{"id":118048,"date":"2026-06-15T04:41:12","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T04:41:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/118048\/"},"modified":"2026-06-15T04:41:12","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T04:41:12","slug":"zahada-ktera-trvala-50-let-vedci-objevili-vitr-vanouci-z-cerne-diry-v-centru-mlecne-drahy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/118048\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1hada, kter\u00e1 trvala 50\u00a0let. V\u011bdci objevili v\u00edtr vanouc\u00ed z\u00a0\u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry v\u00a0centru Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u010cern\u00e9 d\u00edry jsou hust\u00e9 vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 objekty s\u00a0tak silnou gravitac\u00ed, \u017ee z\u00a0jejich bezprost\u0159edn\u00edho okol\u00ed neunikne ani sv\u011btlo. Galaxie m\u00edvaj\u00ed obvykle ve sv\u00e9m j\u00e1dru supermasivn\u00ed \u010dernou d\u00edru. V\u011bdci u\u017e p\u0159ed des\u00edtkami let vyslovili hypot\u00e9zu, \u017ee jak\u00e1koli aktivn\u00ed superhmotn\u00e1 \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra by m\u011bla \u010d\u00e1st plynu a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edho materi\u00e1lu \u201evyvrhovat\u201c zp\u011bt do vesm\u00edru. M\u016f\u017ee se tak d\u00edt bu\u010f v\u00a0podob\u011b v\u011btru, nebo v\u00fdtrysku.<\/p>\n

\u201eV\u00fdtrysky jsou \u00fazk\u00e9 a\u00a0p\u0159i opou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed sv\u00e9ho zdroje se p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 neroz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed. V\u011btry jsou \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159i opou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed sv\u00e9ho zdroje se roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed. Je to t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jako rozd\u00edl mezi laserov\u00fdm ukazov\u00e1tkem a\u00a0baterkou,\u201c vysv\u011btlil pro agenturu Reuters<\/a> astrofyzik Mark Gorski.<\/p>\n

U mnoha supermasivn\u00edch \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br ve vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch galaxi\u00edch v\u011bdci podobn\u00e9 jevy ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve pozorovali. Paradoxn\u011b u\u00a0\u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0centru Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy, p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd d\u016fkaz a\u017e dosud chyb\u011bl.<\/p>\n

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Pr\u016flom p\u0159inesla a\u017e pr\u00e1ce v\u011bdc\u016f z\u00a0americk\u00e9 Northwestern University, kte\u0159\u00ed jako prvn\u00ed zaznamenali molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed plyn v\u00a0bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed bl\u00edzkosti Sgr A*. V\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkumu byly zve\u0159ejn\u011bny tento m\u011bs\u00edc v\u00a0\u010dasopise The Astrophysical Journal Letters<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Tajemn\u00fd ku\u017eel v\u00a0chladn\u00e9m plynu<\/p>\n

\u201ePokud \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra neexistuje v\u00a0dokonal\u00e9m vakuu, mus\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem \u201avyfukovat v\u00edtr\u2018. A\u00a0ve vesm\u00edru \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 dokonal\u00e9 vakuum neexistuje,\u201c uvedl Gorski. \u201eD\u00edky nov\u00fdm pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm jsme poprv\u00e9 z\u00edskali dostate\u010dn\u011b \u010dist\u00fd obraz, abychom mohli vid\u011bt stopy tohoto v\u011btru. Pod\u00edvali jsme se na data a\u00a0\u0159ekli jsme si: Tady to je. Tady je to, co v\u0161ichni hledali posledn\u00edch 50\u00a0let.\u201c<\/p>\n

Astronomers have found that the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, known as Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), is blowing a hot cosmic wind \u2014 something scientists have been hunting for over 50 years.<\/p>\n

READ MORE >> https:\/\/t.co\/zU3am4PPBA<\/a> pic.twitter.com\/LZwiyXGWWu<\/a><\/p>\n

\u2014 NASA Marshall (@NASA_Marshall) June 8, 2026<\/a><\/p>\n

Astrofyzici ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve na\u0161li d\u016fkazy o\u00a0d\u00e1vn\u00fdch erupc\u00edch ze Sgr A*, m\u011bli v\u0161ak pot\u00ed\u017ee zachytit projevy, kter\u00e9 by prob\u00edhaly v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti. Podle odborn\u00edk\u016f je to pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b d\u00e1no t\u00edm, \u017ee se Sgr A* nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0klidn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi a\u00a0jej\u00ed aktivita je mnohem h\u016f\u0159e pozorovateln\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\u201eAbychom mohli pozorovat na\u0161i vlastn\u00ed \u010dernou d\u00edru, mus\u00edme se d\u00edvat skrz rovinu na\u0161\u00ed galaxie. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee mus\u00edme nahl\u00ed\u017eet skrz plyn, prach a\u00a0ionizovan\u00e9 struktury, a\u00a0skrz to v\u0161echno se ned\u00e1 snadno vid\u011bt,\u201c popsala pro port\u00e1l Phys<\/a> Lena Murchikova, kter\u00e1 se na v\u00fdzkumu pod\u00edlela.<\/p>\n

