{"id":119666,"date":"2026-06-16T13:29:15","date_gmt":"2026-06-16T13:29:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/119666\/"},"modified":"2026-06-16T13:29:15","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T13:29:15","slug":"obycejne-radosti-prestavaji-byt-dostupne-americky-zivot-v-odrikani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/119666\/","title":{"rendered":"Oby\u010dejn\u00e9 radosti p\u0159est\u00e1vaj\u00ed b\u00fdt dostupn\u00e9. Americk\u00fd \u017eivot v\u00a0od\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Linda Charltonov\u00e1 v\u00a0televizi ned\u00e1vno sledovala dechberouc\u00ed uk\u00e1zku americk\u00e9 v\u00fdjime\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

Z n\u011bkter\u00fdch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f americk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti SpaceX se prakticky ze dne na den stali milion\u00e1\u0159i, proto\u017ee zakladatel firmy Elon Musk s\u00a0n\u00ed vstoupil na burzu a\u00a0ud\u011blal z\u00a0n\u00ed jednu z\u00a0deseti nejhodnotn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b s\u00a0tr\u017en\u00ed kapitalizac\u00ed p\u0159es dva biliony dolar\u016f. S\u00e1m Musk se stal v\u016fbec\u00a0prvn\u00edm dolarov\u00fdm bilion\u00e1\u0159em.<\/p>\n

SpaceX krom\u011b jin\u00e9ho z\u0159ejm\u011b brzy doprav\u00ed prvn\u00ed lidi na M\u011bs\u00edc a\u00a0za\u010dne s\u00a0dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00edm Marsu.<\/p>\n

\u201eNa okam\u017eik jsem se zasnila, ne\u017e jsem si uv\u011bdomila, \u017ee je to sv\u011bt stejn\u011b vzd\u00e1len\u00fd jako onen Mars,\u201c \u0159ekla mi Linda Charltonov\u00e1 po telefonu ze sv\u00e9ho bytu v\u00a0New Jersey, kter\u00fd sd\u00edl\u00ed se sv\u00fdm man\u017eelem, t\u0159emi d\u011btmi a\u00a0matkou.<\/p>\n

Ona sama dnes mus\u00ed p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vat ka\u017ed\u00fd dolar. Podle n\u00ed v\u00a0posledn\u00ed dob\u011b zdra\u017eilo snad \u00fapln\u011b v\u0161echno: n\u00e1jem, potraviny, \u00fa\u010dty za elekt\u0159inu, benzin, zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Miln\u00edk Elona Muska:<\/a><\/a><\/p>\n

\u201eU\u017e jsme s\u00a0mu\u017eem nebyli p\u00e1r m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f ani na ve\u010de\u0159i ve m\u011bst\u011b na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b \u0159eky, nato\u017e abychom si vyjeli n\u011bkam na dovolenou,\u201c povzdechne si tato \u010dty\u0159icetilet\u00e1 \u017eena s\u00a0odkazem na \u0159eku Hudson, kter\u00e1 odd\u011bluje New Jersey od New Yorku.<\/p>\n

Zdra\u017euje v\u0161echno<\/p>\n

Pracuje v\u00a0takzvan\u00e9 gig ekonomice neboli bere jak\u00fdkoliv k\u0161eft, kter\u00fd se j\u00ed namane. Te\u010f se nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u011bnuje tzv. sv\u011bteln\u00e9mu designu. Na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di navrhuje osv\u011btlen\u00ed budov, kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nebo supermarket\u016f. Pracuje ale tak\u00e9 jako baristka v\u00a0nedalek\u00e9 kav\u00e1rn\u011b a\u00a0u\u010d\u00ed d\u011bti kreslen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

P\u0159esto je st\u00e1le v\u00a0dluz\u00edch a\u00a0na spo\u0159ic\u00edm \u00fa\u010dtu nem\u00e1 v\u016fbec nic. Podobn\u011b je na tom jej\u00ed mu\u017e, i\u00a0on m\u00e1 dnes dv\u011b zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed: Fot\u00ed v\u00a0jednom m\u00f3dn\u00edm ateli\u00e9ru a\u00a0d\u00e1v\u00e1 soukrom\u00e9 hodiny tance.<\/p>\n

