{"id":119355,"date":"2026-06-16T08:49:18","date_gmt":"2026-06-16T08:49:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/119355\/"},"modified":"2026-06-16T08:49:18","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T08:49:18","slug":"musk-stvoril-unikatni-soukoli-ale-kdyz-se-zastavi-zahyne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/119355\/","title":{"rendered":"Musk stvo\u0159il unik\u00e1tn\u00ed soukol\u00ed. Ale kdy\u017e se zastav\u00ed, zahyne"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00a0pond\u011bl\u00ed 8.\u00a0\u010dervna odstartovala z\u00a0Mysu Canaveral raketa Falcon 9\u00a0a\u00a0jej\u00ed prvn\u00ed stupe\u0148 po n\u011bkolika minut\u00e1ch dosedl na plovouc\u00ed plo\u0161inu v\u00a0Atlantiku. Stupe\u0148 s\u00a0v\u00fdrobn\u00edm \u010d\u00edslem B1067\u00a0t\u00edm absolvoval p\u011btat\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fd let<\/a> do vesm\u00edru a\u00a0p\u011btat\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00e9 p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e p\u0159ed n\u00edm nedok\u00e1zal \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd raketov\u00fd stupe\u0148 v\u00a0d\u011bjin\u00e1ch. <\/p>\n

Raketopl\u00e1n Discovery, dosud nejpou\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kosmick\u00fd stroj historie, nasb\u00edral 39\u00a0mis\u00ed za 27\u00a0let slu\u017eby. B1067\u00a0se ke stejn\u00e9 met\u011b bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed \u0161est\u00fdmi narozeninami. Kdy\u017e p\u0159itom v\u00a0b\u0159eznu 2017\u00a0let\u011bl pou\u017eit\u00fd stupe\u0148 Falconu poprv\u00e9, srovn\u00e1valo se to s\u00a0prvn\u00edm letem brat\u0159\u00ed Wright\u016f; p\u011btat\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fd start t\u00e9ho\u017e kusu \u017eeleza pro\u0161el minul\u00fd t\u00fdden zpravodajstv\u00edm t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 bez pov\u0161imnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u010cty\u0159i dny po tomto startu, v\u00a0p\u00e1tek 12.\u00a0\u010dervna, vstoupila SpaceX na burzu Nasdaq pod symbolem SPCX. Firma stanovila pevnou cenu<\/a> 135\u00a0dolar\u016f za akcii, ale tu se poda\u0159ilo hned prvn\u00ed den p\u0159ekonat. Akcie se dostaly na hodnoty nad 160\u00a0dolar\u016f za akcii a\u00a0(pochopiteln\u011b jen orienta\u010dn\u00ed) cena cel\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti v\u00a0tu chv\u00edli p\u0159es\u00e1hla dv\u011b biliardy dolar\u016f (biliarda = tis\u00edc bilion\u016f)\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0SpaceX je tak bezpe\u010dn\u011b v\u00a0prvn\u00ed des\u00edtce<\/a> nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed sv\u011bta co se t\u00fd\u010de celkov\u00e9 hodnoty akci\u00ed. \u0160lo o\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u00ed \u00fapis akci\u00ed v\u00a0d\u011bjin\u00e1ch objemem p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed dosavadn\u00ed rekord ropn\u00e9ho kolosu Saudi Aramco z\u00a0roku 2019.<\/p>\n

Trh tedy poprv\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u011b ocenil n\u00e1skok, o\u00a0kter\u00e9m kosmonautika mluv\u00ed deset let. Tento text ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed, zda je cena akcie spr\u00e1vn\u00e1; to si rozhodne trh a\u00a0\u010das. Zaj\u00edm\u00e1 n\u00e1s, v\u00a0\u010dem spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 n\u00e1skok SpaceX p\u0159ed konkurenc\u00ed a\u00a0zda m\u016f\u017ee vydr\u017eet. <\/p>\n

J\u00edzdn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d do vesm\u00edru<\/p>\n

