{"id":120350,"date":"2026-06-17T04:46:20","date_gmt":"2026-06-17T04:46:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/120350\/"},"modified":"2026-06-17T04:46:20","modified_gmt":"2026-06-17T04:46:20","slug":"ted-je-sance-pritahnout-americke-vedce-spickovi-ekonomove-o-tom-jak-nakopnout-evropu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/120350\/","title":{"rendered":"Te\u010f je \u0161ance p\u0159it\u00e1hnout americk\u00e9 v\u011bdce. \u0160pi\u010dkov\u00ed ekonomov\u00e9 o tom, jak nakopnout Evropu"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u010cesk\u00e1 republika ani Evropa nebudou dlouhodob\u011b konkurenceschopn\u00e9 bez kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podpory \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ochoty investovat ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky do inovac\u00ed. Takov\u00e9 poselstv\u00ed zazn\u011blo b\u011bhem debaty po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9\u00a0Centrem pro ekonomick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum a doktorsk\u00e9 studium (CERGE-EI) v prostor\u00e1ch Sen\u00e1tu,\u00a0na kter\u00e9\u00a0vystoupili\u00a0dr\u017eitel Nobelovy ceny za ekonomii\u00a0Philippe Aghion, b\u00fdval\u00fd italsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r Enrico Letta i spoluzakladatel CERGE-EI Jan \u0160vejnar.<\/p>\n

Debat\u011b p\u0159edch\u00e1zela slavnostvn\u00ed ceremonie, kdy p\u0159edseda Sen\u00e1tu Milo\u0161 Vystr\u010dil p\u0159edal\u00a0Phillipu\u00a0Aghionovi St\u0159\u00edbrnou medaili Sen\u00e1tu za \u201eosv\u00edcen\u00fd a z\u00e1sadn\u00ed dialog v\u011bdce s politiky\u201c. Zd\u016fraznil p\u0159itom, \u017ee ekonomick\u00e9 a spole\u010densk\u00e9 z\u00e1konitosti maj\u00ed pro rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed podobn\u00fd v\u00fdznam jako legislativa. <\/p>\n

\u201ePot\u0159ebujeme lidi, osobnosti, kter\u00e9 jsou ochotny krom\u011b v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed tak\u00e9 p\u0159ed\u00e1vat sv\u00e9 poznatky, \u0159\u00edkat sv\u00e9 n\u00e1zory a p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dovat ostatn\u00ed o spr\u00e1vnosti cesty, kter\u00e1 respektuje v\u011bdeck\u00e9 n\u00e1zory,\u201c \u0159ekl Vystr\u010dil. Pr\u00e1v\u011b dialog mezi v\u011bdou a politikou podle n\u011bj p\u0159edstavuje zdroj d\u016fv\u011bry i lep\u0161\u00edch rozhodnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Milo\u0161Philippe Aghion p\u0159evzal z rukou p\u0159edsedy Sen\u00e1tu \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky Milo\u0161e Vystr\u010dila medaili za sv\u016fj p\u0159\u00ednos k \u201eosv\u00edcen\u00e9 debat\u011b mezi politiky a v\u011bdou\u201c. Foto: CERGE-EI <\/p>\n

Debata samotn\u00e1 se uskute\u010dnila p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti\u00a035.\u00a0v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00ed CERGE-EI, instituce, kter\u00e1 od 90. let pom\u00e1hala budovat modern\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdzkum v \u010cesku pod veden\u00edm ekonoma Jana \u0160vejnara. Ten b\u011bhem diskuse p\u0159ipomn\u011bl, \u017ee CERGE-EI vznikalo s ambic\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout stejn\u00e9 kvality, jakou maj\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00ed americk\u00e1 ekonomick\u00e1 pracovi\u0161t\u011b. A to navzdory sv\u00e9mu dlouhodob\u00e9mu fungov\u00e1n\u00ed s v\u00fdrazn\u011b men\u0161\u00edmi zdroji ne\u017e srovnateln\u00e9 instituce v zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zbra\u0148 evropsk\u00e9 ekonomiky? Lid\u00e9 <\/p>\n