Tyto p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky v\u011bdci p\u0159ekonali d\u00edky dat\u016fm z\u00a0pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed centra Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy, kter\u00e1 b\u011bhem posledn\u00edch p\u011bti let po\u0159\u00eddila soustava radioteleskop\u016f ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter\/Submillimeter Array) v\u00a0severn\u00edm Chile. Z\u00edskali tak dosud nejost\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed pohled na chladn\u00fd molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed plyn v\u00a0okol\u00ed Sgr A*.<\/p>\n

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Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rys\u016f pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed byla ku\u017eelovit\u00e1 dutina v\u00a0oblaku tohoto chladn\u00e9ho plynu, kter\u00e1 byla dlouh\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b t\u0159i sv\u011bteln\u00e9 roky. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, v\u00a0oblaku chladn\u00e9ho plynu se nach\u00e1zelo m\u00edsto, kde tento materi\u00e1l chyb\u011bl. Podle v\u011bdc\u016f dutinu nejsp\u00ed\u0161 vytvo\u0159il teplej\u0161\u00ed plyn proud\u00edc\u00ed od \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry. Jak se oblast\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159il, chladn\u00fd molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed plyn bu\u010f vytla\u010dil, nebo zah\u0159\u00e1l natolik, \u017ee v\u00a0pozorov\u00e1n\u00edch ALMA zmizel.<\/p>\n

Stopa, kterou hv\u011bzdy nevysv\u011btl\u00ed<\/p>\n

Galaktick\u00e9 centrum je ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00e9 hv\u011bzdami, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed vlastn\u00ed v\u011btry. V\u011bdci proto museli ov\u011b\u0159it, zda dutina v\u00a0plynu nemohla vzniknout jejich p\u016fsoben\u00edm. V\u00fdpo\u010dty ale uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee hv\u011bzdn\u00e9 v\u011btry by na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed tak rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 struktury nesta\u010dily.<\/p>\n

\u201eJde o\u00a0obrovsk\u00fd deficit hmoty. Vypo\u010d\u00edtali jsme, kolik energie bylo zapot\u0159eb\u00ed k\u00a0vytvo\u0159en\u00ed t\u00e9to dutiny. Je to v\u00edce, ne\u017e kolik mohou poskytnout hv\u011bzdy v\u00a0dan\u00e9 oblasti,\u201c uvedl Gorski pro Space.com<\/a>. \u201eV z\u00e1sad\u011b to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zde mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edsun energie ze supermasivn\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry. A\u00a0pokud sledujete tvar ku\u017eele, sm\u011b\u0159uje p\u0159\u00edmo k\u00a0\u010dern\u00e9 d\u00ed\u0159e.\u201c<\/p>\n

Foto: Mark D. Gorski and Lena Murchikova 2026 ApJL 1004 L7<\/p>\n

Molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed plyn a\u00a0rentgenov\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0okol\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry Sgr A*<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed podporu p\u0159inesla data z\u00a0observato\u0159e Chandra. Ta ve stejn\u00e9 oblasti zaznamenala jasn\u00e9 rentgenov\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, tedy sign\u00e1l hork\u00e9ho a\u00a0energetick\u00e9ho plynu. Tam, kde ALMA vid\u00ed nedostatek chladn\u00e9ho plynu, Chandra ukazuje hork\u00fd materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd mohl dutinu vytvo\u0159it. Kombinace obou pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed tak v\u011bdc\u016fm poskytla dlouho hledan\u00fd d\u016fkaz existence v\u011btru vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho ze Sgr A*.<\/p>\n

Co je Sagittarius A*?<\/p>\n

Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) je supermasivn\u00ed \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra v\u00a0centru Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy. Le\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0souhv\u011bzd\u00ed St\u0159elce ve vzd\u00e1lenosti p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 26\u00a0tis\u00edc sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let od Zem\u011b a\u00a0m\u00e1 hmotnost p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u010dty\u0159 milion\u016f Slunc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Objekt byl objeven v\u00a0\u00fanoru 1974\u00a0jako kompaktn\u00ed a\u00a0mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b siln\u00fd r\u00e1diov\u00fd zdroj v\u00a0galaktick\u00e9m centru. D\u016fkaz, \u017ee jde o\u00a0supermasivn\u00ed \u010dernou d\u00edru, p\u0159inesla dlouhodob\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed hv\u011bzd ob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch kolem neviditeln\u00e9ho, ale extr\u00e9mn\u011b hmotn\u00e9ho t\u011blesa.<\/p>\n

V roce 2022\u00a0byl v\u00a0r\u00e1mci projektu Event Horizon Telescope zve\u0159ejn\u011bn prvn\u00ed sn\u00edmek Sgr A*<\/a> ukazuj\u00edc\u00ed st\u00edn \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry a\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed vyza\u0159ovan\u00e9 materi\u00e1lem v\u00a0jej\u00edm okol\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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