\u010dil za ne\u010dekan\u00e9 a\u00a0znepokojiv\u00e9 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed: Rozd\u00edly ve zdrav\u00ed mezi bohat\u00fdmi a\u00a0chud\u00fdmi regiony se t\u00edm mohou d\u00e1le prohlubovat, m\u00edsto aby se st\u00edraly.<\/p>\n

Dopravn\u00ed analytik Emmett Hopkins z\u00a0americk\u00e9ho think-tanku Climate and Community Institute v\u00a0t\u00e9m\u017ee textu p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee nerovnost je zabudovan\u00e1 u\u017e v\u00a0samotn\u00fdch dotac\u00edch: V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed si nikdy nekoup\u00ed nov\u00e9 auto z\u00a0v\u00fdrobn\u00ed linky, tak\u017ee p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky na n\u00e1kup elektromobil\u016f m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u011b k\u00a0t\u011bm majetn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm. A\u00a0dod\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee nen\u00ed elektromobil jako elektromobil. T\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 auta s\u00a0velk\u00fdmi bateriemi uvol\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00edce \u010d\u00e1stic z\u00a0brzd a\u00a0pneumatik, bez ohledu na to, \u010d\u00edm jsou poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Jen tak d\u00e1l<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed hodnota obou studi\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e1 nakonec nele\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch procentech, ale v\u00a0p\u0159edveden\u00e9 metod\u011b. Dru\u017eicov\u00e1 data pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed celou planetu a\u00a0jsou voln\u011b dostupn\u00e1, tak\u017ee stejn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup lze pou\u017e\u00edt i\u00a0v zem\u00edch, kter\u00e9 hustou s\u00ed\u0165 m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch stanic nemaj\u00ed. Auto\u0159i kalifornsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce ji ostatn\u011b sami ozna\u010duj\u00ed za uk\u00e1zku principu, kter\u00fd se d\u00e1 p\u0159en\u00e9st kamkoli.<\/p>\n

Jsme p\u0159itom na sam\u00e9m za\u010d\u00e1tku takov\u00e9ho zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u00fdsledky se budou m\u00edsto od m\u00edsta li\u0161it podle slo\u017een\u00ed vozov\u00e9ho parku i\u00a0m\u00edstn\u00edch podm\u00ednek a\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00fd rozptyl je t\u0159eba o\u010dek\u00e1vat. \u010c\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed auto\u0159i sami pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed zopakovat, a\u017e tamn\u00ed elektrifikace dos\u00e1hne pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00edho st\u00e1dia.<\/p>\n

Bylo by ostatn\u011b \u0161koda, kdyby se podobn\u00e9 vyhodnocen\u00ed \u010dasem neud\u011blalo i\u00a0pro \u010cesko, kde masov\u00fd n\u00e1stup elektromobility bude m\u00edt sv\u00e9 n\u00e1klady (i v\u00a0energetice<\/a>). Rozhodn\u011b by bylo spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 zjistit, jak\u00e9 jsou skute\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ednosy.<\/p>\n

V pln\u00e9 verzi newsletteru TechMIX toho najdete je\u0161t\u011b mnohem v\u00edc. P\u0159ihlaste se k\u00a0odb\u011bru<\/a> a\u00a0budete ho dost\u00e1vat ka\u017edou st\u0159edu p\u0159\u00edmo do sv\u00e9 e-mailov\u00e9 schr\u00e1nky.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u010ctete uk\u00e1zku z\u00a0newsletteru TechMIX, ve kter\u00e9m Pavel Kas\u00edk a\u00a0Matou\u0161 L\u00e1z\u0148ovsk\u00fd ka\u017edou st\u0159edu p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed hned n\u011bkolik koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f a\u00a0post\u0159eh\u016f ze…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":114358,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[10],"tags":[202,252,133,4092,4093,17,21,16,2232,18,19,22,593,20],"class_list":["post-114357","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-zpravy","tag-cina","tag-elektromobilita","tag-elektromobily-ev","tag-emise","tag-emise-vyfukovych-plynu","tag-headlines","tag-hlavni-udalosti","tag-news","tag-techmix","tag-top-news","tag-top-stories","tag-udalosti-dne","tag-znecisteni","tag-zpravy"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116730790178093389","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/114357","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=114357"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/114357\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/114358"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=114357"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=114357"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=114357"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}