Od Rockefellera k\u00a0Muskovi<\/p>\n

Elon Musk se pr\u00e1v\u011b stal v\u016fbec prvn\u00edm dolarov\u00fdm bilion\u00e1\u0159em na planet\u011b. Ve sv\u011bt\u011b dnes p\u0159itom \u017eije nejm\u00e9n\u011b 3300\u00a0miliard\u00e1\u0159\u016f\u00a0\u2013 z\u00a0toho v\u00edce ne\u017e 900\u00a0ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. Je tak mo\u017en\u00e1 t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 si p\u0159edstavit \u010dasy, kdy lid\u00e9 s\u00a0takov\u00fdm jm\u011bn\u00edm neexistovali.<\/p>\n

To se zm\u011bnilo 29.\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1916.\u00a0Toho dne se miliard\u00e1\u0159em v\u00a0USA stal ropn\u00fd magn\u00e1t tzv. zlat\u00e9ho v\u011bku John D. Rockefeller.<\/p>\n

Foto: Everett Collection, Shutterstock.com<\/p>\n

John D. Rockefeller na sn\u00edmku z\u00a0roku 1909.<\/p>\n

Podle profesora Christophera McKnighta Nicholse z\u00a0Ohio University, kter\u00fd se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 studiem \u201ezlat\u00e9ho v\u011bku\u201c, se Rockefeller stal podnikatelem, kter\u00fd t\u00e9to mety dos\u00e1hl jako v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed nejen v\u00a0USA, ale na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n

Mimochodem, miliarda dolar\u016f v\u00a0roce 1916\u00a0dnes znamen\u00e1 hodnotu v\u00edce ne\u017e 30\u00a0miliard dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: The New York Times<\/p>\n

Nejv\u00edce je drt\u00ed n\u00e1jem, ale pot\u00e9, co se odst\u011bhovali ze severu Manhattanu, ze \u010dtvrti zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako Inwood, plat\u00ed o\u00a0n\u011bkolik stovek dolar\u016f m\u00e9n\u011b. \u201eJsme ale zase v\u00a0New Jersey. Nic oslniv\u00e9ho, i\u00a0socha Svobody m\u00e1 k\u00a0n\u00e1m nato\u010den\u00fd zadek,\u201c \u0159ekne ironicky.<\/p>\n

Jej\u00ed \u017eivot opravdu nen\u00ed oslniv\u00fd, sama tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee sp\u00ed\u0161 upacht\u011bn\u00fd a\u00a0pln\u00fd \u00fazkosti z\u00a0toho, jestli to rodina v\u016fbec ut\u00e1hne a\u00a0nebude se muset st\u011bhovat do jin\u00e9ho, cenov\u011b dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho st\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed sama, kdo c\u00edt\u00ed podobnou nejistotu a\u00a0obavy. Zat\u00edmco se Musk a\u00a0jeho lid\u00e9 posunuli do elitn\u00ed skupiny t\u011bch nejmovit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch Ameri\u010dan\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed vlastn\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stejn\u011b majetku jako zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch 90\u00a0procent populace, rodiny, jako je ta Charltonov\u00fdch, dnes jen t\u011b\u017ece finan\u010dn\u011b vych\u00e1zej\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u017dij\u00ed ve stavu mysli, je\u017e nab\u00e1d\u00e1 k\u00a0\u017eelezn\u00e9 \u00faspornosti a\u00a0od\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00ed. Mus\u00ed se nap\u0159\u00edklad rozm\u00fd\u0161let, co vynechat p\u0159i n\u00e1kupu z\u00e1kladn\u00edch potravin a\u00a0pot\u0159eb.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad takov\u00e1 cena raj\u010dat v\u00a0dubnu vzrostla oproti stejn\u00e9mu obdob\u00ed lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o\u00a040\u00a0procent, p\u00ed\u0161e list The Washington Post<\/a>, a\u00a0to v\u00a0d\u016fsledku kombinace nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed, vysok\u00fdch celn\u00edch sazeb a\u00a0cen pohonn\u00fdch hmot.<\/p>\n

Autorka textu Kali Hollowayov\u00e1 p\u0159itom p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed v\u00fd\u010det v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0posledn\u00ed dob\u011b zdra\u017eily: N\u00e1jemn\u00e9 za byt je o\u00a054\u00a0procent dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00a0roce 2017, ceny nemovitost\u00ed od roku 2019\u00a0vzrostly o\u00a060\u00a0procent, rodiny letos utrat\u00ed za elekt\u0159inu o\u00a0120\u00a0dolar\u016f v\u00edce ne\u017e v\u00a0roce 2025\u00a0a\u00a0dluhy na kreditn\u00edch kart\u00e1ch se od roku 2021\u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161ily o\u00a063\u00a0procent.<\/p>\n