Nejd\u0159\u00edv rozm\u011bry. Loni se na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b uskute\u010dnilo 324\u00a0pokus\u016f<\/a> o\u00a0orbit\u00e1ln\u00ed start a\u00a0165\u00a0z\u00a0nich obstaraly Falcony 9, v\u00edc ne\u017e cel\u00fd zbytek planety dohromady. Druh\u00e1 \u010c\u00edna jich provedla 92.\u00a0Firma p\u0159itom vlastn\u00ed rekord posouv\u00e1 \u0161est let v\u00a0\u0159ad\u011b: od 25\u00a0start\u016f v\u00a0roce 2020\u00a0p\u0159es 61\u00a0v\u00a0roce 2022\u00a0a\u017e po lo\u0148sk\u00fdch 165, tedy pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b jeden start ka\u017ed\u00e9 dva dny.<\/p>\n

Po\u010det start\u016f nav\u00edc n\u00e1skok sp\u00ed\u0161 podce\u0148uje. Lidstvo loni vyneslo na ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu zhruba 3\u00a0020\u00a0tun<\/a> n\u00e1kladu a\u00a0z toho podle prospektu SpaceX p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na rakety jedin\u00e9 firmy 2\u00a0213\u00a0tun, tedy zhruba t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny v\u0161eho, co se dostalo do vesm\u00edru. V\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010dtvrtlet\u00edch pod\u00edl p\u0159ekro\u010dil 80\u00a0%. Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed: je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0roce 2014\u00a0startovalo z\u00a0americk\u00fdch kosmodrom\u016f 12\u00a0raket za cel\u00fd rok.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

K tomu se v\u00e1\u017ee mo\u017en\u00e1 nejm\u00e9n\u011b intuitivn\u00ed fakt cel\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu. Levn\u00e1, mnohokr\u00e1t pou\u017eit\u00e1 raketa by podle selsk\u00e9ho rozumu m\u011bla selh\u00e1vat \u010dast\u011bji, jen\u017ee plat\u00ed opak. Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 verze Falconu 9\u00a0m\u00e1 za sebou 587\u00a0start\u016f<\/a> s\u00a0jedin\u00fdm selh\u00e1n\u00edm za letu a\u00a0p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed prvn\u00edho stupn\u011b vy\u0161lo v\u00a0590\u00a0z\u00a0596\u00a0pokus\u016f. <\/p>\n

Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed je prost\u00e9: ka\u017ed\u00fd vr\u00e1cen\u00fd stupe\u0148 znamen\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost k\u00a0prohl\u00eddce, jakou konstrukt\u00e9\u0159i jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch raket nikdy nem\u011bli. Z\u00a0projektu \u00faspory n\u00e1klad\u016f je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed program kontroly kvality v\u00a0d\u011bjin\u00e1ch raketov\u00e9 techniky. Podle prospektu jsou stupn\u011b konstruovan\u00e9 a\u00a0prokazateln\u011b schopn\u00e9 l\u00e9tat a\u017e \u010dty\u0159icetkr\u00e1t; \u00fa\u010detn\u011b je firma odepisuje po 25\u00a0startech.<\/p>\n

A konkurence? Druh\u00e9 m\u00edsto je v\u00a0tuto chv\u00edli doslova pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9. Raketa New Glenn spole\u010dnosti Blue Origin, kter\u00e1 stihla t\u0159i lety, explodovala p\u0159i testu<\/a> motor\u016f 28.\u00a0kv\u011btna a\u00a0v\u00e1\u017en\u011b po\u0161kodila i\u00a0startovac\u00ed rampu; n\u00e1vrat k\u00a0let\u016fm odhaduj\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 zdroje na rok a\u00a0d\u00e9le. Vulcan od ULA je od \u00fanora odstaven\u00fd<\/a> kv\u016fli z\u00e1vad\u011b pomocn\u00e9ho motoru na tuh\u00e9 palivo. Evropsk\u00e1 Ariane 6\u00a0l\u00e9t\u00e1 jednotky start\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Za\u010d\u00e1tkem \u010dervna 2026\u00a0tak na Z\u00e1pad\u011b re\u00e1ln\u011b l\u00e9t\u00e1 jedin\u00e1 t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 raketa, a\u00a0to Falcon 9; jak uvid\u00edme n\u00ed\u017ee, uzemn\u011bn\u00fd je v\u00a0tuto chv\u00edli i\u00a0jeho n\u00e1stupce z\u00a0d\u00edlny samotn\u00e9 SpaceX. (T\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed Falcon Heavy v\u00a0roce 2025\u00a0nelet\u011bl ani jednou, jeho nasazen\u00ed ned\u00e1v\u00e1 ekonomick\u00fd smysl.)<\/p>\n

