{"id":120994,"date":"2026-06-17T20:25:16","date_gmt":"2026-06-17T20:25:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/120994\/"},"modified":"2026-06-17T20:25:16","modified_gmt":"2026-06-17T20:25:16","slug":"druzice-odhalila-na-marsu-desitky-rarasku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/120994\/","title":{"rendered":"Dru\u017eice odhalila na Marsu des\u00edtky rar\u00e1\u0161k\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sonda Mars Express ob\u00edh\u00e1 kolem Marsu a\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee tak sledovat jeho povrch a\u00a0tak\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 jevy v\u010detn\u011b rar\u00e1\u0161k\u016f. Na nov\u00fdch sn\u00edmc\u00edch, kter\u00e9 tuto st\u0159edu zve\u0159ejnila ESA<\/a>, jsou vid\u011bt des\u00edtky t\u011bchto prachov\u00fdch v\u00edr\u016f. <\/p>\n

Pro laika na prvn\u00ed pohled v\u00edry na sn\u00edmku nejsou vid\u011bt, a\u00a0proto je na obr\u00e1zku ESA zakrou\u017ekovala. P\u0159i p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed na jednotliv\u00e9 b\u00edl\u00e9 kruhy u\u017e lze rar\u00e1\u0161ka poznat. Na povrchu Marsu se jev\u00ed jako mal\u00e1 \u017elut\u00e1 te\u010dka se st\u00ednem.<\/p>\n

Foto: ESA\/DLR\/FU Berlin<\/p>\n

V \u010d\u00e1sti syst\u00e9mu \u00fadol\u00ed Mamers Valles sonda spat\u0159ila p\u0159es 30\u00a0rar\u00e1\u0161k\u016f. Ty jsou ozna\u010deny b\u00edl\u00fdm krou\u017ekem.<\/p>\n

Rar\u00e1\u0161ek vznik\u00e1, kdy\u017e se n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti Marsu oh\u0159\u00edvaj\u00ed na Slunci, co\u017e zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee vzduch t\u011bsn\u011b nad povrchem v\u00ed\u0159\u00ed vzh\u016fru a\u00a0un\u00e1\u0161\u00ed s\u00a0sebou prach.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Marsovsk\u00e9 prachov\u00e9 v\u00edry (rar\u00e1\u0161ci) jsou podobn\u00e9 t\u011bm, kter\u00e9 vid\u00edme i\u00a0na Zemi, ale jsou mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed. Mohou dosahovat v\u00fd\u0161ky a\u017e osmi kilometr\u016f, putuj\u00ed najednou i\u00a0n\u011bkolik kilometr\u016f a\u00a0dosahuj\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed rychlosti 45\u00a0m\/s. Tak\u00e9 hraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i p\u0159enosu prachu po cel\u00e9 planet\u011b.<\/p>\n

D\u00edky kombinaci r\u016fzn\u00fdch pozorovac\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f sondy Mars Express m\u016f\u017eeme tak\u00e9 ur\u010dit sm\u011br a\u00a0rychlost tamn\u00edch prachov\u00fdch v\u00edr\u016f. V\u011bdc\u016fm se na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto dat poda\u0159ilo odhalit<\/a>, jak se v\u00edce ne\u017e tis\u00edc t\u011bchto v\u011btrn\u00fdch v\u00edr\u016f pohybovalo po cel\u00e9 planet\u011b.<\/p>\n

Jak vznik\u00e1 rar\u00e1\u0161ek a\u00a0\u010d\u00edm se li\u0161\u00ed od torn\u00e1da?<\/p>\n