Hollowayov\u00e1 se ale vrac\u00ed k\u00a0cen\u011b raj\u010dat. Zdra\u017een\u00ed tohoto plodu pova\u017euje pro sou\u010dasnou Ameriku za symbolick\u00e9. \u201eJe to, jako by se i\u00a0ty nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0nejoby\u010dejn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed radosti americk\u00e9ho \u017eivota potichu st\u00e1valy nedostupn\u00fdmi,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e sloupka\u0159ka.<\/p>\n

Hrstka poh\u00e1dkov\u011b bohat\u00fdch<\/p>\n

Nerovnost nen\u00ed v\u00a0Americe \u017e\u00e1dnou novinkou. Jak ale upozor\u0148uje Ben Casselman z\u00a0den\u00edku The New York Times (NYT)<\/a>, prudk\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst bohatstv\u00ed v\u00a0nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch vrstv\u00e1ch spole\u010dnosti nem\u00e1 v\u00a0americk\u00e9 historii obdoby.<\/p>\n

List to ukazuje na jedn\u00e9 statistice. Na vrcholu tzv. zlat\u00e9ho v\u011bku na konci 19.\u00a0stolet\u00ed \u010dinilo \u010dist\u00e9 jm\u011bn\u00ed hrstky nejbohat\u0161\u00edch Ameri\u010dan\u016f\u00a0\u2013 mluv\u00edme tu o\u00a0skupince zhruba 20\u00a0lid\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b t\u0159i\u00a0procenta ro\u010dn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu zem\u011b.<\/p>\n

Dnes jejich jm\u011bn\u00ed odpov\u00edd\u00e1 12\u00a0procent\u016fm ro\u010dn\u00edho v\u00fdkonu zem\u011b, p\u00ed\u0161e Casselman.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed p\u0159itom na tom, zdali Ameri\u010dan vlastn\u00ed akcie, \u010di nikoliv. M\u016f\u017ee toti\u017e t\u011b\u017eit z\u00a0rekordn\u00edho r\u016fstu jejich hodnoty. Podle NYT v\u00edce ne\u017e polovina americk\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed vlastn\u00ed cenn\u00e9 pap\u00edry, a\u0165 u\u017e p\u0159\u00edmo, nebo prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00fdch penzijn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dt\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u201ePro v\u011bt\u0161inu Ameri\u010dan\u016f je v\u0161ak \u201abohatstv\u00ed\u2018 pon\u011bkud abstraktn\u00ed pojem spojen\u00fd s\u00a0domem, ve kter\u00e9m \u017eij\u00ed, a\u00a0penzijn\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dty, na kter\u00e9\u00a0\u2013 jak doufaj\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 co nejd\u00e9le nes\u00e1hnou,\u201c upozor\u0148uje Ben Casselman s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee v\u00a0ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b je pro tuto skupinu Ameri\u010dan\u016f z\u00e1sadn\u00ed jejich p\u0159\u00edjem.<\/p>\n

Platy p\u0159itom u\u017e n\u011bjakou dobu stagnuj\u00ed nebo rostou velmi pomalu. Podle NYT p\u0159itom hodinov\u00e9 mzdy v\u00a0prvn\u00edm \u010dtvrtlet\u00ed tohoto roku fakticky klesaj\u00ed, pokud se o\u010dist\u00ed o\u00a0inflaci, klesaly t\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce v\u00a0\u0159ad\u011b, a\u00a0umazaly tak \u010d\u00e1st r\u016fstu z\u00a0p\u0159edchoz\u00edch let.<\/p>\n

Profesor, spisovatel a\u00a0\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd podnikatel Scott Galloway se v\u00a0ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 epizod\u011b politick\u00e9ho podcastu \u201eZu\u0159\u00edc\u00ed um\u00edrn\u011bnci\u201c<\/a> zamyslel nad mladou generac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se pr\u00e1v\u011b st\u00e1v\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pracovn\u00edho procesu a\u00a0ekonomick\u00e9ho modelu v\u016fbec. Podcast se zam\u011b\u0159uje na kritiku extr\u00e9mn\u00edch projev\u016f sou\u010dasn\u00e9 americk\u00e9 politiky.<\/p>\n