Cena, kter\u00e1 nekles\u00e1<\/p>\n

Znovupou\u017eiteln\u00e9 rakety m\u011bly podle slib\u016f z\u00a0minul\u00e9 dek\u00e1dy zlevnit vesm\u00edr pro v\u0161echny. Cen\u00edkov\u00e1 cena startu Falconu 9\u00a0\u010dinila v\u00a0roce 2016, tedy v\u00a0dob\u011b p\u0159ed masov\u00fdm znovupou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm, 62\u00a0milion\u016f dolar\u016f. Dnes si z\u00e1kazn\u00edk p\u0159iplat\u00ed: cen\u00edk uv\u00e1d\u00ed necel\u00fdch 70\u00a0milion\u016f. <\/p>\n

Po o\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed o\u00a0inflaci vych\u00e1z\u00ed cena zhruba stejn\u011b jako p\u0159ed deseti lety, co\u017e je u\u00a0v\u00fdrobku, jeho\u017e v\u00fdrobn\u00ed n\u00e1klady mezit\u00edm d\u00edky v\u00edce ne\u017e 500\u00a0let\u016fm pou\u017eit\u00fdch stup\u0148\u016f strm\u011b spadly, pozoruhodn\u00fd v\u00fdsledek. \u00daspory z\u00a0revoluce nedotekly k\u00a0z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm; z\u016fstaly ve firm\u011b.<\/p>\n

SpaceX si to m\u016f\u017ee dovolit ze dvou d\u016fvod\u016f. Zaprv\u00e9 j\u00ed nikdo nedok\u00e1\u017ee konkurovat cenou, tak\u017ee zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed dopravci se dr\u017e\u00ed t\u011bsn\u011b pod jej\u00edm cen\u00edkem. A\u00a0zadruh\u00e9, co\u017e je podstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, extern\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edci p\u0159estali b\u00fdt hlavn\u00edm motorem podnik\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dnosti. Ze 165\u00a0lo\u0148sk\u00fdch start\u016f jich 123\u00a0vyneslo<\/a> dru\u017eice Starlink, tedy n\u00e1klad samotn\u00e9 SpaceX. Firma je sama sob\u011b zdaleka nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1kazn\u00edkem a\u00a0cel\u00fd komer\u010dn\u00ed trh s\u00a0vyn\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm ciz\u00edch dru\u017eic je proti tomu \u201evedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnost\u201c.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u00edm se obrac\u00ed logika cel\u00e9ho odv\u011btv\u00ed. Raketa u\u017e nen\u00ed v\u00fdrobek; je to intern\u00ed n\u00e1kladov\u00e1 polo\u017eka\u00a0\u2013 n\u011bco jako kdy\u017e t\u011b\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e1 firma m\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed \u017eeleznici. Vyd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1 to, co po trati jezd\u00ed, ne tra\u0165 samotn\u00e1. Starlink loni utr\u017eil 11,3\u00a0miliardy dolar\u016f, meziro\u010dn\u011b o\u00a0polovinu v\u00edc, a\u00a0jeho provozn\u00ed zisk p\u0159es\u00e1hl 4,4\u00a0miliardy; analytici ho dnes popisuj\u00ed jako hlavn\u00ed zdroj hotovosti cel\u00e9 skupiny.<\/p>\n

Konkurenti, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed postavit \u201evlastn\u00ed Falcon 9\u201c, tak v\u00a0jist\u00e9m smyslu bojuj\u00ed minulou v\u00e1lku.<\/p>\n