Mal\u00fd a\u00a0ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f ne\u0161kodn\u00fd v\u011btrn\u00fd v\u00edr se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed za hezk\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed nad sluncem rozp\u00e1len\u00fdm povrchem. Na rozd\u00edl od prav\u00e9ho torn\u00e1da nebo tromby se pra\u0161n\u00fd v\u00edr v\u017edy zformuje od zem\u011b nahoru, doba trv\u00e1n\u00ed se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 v\u00a0\u0159\u00e1du sekund a\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161ka dosahuje maxim\u00e1ln\u011b des\u00edtek metr\u016f. I\u00a0p\u0159esto se rychlost v\u011btru uvnit\u0159 rar\u00e1\u0161ku m\u016f\u017ee pohybovat i\u00a0kolem 100\u00a0km\/h.<\/p>\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dovou podm\u00ednkou pro vznik rar\u00e1\u0161ka neboli \u010dert\u00edka je rychl\u00fd pokles teploty s\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161kou ve vrstv\u011b vzduchu do n\u011bkolika des\u00edtek metr\u016f nad zemsk\u00fdm povrchem. Stoupaj\u00edc\u00ed bubliny hork\u00e9ho vzduchu se vydaj\u00ed vzh\u016fru do atmosf\u00e9ry. Ke spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed rotace v\u00fdstupn\u00e9ho proudu je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed impuls v\u00a0podob\u011b zm\u011bny rychlosti a\u00a0sm\u011bru v\u011btru s\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161kou, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b turbulentn\u00ed proud\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011bt\u0159\u00ed les\u016f a\u00a0staveb. Rotuj\u00edc\u00ed sloupec vzduchu se zviditeln\u00ed d\u00edky prachu a\u00a0dok\u00e1\u017ee nadzvednout leh\u010d\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bty, v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b zp\u016fsob\u00ed i\u00a0men\u0161\u00ed \u0161kody a\u00a0lehk\u00e1 poran\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Mamers Valles je rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd, \u010dlenit\u00fd a\u00a0spletit\u00fd syst\u00e9m ka\u0148on\u016f a\u00a0\u00fadol\u00ed vryt\u00fdch do povrchu Marsu. Tento \u00fatvar byl pojmenov\u00e1n v\u00a0roce 1976\u00a0na z\u00e1klad\u011b starov\u011bk\u00e9 o\u0161tiny (osk\u00fd jazyk) z\u00a0p\u0159ed\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 It\u00e1lie, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e \u201eMamers\u201c znamen\u00e1 \u201eMars\u201c a \u201eValles\u201c znamen\u00e1 \u201e\u00fadol\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n

V okol\u00ed t\u011bchto \u00fadol\u00ed se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fatvary: strm\u00e9, ploch\u00e9 kopce zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako mesy, kolm\u00e9 \u00fatesy a\u00a0ledovce pokryt\u00e9 sutinami. Tyto ledovce obsahuj\u00ed vodn\u00ed led poh\u0159ben\u00fd pod vrstvou hornin a\u00a0prachu a\u00a0je mo\u017en\u00e9 pozorovat, jak se hromad\u00ed na \u00fapat\u00ed strm\u00fdch svah\u016f zachycen\u00fdch na tomto sn\u00edmku. V\u0161echny tyto ter\u00e9nn\u00ed \u00fatvary spole\u010dn\u011b tvo\u0159\u00ed velmi \u010dlenit\u00fd ter\u00e9n. Mnoh\u00e9 z\u00a0t\u011bchto \u00fatvar\u016f jsou poz\u016fstatkem \u010dinnosti vody, l\u00e1vy nebo ledu.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Sonda Mars Express ob\u00edh\u00e1 kolem Marsu a\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee tak sledovat jeho povrch a\u00a0tak\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 jevy v\u010detn\u011b rar\u00e1\u0161k\u016f. Na nov\u00fdch…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":120995,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[15],"tags":[10578,6070,94,93,1540,33825],"class_list":["post-120994","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-sport","tag-evropska-kosmicka-agentura-esa","tag-mars-planeta","tag-sport","tag-sports","tag-vesmir","tag-vir-rarasek"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116767328043050250","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120994","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=120994"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120994\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/120995"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=120994"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=120994"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=120994"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}