Telefon\u00e1t ze zahrady<\/p>\n
Marii Strakov\u00e9 bylo v\u00a0roce 2018\u00a0devades\u00e1t t\u0159i let, kdy\u017e vypr\u00e1v\u011bla rozhlasu o\u00a0d\u011btstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pro\u017eila v\u00a0zahradnick\u00e9m domku vedle jedn\u00e9 z\u00a0nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch brn\u011bnsk\u00fdch vil. Jej\u00ed otec Anton\u00edn Fr\u00f6ml byl vrchn\u00edm zahradn\u00edkem rodiny Stiassni\u00a0\u2014 mu\u017e, kter\u00fd se \u0161kolil mimo jin\u00e9 u\u00a0v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9 bank\u00e9\u0159sk\u00e9 rodiny Rothschild\u016f a\u00a0od posledn\u00edho rakousko-uhersk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e. Marie byla o\u00a0dva roky mlad\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Susanne, jedin\u00e1 dcera majitel\u016f. D\u011bv\u010data si hr\u00e1vala na stromech, koupala se v\u00a0baz\u00e9nu vily, a\u00a0kdy\u017e Susanne p\u0159i\u0161la ze \u0161koly, telefonovala kamar\u00e1dce, jestli si p\u016fjdou zacvi\u010dit do soukrom\u00e9 t\u011blocvi\u010dny ve sklep\u011b.<\/p>\n
Tohle p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eilo v\u00e1lku, oce\u00e1n i\u00a0\u017eeleznou oponu. Ale to, co se stalo s\u00a0vilou a\u00a0s rodinou, kterou Marie znala, bylo o\u00a0pozn\u00e1n\u00ed komplikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e d\u011btsk\u00e9 vzpom\u00ednky na bramborov\u00e9 placky a\u00a0\u0161vestkov\u00e9 knedl\u00edky, na kter\u00e9 Susanne v\u00a0dopisech z\u00a0Kalifornie vzpom\u00ednala a\u017e do sv\u00e9 smrti v\u00a0roce 2005.<\/p>\n
Vila za \u010dty\u0159i miliony<\/p>\n
Alfred Stiassni pat\u0159il k\u00a0brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 textiln\u00ed \u0161lecht\u011b. Jeho otec a\u00a0str\u00fdc p\u0159i\u0161li v\u00a0\u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed z\u00a0Bu\u010dovic a\u00a0zalo\u017eili vlna\u0159skou firmu Brat\u0159i Stiassni, kter\u00e1 se rozrostla v\u00a0jeden z\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch tov\u00e1rn\u00edch komplex\u016f ve m\u011bst\u011b. Alfred firmu po otci p\u0159evzal spolu s\u00a0bratrem Ernstem a\u00a0vedl ji a\u017e do roku 1938.<\/p>\n
V roce 1923, po \u010dtrn\u00e1cti letech bezd\u011btn\u00e9ho man\u017eelstv\u00ed, se Alfredovi a\u00a0jeho \u017een\u011b Hermine\u00a0\u2014 doma zvan\u00e9 Mitzi\u00a0\u2014 narodila dcera Susanne. Pro ni si na konci dvac\u00e1t\u00fdch let nechali na pozemku v\u00a0Pis\u00e1rk\u00e1ch postavit vilu podle n\u00e1vrhu architekta Ernsta Wiesnera. Stavba na t\u0159\u00edhektarov\u00e9m pozemku p\u0159i\u0161la na \u010dty\u0159i miliony korun\u00a0\u2014 podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch odhad\u016f v\u00edc, ne\u017e st\u00e1la nedalek\u00e1 vila Tugendhat. Dokon\u010dena byla v\u00a0roce 1929.<\/p>\n
Hermine Stiassni byla sama dcerou bohat\u00e9ho severo\u010desk\u00e9ho podnikatele a\u00a0nav\u00edc nadanou mal\u00ed\u0159kou a\u00a0fotografkou. Od konce dvac\u00e1t\u00fdch let ji pojilo p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed s\u00a0Gretou Tugendhatovou\u00a0\u2014 ob\u011b \u017eeny se ve t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch letech zapojily do Ligy pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, organizace pom\u00e1haj\u00edc\u00ed uprchl\u00edk\u016fm z\u00a0nacistick\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka. Brn\u011bnsk\u00e1 velkobur\u017eoazie n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho a\u00a0\u017eidovsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu byla men\u0161\u00ed sv\u011bt, ne\u017e by se mohlo zd\u00e1t: Stiassni, Tugendhatovi a\u00a0L\u00f6w-Beerovi se znali, nav\u0161t\u011bvovali a\u00a0pom\u00e1hali si.<\/p>\n