Stroj, kter\u00fd nesm\u00ed zastavit<\/p>\n

Starlink je p\u0159itom pozoruhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed konstrukce, ne\u017e jak se o\u00a0n\u011bm obvykle mluv\u00ed. Nad hlavami n\u00e1m podle pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00fdch statistik astronoma<\/a> Jonathana McDowella krou\u017e\u00ed p\u0159es 10\u00a0500\u00a0aktivn\u00edch dru\u017eic Starlink, \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b dv\u011b t\u0159etiny v\u0161ech funk\u010dn\u00edch satelit\u016f, kter\u00e9 lidstvo provozuje. Cel\u00e1 tahle flotila vznikla od kv\u011btna 2019, tedy za sedm let. Vypu\u0161t\u011bno p\u0159itom bylo p\u0159es 12\u00a0tis\u00edc kus\u016f; rozd\u00edl mezi ob\u011bma \u010d\u00edsly tvo\u0159\u00ed dru\u017eice, kter\u00e9 u\u017e sho\u0159ely v\u00a0atmosf\u00e9\u0159e, nebo selhaly.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b ten rozd\u00edl je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd. Dru\u017eice Starlink maj\u00ed \u017eivotnost kolem p\u011bti let, tak\u017ee konstelace nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 dlouhodob\u00e1 investice. Vy\u017eaduje neust\u00e1lou \u00fadr\u017ebu a\u00a0dopl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Aby si syst\u00e9m Starlink udr\u017eel funk\u010dnost, firma mus\u00ed vypou\u0161t\u011bt tis\u00edce nov\u00fdch satelit\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b. Loni jich vynesla p\u0159es t\u0159i tis\u00edce.<\/p>\n

Foto: \u0160imon, Seznam Zpr\u00e1vy<\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9m Starlink.<\/p>\n

On\u011bch 165\u00a0start\u016f za rok tedy nen\u00ed exhibice, n\u00fdbr\u017e prost\u011b v\u0161edn\u00ed provoz. A\u00a0v tom spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u00e1 hloubka \u201ep\u0159\u00edkopu\u201c, kter\u00fd Muskovu firmu odd\u011bluje od ostatn\u00edch: konkurent nemus\u00ed dohnat po\u010det dru\u017eic, mus\u00ed zopakovat cel\u00fd kolob\u011bh, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e levn\u00e9 starty \u017eiv\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165, s\u00ed\u0165 generuje hotovost a\u00a0hotovost plat\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed rakety a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed dru\u017eice.<\/p>\n

Amazon, finan\u010dn\u011b nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vyzyvatel, m\u00e1 na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze zat\u00edm \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b stovky kus\u016f sv\u00e9 konstelace Leo\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0po explozi New Glennu nem\u00e1 mo\u017enost, jak s\u00e1m vypou\u0161t\u011bt dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Firma proti vlastn\u00edmu monopolu<\/p>\n

Falcon 9\u00a0je nejspolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0nejvyt\u00ed\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed raketa historie a\u00a0vyd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1. U\u010debnicov\u00e1 strategie vel\u00ed ji \u201edojit\u201c co nejd\u00e9le, nejsp\u00ed\u0161e des\u00edtky let. Jen\u017ee SpaceX m\u00edsto toho ozn\u00e1mila \u00fasty viceprezidentky pro komer\u010dn\u00ed prodej Stephanie Bednarekov\u00e9, \u017ee roky 2025\u00a0a\u00a02026\u00a0budou z\u0159ejm\u011b vrcholem provozu Falcon\u016f a\u00a0pot\u00e9 za\u010dne firma mise p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt na Starship. Jin\u00fdmi slovy: jedin\u00e1 raketa, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee Falcon 9\u00a0cenov\u011b porazit, vznik\u00e1 v\u00a0t\u00e9\u017ee tov\u00e1rn\u011b, a\u00a0to z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Starship m\u00e1 za sebou dvan\u00e1ct zku\u0161ebn\u00edch let\u016f<\/a> a\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00a0nich zat\u00edm nem\u00ed\u0159il na ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu. Dvan\u00e1ct\u00fd let 22.\u00a0kv\u011btna sice poprv\u00e9 vyzkou\u0161el novou, v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed verzi V3\u00a0a\u00a0horn\u00ed stupe\u0148 splnil hlavn\u00ed \u00fakoly v\u010detn\u011b vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed 22\u00a0maket dru\u017eic, n\u00e1vrat prvn\u00edho stupn\u011b ale selhal a\u00a0\u00fa\u0159ad FAA p\u011bt dn\u00ed nato na\u0159\u00eddil vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a>. V\u00a0den vstupu firmy na burzu tedy byla raketa, na n\u00ed\u017e stoj\u00ed podstatn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st slibovan\u00e9 budoucnosti, \u00fa\u0159edn\u011b uzemn\u011bn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Od Rockefellera k\u00a0Muskovi<\/p>\n