Co dnes skute\u010dn\u011b rozhoduje o konkurenceschopnosti ekonomik?\u00a0Pr\u00e1v\u011b na tuto ot\u00e1zku se zam\u011b\u0159ila \u010d\u00e1st diskuse v\u011bnovan\u00e1 inovac\u00edm a ekonomick\u00e9mu r\u016fstu.\u00a0Podle Philippe Aghiona, jednoho z nejvlivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ekonom\u016f\u00a0v t\u00e9to oblasti, u\u017e nen\u00ed hlavn\u00edm zdrojem prosperity levn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce nebo pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 v\u00fdroba, ale lidsk\u00fd kapit\u00e1l. Tedy vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, znalosti a schopnost inovovat. \u201eHlavn\u00edm vstupem inovac\u00ed je vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed,\u201c uvedl Aghion.<\/p>\n

Pokud chce Evropa usp\u011bt v \u00e9\u0159e um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence a technologick\u00fdch zm\u011bn, mus\u00ed podle n\u011bj v\u00fdrazn\u011b investovat do kvalitn\u00edho \u0161kolstv\u00ed, v\u011bdy a v\u00fdzkumu. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159itom nen\u00ed jen univerzitn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, ale i kvalita z\u00e1kladn\u00edch a st\u0159edn\u00edch \u0161kol. Ty toti\u017e lidi u\u010d\u00ed adaptovat se na rychle m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se ekonomiku.<\/p>\n

\"EnricoEvropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b by m\u011bly z\u00e1rove\u0148 spolupracovat i sout\u011b\u017eit, prohl\u00e1sil Philippe Aghion na konferenci CERGE-EI v Praze po boku italsk\u00e9ho expremi\u00e9ra Enrica Letty a spoluzakladatele CERGE-EI Jana \u0160vejnara. Foto: CERGE-EI<\/p>\n

Jan \u0160vejnar upozornil, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje jednu z oblast\u00ed, kde \u010cesk\u00e1 republika zaost\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\u201eLidsk\u00fd kapit\u00e1l je na\u0161e eso,\u201c uvedl s t\u00edm, \u017ee zem\u011b nem\u00e1 p\u0159ebytek p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f ani velikost trhu, a jej\u00ed budoucnost proto stoj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na schopnosti vychov\u00e1vat talentovan\u00e9 lidi. \u010cesko podle n\u011bj st\u00e1le nedok\u00e1zalo vybudovat univerzitu sv\u011btov\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b a dlouhodob\u011b podinvestov\u00e1v\u00e1 excelenci ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdzkumu.<\/p>\n

P\u0159estat financovat pr\u016fm\u011br<\/p>\n

Siln\u00e9 poselstv\u00ed zazn\u011blo tak\u00e9 od ekonoma G\u00e9rarda Rolanda, kter\u00fd p\u016fsob\u00ed v CERGE-EI i na University of California v Berkeley. Evropa podle n\u011bj nebude schopna konkurovat Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm a \u010c\u00edn\u011b, pokud bude sv\u00e9 omezen\u00e9 zdroje rozm\u011bl\u0148ovat mezi p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch instituc\u00ed. \u201eMus\u00edme se bezohledn\u011b soust\u0159edit na excelenci,\u201c \u0159ekl Roland.<\/p>\n

Siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu je podle n\u011bj nutn\u00e9. Nem\u00e1 ale nahrazovat n\u00e1rodn\u00ed podporu. Naopak, ob\u011b \u00farovn\u011b se mus\u00ed dopl\u0148ovat. Jako p\u0159\u00edklad uv\u00e1d\u011bl Evropskou v\u00fdzkumnou radu (ERC).<\/p>\n

Mohlo by v\u00e1s zaj\u00edmat<\/p>\n


\n \"syst\u00e9m
\n <\/a><\/p>\n

Ta podle Aghiona p\u0159edstavuje jeden z nejlep\u0161\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f financov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 v\u011bdy. Evropsk\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 b\u00fdt podle nich komplement\u00e1rn\u00ed k n\u00e1rodn\u00edmu, nikoliv konkuren\u010dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"sen\u00e1t\"Konference se konala v prostor\u00e1ch Sen\u00e1tu \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky v Praze. Foto: CERGE-EI<\/p>\n

Stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je podle Rolanda i soukrom\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed, b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 na americk\u00fdch univerzit\u00e1ch. P\u0159ipomn\u011bl zku\u0161enost z Berkeley, kde v\u011bt\u0161ina zdroj\u016f nepoch\u00e1z\u00ed od st\u00e1tu, ale ze soukrom\u00fdch dar\u016f, nadac\u00ed a partnerstv\u00ed. \u201eJe to dopln\u011bk ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho financov\u00e1n\u00ed, ne n\u00e1hrada,\u201c zd\u016fraznil.<\/p>\n