Noc v\u00a0\u00fanoru<\/p>\n
Rodina si vilu u\u017e\u00edvala dev\u011bt let.<\/p>\n
V \u00fanoru 1938\u00a0byli Stiassniovi na ly\u017e\u00edch ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku, kdy\u017e se k\u00a0Alfredovi dostaly zpr\u00e1vy o\u00a0chystan\u00e9m an\u0161lusu Rakouska. Pochopil, co to znamen\u00e1: pokud N\u011bmecko pohlt\u00ed Rakousko, \u010ceskoslovensko bude dal\u0161\u00ed na \u0159ad\u011b, a\u00a0jeho \u017eidovsk\u00e9 rodin\u011b bude hrozit p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. Jednoho ve\u010dera se vr\u00e1tili do Brna. R\u00e1no u\u017e byli znovu pry\u010d.<\/p>\n
Vzali si jen to nejnutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Nerozlou\u010dili se\u00a0\u2014 ani s\u00a0person\u00e1lem, ani se sousedy, ani s\u00a0Mari\u00ed, se kterou si Susanne je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed t\u00fddny telefonovala o\u00a0t\u011blocviku. Teprve po n\u011bjak\u00e9m \u010dase p\u0159i\u0161el od Susanne dopis: byla v\u00a0Anglii, v\u00a0intern\u00e1tn\u00ed \u0161kole, kde se zdokonalovala v\u00a0angli\u010dtin\u011b spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0Janou Ba\u0165ovou. Kdy\u017e za\u010dalo n\u011bmeck\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed Brit\u00e1nie, rodina odjela parn\u00edkem p\u0159es Rio de Janeiro do Kalifornie, kde se Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b je\u0161t\u011b neotev\u0159ely p\u0159ist\u011bhovalc\u016fm p\u0159\u00edmo z\u00a0Evropy.<\/p>\n
Usadili se v\u00a0Hollywoodu. Alfred zem\u0159el v\u00a0roce 1961, Hermine o\u00a0rok pozd\u011bji. Susanne se v\u00a0roce 1946\u00a0provdala za Leonarda Martina, syna rusk\u00fdch \u017eidovsk\u00fdch emigrant\u016f, a\u00a0m\u011bla s\u00a0n\u00edm \u010dty\u0159i syny. Do Brna se u\u017e nikdy nevr\u00e1tila\u00a0\u2014 ani ona, ani jej\u00ed rodi\u010de.<\/p>\n
Ti, kdo z\u016fstali<\/p>\n
P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh rodiny Stiassni je ale \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jedna nukle\u00e1rn\u00ed rodina, kter\u00e1 stihla odjet v\u010das.<\/p>\n
Alfred\u016fv otec Josef Stiassni m\u011bl \u0161est d\u011bt\u00ed. T\u0159i synov\u00e9\u00a0\u2014 Rudolf, Alfred a\u00a0Ernst\u00a0\u2014 vedli rodinnou firmu v\u00a0Brn\u011b. T\u0159i dcery\u00a0\u2014 Anna, Helene a\u00a0Margarethe\u00a0\u2014 se provdaly do V\u00eddn\u011b. V\u0161ichni p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci t\u00e9to generace ode\u0161li v\u00a0roce 1938\u00a0s\u00a0rodinami do emigrace.<\/p>\n
V Brn\u011b z\u016fstala jen jejich matka, Josefova man\u017eelka Friederika, rozen\u00e1 Weller. Bylo j\u00ed osmdes\u00e1t \u010dty\u0159i let\u00a0\u2014 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 star\u00e1 a\u00a0nemocn\u00e1 na to, aby se vydala na cestu do nejistoty. Gestapo ji odvedlo do terez\u00ednsk\u00e9ho ghetta, kde v\u00a0roce 1942\u00a0zem\u0159ela.<\/p>\n
Je to detail, kter\u00fd snadno zapadne ve vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o\u00a0\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m \u00fat\u011bku rodiny do bezpe\u010d\u00ed Kalifornie. Ale stoj\u00ed za p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed: emigrace, kter\u00e1 pro Alfredovu generaci znamenala z\u00e1chranu, pro jejich matku znamenala jen to, \u017ee po odjezdu d\u011bt\u00ed z\u016fstala v\u00a0Brn\u011b sama.<\/p>\n