Elon Musk se pr\u00e1v\u011b stal v\u016fbec prvn\u00edm dolarov\u00fdm bilion\u00e1\u0159em na planet\u011b. Ve sv\u011bt\u011b dnes p\u0159itom \u017eije nejm\u00e9n\u011b 3\u00a0300\u00a0miliard\u00e1\u0159\u016f\u00a0\u2013 z\u00a0toho v\u00edce ne\u017e 900\u00a0ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. Je tak mo\u017en\u00e1 t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 si p\u0159edstavit \u010dasy, kdy lid\u00e9 s\u00a0takov\u00fdm jm\u011bn\u00edm neexistovali.<\/p>\n

To se zm\u011bnilo 29.\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1916.\u00a0Toho dne se miliard\u00e1\u0159em v\u00a0USA stal ropn\u00fd magn\u00e1t tzv. zlat\u00e9ho v\u011bku John D. Rockefeller.<\/p>\n

Foto: Everett Collection, Shutterstock.com<\/p>\n

John D. Rockefeller na sn\u00edmku z\u00a0roku 1909.<\/p>\n

Podle profesora Christophera McKnighta Nicholse z\u00a0Ohio University, kter\u00fd se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 studiem \u201ezlat\u00e9ho v\u011bku\u201c, se Rockefeller stal podnikatelem, kter\u00fd t\u00e9to mety dos\u00e1hl jako v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed nejen v\u00a0USA, ale na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n

Mimochodem, miliarda dolar\u016f v\u00a0roce 1916\u00a0znamen\u00e1 dnes hodnotu v\u00edce ne\u017e 30\u00a0miliard dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: The New York Times<\/p>\n

SpaceX podle prospektu uskute\u010dnila za dobu sv\u00e9 existence asi 650\u00a0orbit\u00e1ln\u00edch start\u016f, a\u00a0pr\u00e1v\u011b tahle hora letov\u00fdch dat je mo\u017en\u00e1 nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aktivum firmy. Ov\u0161em v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Starship za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 po\u010d\u00edtadlo znovu t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 od nuly. Dvan\u00e1ct let\u016f je m\u00e9n\u011b, ne\u017e kolik jich mal\u00e1 novoz\u00e9landsko-americk\u00e1 Rocket Lab zvl\u00e1dla se sv\u00fdm Electronem jen za lo\u0148sk\u00fd rok.<\/p>\n

Ve sv\u00e9m rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm programu je tak dominantn\u00ed gigant paradoxn\u011b mlad\u0161\u00ed firmou ne\u017e leckter\u00fd startup. Spravedliv\u011b dodejme, \u017ee p\u0159esn\u011b takhle, s\u00e9ri\u00ed hav\u00e1ri\u00ed v\u00a0letech 2015\u00a0a\u00a02016, za\u010d\u00ednal i\u00a0Falcon 9, ne\u017e se vypracoval v\u00a0rekordmana spolehlivosti. Spole\u010dnost tehdy m\u011bla nam\u00e1le.<\/p>\n

St\u00e1t a\u00a0jedin\u00fd dodavatel<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00e1st p\u0159\u00edkopu SpaceX p\u0159itom netvo\u0159\u00ed stroje, ale raz\u00edtka. Loni firma podle prospektu zajistila 11\u00a0z\u00a012\u00a0start\u016f americk\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch a\u00a0zpravodajsk\u00fdch dru\u017eic v\u00a0nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kategorii a\u00a0v\u0161ech p\u011bt let\u016f s\u00a0pos\u00e1dkou \u010di z\u00e1sobami k\u00a0ISS. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty dnes bez SpaceX nemaj\u00ed zaru\u010den\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup do vesm\u00edru; SpaceX naopak nem\u00e1 podnik\u00e1n\u00ed bez licenc\u00ed FAA, p\u0159\u00edd\u011bl\u016f frekvenc\u00ed od FCC a\u00a0vojensk\u00fdch kontrakt\u016f. Vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost je to t\u011bsn\u00e1, a\u00a0proto nestabiln\u00ed v\u00a0obou sm\u011brech.<\/p>\n