\u0160ance pro Evropu: v\u011bdci z USA za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed v\u00e1hat<\/p>\n

Diskuse se dotkla tak\u00e9 geopolitick\u00e9 zm\u011bny. A toho, jak by tento glob\u00e1ln\u00ed posun mohl Evrop\u011b pomoci. Aghion upozornil, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1st v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f dnes kv\u016fli nejist\u00e9mu prost\u0159ed\u00ed ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v\u00edce uva\u017eovat o Evrop\u011b.<\/p>\n

Evropa m\u00e1 podle n\u011bj \u0161anci p\u0159it\u00e1hnout \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 mozky. Alespo\u0148 pokud nab\u00eddne stabiln\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed, kvalitn\u00ed instituce a otev\u0159enost v\u016f\u010di zahrani\u010dn\u00edm v\u011bdc\u016fm. \u201eJe velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u00edtat zahrani\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky,\u201c doplnil Roland.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkum mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zam\u011b\u0159en na v\u00fdsledky, ne granty<\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eitou ot\u00e1zku otev\u0159el b\u011bhem diskuse b\u00fdval\u00fd guvern\u00e9r \u010cesk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed banky Miroslav Singer: jak zajistit, aby \u00fasp\u011bch v\u00fdzkumu nest\u00e1l na schopnosti z\u00edsk\u00e1vat granty, ale na skute\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdsledc\u00edch. Upozornil, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1st ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch program\u016f podporuje samotn\u00e9 utr\u00e1cen\u00ed pen\u011bz za v\u00fdzkum bez jasn\u00e9ho dopadu na inovace nebo produktivitu.<\/p>\n

Aghion souhlasil, \u017ee Evropa mus\u00ed b\u00fdt mnohem p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159i vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f. Na zku\u0161enosti z Francie uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 programy fungovaly sp\u00ed\u0161e jako skryt\u00e1 podpora firem, zat\u00edmco c\u00edlen\u00e9 programy zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na excelenci p\u0159inesly lep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky. \u201eNem\u011bli bychom opakovat programy, kter\u00e9 nefunguj\u00ed,\u201c uvedl.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed proto podle n\u011bj je ex-post evaluace, tedy systematick\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed toho, zda ve\u0159ejn\u011b financovan\u00fd v\u00fdzkum skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159inesl v\u00fdsledky.<\/p>\n

\"sen\u00e1t\"Konference se konala v prostor\u00e1ch Sen\u00e1tu \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky v Praze. Foto: CERGE-EI<\/p>\n

Konkurence m\u00edsto federalizace<\/p>\n

Aghion b\u011bhem debaty odm\u00edtl p\u0159edstavu centralizovan\u00e9 feder\u00e1ln\u00ed Evropy. \u201eNev\u011b\u0159\u00edm ve feder\u00e1ln\u00ed Evropu. V\u011b\u0159\u00edm v konkurenci mezi n\u00e1mi, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1s bude tla\u010dit kup\u0159edu,\u201c \u0159ekl. Evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b by podle n\u011bj m\u011bly z\u00e1rove\u0148 spolupracovat i sout\u011b\u017eit, podobn\u011b jako p\u0159edn\u00ed americk\u00e9 univerzity, kter\u00e9 soupe\u0159\u00ed o talent, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 spolupracuj\u00ed ve v\u00fdzkumu.<\/p>\n

Pokud chce b\u00fdt Evropa konkurenceschopn\u00e1 v\u016f\u010di USA a \u010c\u00edn\u011b<\/a>, nebude podle ekonom\u016f rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed jen regulace nebo pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 politika. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 bude, zda dok\u00e1\u017ee vytvo\u0159it prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 podporuje vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159itahuje talent a soustavn\u011b investuje do t\u011bch nejlep\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u010cesk\u00e1 republika ani Evropa nebudou dlouhodob\u011b konkurenceschopn\u00e9 bez kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podpory \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ochoty investovat…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":120351,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[3],"tags":[23929,708,31497,109,108,106,571,28915,4912,31498],"class_list":["post-120350","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-evropa","tag-cerge-ei","tag-ekonomika","tag-enrico-letta","tag-europa","tag-europe","tag-evropa","tag-evropska-unie","tag-jan-svejnar","tag-konkurenceschopnost","tag-philippe-aghion"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116763635519544813","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120350","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=120350"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120350\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/120351"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=120350"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=120350"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=120350"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}