Galloway vykreslil sv\u011bt, do n\u011bj\u017e mlad\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 vstupuj\u00ed, a\u00a0jejich soci\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1zem\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161inou podle n\u011bj maj\u00ed\u00a0velk\u00e9 dluhy, proto\u017ee za sv\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed museli zaplatit horentn\u00ed sumy, nav\u00edc \u017eij\u00ed v\u00a0drah\u00e9m podn\u00e1jmu a\u00a0brzy budou \u010delit vysok\u00fdm dan\u00edm. Nepat\u0159\u00ed toti\u017e k\u00a0t\u011bm movit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, kter\u00fdm je da\u0148ov\u00e1 povinnost v\u00a0r\u00e1mci americk\u00e9 degresivn\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00e9 politiky (ra\u017een\u00e9 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm republik\u00e1ny) sn\u00ed\u017eena nebo p\u0159\u00edmo odpu\u0161t\u011bna, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Galloway.<\/p>\n

\u201eZda\u0148ujeme p\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e9 skupiny, do nich\u017e se v\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bchto mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed brzy za\u0159ad\u00ed, a\u00a0to takov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, \u017ee star\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9, tj. majitel\u00e9 nemovitost\u00ed, vid\u00ed, jak se jejich vlastn\u00ed bohatstv\u00ed zn\u00e1sobuje,\u201c nast\u00ednil Galloway s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee star\u0161\u00ed generaci, kam se s\u00e1m \u0159ad\u00ed, naopak st\u00e1t da\u0148ov\u011b nezat\u011b\u017euje. Ve v\u00fdsledku se tak tato \u201enejbohat\u0161\u00ed generace v\u00a0historii planety\u201c st\u00e1v\u00e1 dokonce je\u0161t\u011b movit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eA mlad\u00ed toho maj\u00ed u\u017e skute\u010dn\u011b dost,\u201c m\u00edn\u00ed Galloway, kter\u00fd dnes s\u00e1m disponuje jm\u011bn\u00edm v\u00a0\u0159\u00e1du milion\u016f dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Linda Charltonov\u00e1 se st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b pot\u00fdk\u00e1 s\u00a0dluhy za sv\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, by\u0165 u\u017e m\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 splaceno. Mezi Ameri\u010dany-vlastn\u00edky s\u00a0n\u00edzk\u00fdmi dan\u011bmi se ale nikdy neza\u0159adila, nikdy se k\u00a0t\u00e9to skupin\u011b ani nep\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eila. A\u00a0pokud by cht\u011bla dos\u00e1hnout bohatstv\u00ed Elona Muska, musela by podle sv\u00fdch v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f pracovat p\u0159es deset milion\u016f let.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i rozhovoru pro Seznam Zpr\u00e1vy si je\u0161t\u011b vzpomene, \u017ee ned\u00e1vno vid\u011bla podle n\u00ed v\u00fdsti\u017enou karikaturu sou\u010dasn\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 situace, v\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e se ona a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed des\u00edtky milion\u016f Ameri\u010dan\u016f nach\u00e1z\u00ed. Kresba odkazovala na fotografii mu\u017ee stoj\u00edc\u00edho p\u0159ed kolonou tank\u016f u\u00a0n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed Nebesk\u00e9ho klidu v\u00a0Pekingu.<\/p>\n

Autor sn\u00edmku mu\u017ee zachytil v\u00a0tomto postoji 5.\u00a0\u010dervna roku 1989.\u00a0O\u00a0den d\u0159\u00edve \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da na n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed zmasakrovala stovky, podle jin\u00fdch odhad\u016f tis\u00edce demonstrant\u016f za svobodu a\u00a0demokracii.<\/p>\n

Autor americk\u00e9 karikatury tanky zam\u011bnil za limuz\u00edny.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Linda Charltonov\u00e1 v\u00a0televizi ned\u00e1vno sledovala dechberouc\u00ed uk\u00e1zku americk\u00e9 v\u00fdjime\u010dnosti. Z n\u011bkter\u00fdch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f americk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti SpaceX se prakticky ze…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":119667,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[11],"tags":[4603,461,18639,462,54,113,53,52],"class_list":["post-119666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-chudoba","tag-elon-musk","tag-milionari","tag-spacex","tag-svet","tag-usa","tag-world","tag-world-news"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116760030018694416","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119666","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119666"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119666\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/119667"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119666"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=119666"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=119666"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}