St\u00e1t na ni odpov\u00edd\u00e1 doktr\u00ednou druh\u00e9ho dodavatele: v\u011bdom\u011b p\u0159ipl\u00e1c\u00ed za to, aby nez\u016fstal odk\u00e1zan\u00fd na jednoho dopravce. Kdy\u017e Pentagon loni v\u00a0dubnu rozd\u011blil kontrakty<\/a> na vyn\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nejcitliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f, dostala SpaceX 28\u00a0mis\u00ed za 5,9\u00a0miliardy dolar\u016f, tedy asi 60\u00a0%, zat\u00edmco ULA 19\u00a0mis\u00ed a\u00a0Blue Origin sedm, p\u0159esto\u017ee jejich rakety v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b l\u00e9taly sporadicky, nebo v\u016fbec. Ka\u017ed\u00fd dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch SpaceX tak posiluje argument pro dotov\u00e1n\u00ed jej\u00edch rival\u016f.<\/p>\n

Jak k\u0159ehk\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1ha to je, p\u0159edvedl lo\u0148sk\u00fd \u010derven. Po roztr\u017ece kolem rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona prezident Trump ve\u0159ejn\u011b pohrozil zru\u0161en\u00edm<\/a> vl\u00e1dn\u00edch zak\u00e1zek Muskov\u00fdch firem, Musk na opl\u00e1tku ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee za\u010dne vy\u0159azovat lod\u011b Dragon, jedin\u00fd americk\u00fd prost\u0159edek pro dopravu astronaut\u016f\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0po n\u011bkolika hodin\u00e1ch vzal hrozbu zp\u011bt.<\/p>\n

B\u00edl\u00fd d\u016fm si nato nechal sepsat<\/a> soupis feder\u00e1ln\u00edch smluv se SpaceX za zhruba 22\u00a0miliard dolar\u016f. Spor se \u010dasem uklidnil, ale precedens z\u016fstal: jedin\u00e1 h\u00e1dka dvou mu\u017e\u016f dok\u00e1zala na p\u00e1r dn\u00ed zpochybnit infrastrukturu, na kter\u00e9 stoj\u00ed americk\u00fd kosmick\u00fd program.<\/p>\n

\u017de nejde o\u00a0hypotetick\u00e9 riziko, uk\u00e1zal u\u017e rok 2023.\u00a0Kdy\u017e Ukrajina \u017e\u00e1dala o\u00a0nouzov\u00e9 zapnut\u00ed sign\u00e1lu Starlink nad Sevastopolem, aby mohla dokon\u010dit \u00fatok n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch dron\u016f na ruskou flotilu, Musk odm\u00edtl pokryt\u00ed aktivovat<\/a> s\u00a0od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00edm, \u017ee nechce hr\u00e1t roli v\u00a0tak velk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 akci. Letos ve v\u00e1lce ov\u0161em sehr\u00e1l \u00falohu je\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e rusk\u00e9 u\u017eivatele (tedy prim\u00e1rn\u011b arm\u00e1du) od Starlinku nechal od\u0159\u00edznout<\/a> a\u00a0velmi v\u00fdrazn\u011b omezil jej\u00ed dronov\u00e9 schopnosti.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Odpov\u011b\u010f \u010c\u00edny i\u00a0Evropy<\/p>\n

Sv\u011bt se sna\u017e\u00ed odpov\u00eddat. \u010c\u00edna letos do 5.\u00a0\u010dervna provedla 37\u00a0orbit\u00e1ln\u00edch start\u016f a\u00a0poprv\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed p\u0159es stovku za rok; jej\u00ed konstelace Qianfan pr\u00e1v\u011b vypustila dvoustou dru\u017eici<\/a> a\u00a0st\u00e1tn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 Guowang jich m\u00e1 168, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ob\u011b c\u00edl\u00ed na v\u00edc ne\u017e deset tis\u00edc kus\u016f. Tempo zat\u00edm brzd\u00ed<\/a> nedostatek raket i\u00a0porodn\u00ed bolesti: Qianfan loni na sedm m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f p\u0159eru\u0161il vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kv\u016fli s\u00e9riov\u00e9 z\u00e1vad\u011b dru\u017eic.<\/p>\n

Evropa zvolila dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0pomalej\u0161\u00ed cestu suverenity: konstelace IRIS\u00b2<\/a> za 10,5\u00a0miliardy eur m\u00e1 do roku 2030\u00a0\u010d\u00edtat 290\u00a0dru\u017eic, tedy zhruba tolik, kolik jich Starlink loni vypustil za p\u011bt pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch t\u00fddn\u016f. (Architektura syst\u00e9mu je odli\u0161n\u00e1 a\u00a0dru\u017eice maj\u00ed b\u00fdt na orbit\u011b v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru dek\u00e1du.)<\/p>\n

N\u00e1skok nakonec nevydr\u017e\u00ed, to mus\u00ed b\u00fdt na z\u00e1klad\u011b jeho zku\u0161enost\u00ed jasn\u00e9 i\u00a0Muskovi: v\u00a0\u0159\u00edjnu 2011\u00a0se toti\u017e v\u00a0televizi Bloomberg up\u0159\u00edmn\u011b rozesm\u00e1l, kdy\u017e padla ot\u00e1zka na \u010d\u00ednskou automobilku BYD; jejich auto pr\u00fd vid\u011bl a\u00a0konkurence se neboj\u00ed. Loni BYD p\u0159edstihla Teslu<\/a> v\u00a0celoro\u010dn\u00edm prodeji elektromobil\u016f\u00a0\u2013 2,26\u00a0milionu voz\u016f proti 1,64\u00a0milionu, a\u00a0s\u00e1m Musk uznal, \u017ee jej\u00ed vozy jsou dnes vysoce konkurenceschopn\u00e9. Rakety sice nejsou auta a\u00a0propast d\u011bl\u00edc\u00ed konkurenty od SpaceX je \u0161irok\u00e1, nicm\u00e9n\u011b motivace \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch firem i\u00a0jejich st\u00e1tn\u00edch sponzor\u016f je velik\u00e1.<\/p>\n

P\u0159evaha SpaceX nad zbytkem sv\u011bta je tedy skute\u010dn\u00e1, struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e napov\u00edd\u00e1 b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 zkratka o\u00a0levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed raket\u011b. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je v\u00a0mnoha ohledech k\u0159ehk\u00e1 a\u00a0nest\u00e1l\u00e1: koloto\u010d Starlinku se nesm\u00ed nikdy zastavit, jinak zahyne, v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Starship firma za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v\u00a0mnoh\u00e9m t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 od nuly, americk\u00fd st\u00e1t je z\u00e1rove\u0148 z\u00e1kazn\u00edk i\u00a0regul\u00e1tor s\u00a0obu\u0161kem v\u00a0ruce.<\/p>\n

Na druhou misku vah pat\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00fd byl i\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00fd p\u0159edchoz\u00ed \u00fasek t\u00e9to cesty, a\u00a0firma jimi p\u0159esto \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b pro\u0161la: v\u00a0prosinci 2015\u00a0bylo p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed rakety senzace, v\u00a0roce 2017\u00a0prvn\u00ed opakovan\u00fd let z\u00e1zrak a\u00a0letos v\u00a0\u010dervnu p\u011btat\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fd start jednoho stupn\u011b rutina, kter\u00e1 nestoj\u00ed velk\u00fdm m\u00e9di\u00edm za \u010dl\u00e1nek. Jestli\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0jak dlouho\u00a0\u2013 bude jej\u00ed let pokra\u010dovat po dosavadn\u00ed obdivuhodn\u00e9 trajektorii, nikdo nev\u00ed. Ale v\u00fdsledek vstupu SpaceX na burzu nasv\u011bd\u010duje tomu, \u017ee spousta lid\u00ed v\u00a0n\u011bj st\u00e1le v\u011b\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"V\u00a0pond\u011bl\u00ed 8.\u00a0\u010dervna odstartovala z\u00a0Mysu Canaveral raketa Falcon 9\u00a0a\u00a0jej\u00ed prvn\u00ed stupe\u0148 po n\u011bkolika minut\u00e1ch dosedl na plovouc\u00ed plo\u0161inu v\u00a0Atlantiku.…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":119356,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[10],"tags":[461,2614,17,21,16,462,1607,16835,18,19,22,1540,20],"class_list":["post-119355","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-zpravy","tag-elon-musk","tag-falcon-9","tag-headlines","tag-hlavni-udalosti","tag-news","tag-spacex","tag-starlink","tag-starship","tag-top-news","tag-top-stories","tag-udalosti-dne","tag-vesmir","tag-zpravy"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116758928793451701","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119355","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119355"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119355\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/119356"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119355"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=119355"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=119355"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}