Co se d\u011blo s\u00a0majetkem<\/p>\n
Majetek rodiny Stiassni byl postupn\u011b zabavov\u00e1n od roku 1939.\u00a0Vila samotn\u00e1 byla zabavena \u0159\u00ed\u0161skou n\u011bmeckou st\u00e1tn\u00ed polici\u00ed a\u00a0slou\u017eila jako d\u016fstojnick\u00e9 kasino s\u00a0j\u00eddelnou. Brn\u011bnskou tov\u00e1rnu a\u00a0takzvan\u00fd Bochner\u016fv pal\u00e1c, rodinn\u00e9 s\u00eddlo v\u00a0centru m\u011bsta, koupil za v\u00fdhodnou cenu varnsdorfsk\u00fd N\u011bmec Julius Kunert. Po v\u00e1lce byl ve\u0161ker\u00fd majetek Stiassni\u016f zest\u00e1tn\u011bn; v\u00fdrobn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159ipadlo n\u00e1rodn\u00edmu podniku Vln\u011bna, kter\u00fd je provozoval a\u017e do roku 1989.<\/p>\n
O osudu zhruba pades\u00e1ti\u010dlenn\u00e9 rodiny v\u00a0emigraci je ve\u0159ejn\u011b zn\u00e1mo jen m\u00e1lo. P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci t\u0159et\u00ed generace usazen\u00e9 ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech \u017e\u00e1dali u\u017e od \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch let o\u00a0navr\u00e1cen\u00ed majetku nebo alespo\u0148 o\u00a0od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed\u00a0\u2014 bez \u00fasp\u011bchu. Vila z\u016fstala v\u00a0rukou st\u00e1tu. Po roce 1939\u00a0v\u00a0n\u00ed s\u00eddlilo gestapo, od roku 1946\u00a0byla pod n\u00e1rodn\u00ed spr\u00e1vou a\u00a0od roku 1952\u00a0p\u0159e\u0161la do majetku krajsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho v\u00fdboru\u00a0\u2014 odtud jej\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edzvisko vl\u00e1dn\u00ed vila. Hostila Edvarda Bene\u0161e hned v\u00a0roce 1945, pozd\u011bji i\u00a0Fidela Castra.<\/p>\n
Dopisy p\u0159es oce\u00e1n<\/p>\n
Anton\u00edn Fr\u00f6ml, otec Marie Strakov\u00e9, pokra\u010doval v\u00a0p\u00e9\u010di o\u00a0zahradu vily i\u00a0po odjezdu rodiny\u00a0\u2014 slou\u017eil te\u010f nov\u00e9 pos\u00e1dce, nejprve \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdm d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016fm gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu, pak protektor\u00e1tn\u00ed policii. Zem\u0159el v\u00a0roce 1943, ani\u017e by se do\u017eil konce v\u00e1lky. Jeho dcera ve vile z\u016fstala bydlet je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bjakou dobu po osvobozen\u00ed, ne\u017e ji nov\u00fd \u010desk\u00fd starosta jednoho dne ne\u010dekan\u011b vyst\u011bhoval.<\/p>\n
Susanne a\u00a0Marie si dopisovaly p\u0159es oce\u00e1n a\u00a0p\u0159es \u017eeleznou oponu po cel\u00fd zbytek Susannina \u017eivota. V\u00a0roce 2013\u00a0se Marie Strakov\u00e1 osobn\u011b setkala se Susannin\u00fdm synem Andym, o\u00a0\u010dty\u0159i roky pozd\u011bji i\u00a0s jej\u00edmi vnu\u010dkami Dari\u00ed a\u00a0Yenni. Na pam\u00e1tku tohoto setk\u00e1n\u00ed zasadily spole\u010dn\u011b v\u00a0zahrad\u011b vily strom.<\/p>\n
V kv\u011btnu 2017\u00a0p\u0159ijelo do Brna p\u0159es sto \u010dlen\u016f rodin Stiassni, Tugendhat a\u00a0L\u00f6w-Beer spole\u010dn\u011b\u00a0\u2014 na pozv\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bsta, v\u00a0r\u00e1mci festivalu Meeting Brno. T\u0159i rodiny, t\u0159i vily, jeden den spole\u010dn\u011b na m\u00edstech, kter\u00e1 jejich p\u0159edkov\u00e9 musely p\u0159ed osmdes\u00e1ti lety opustit p\u0159es noc.<\/p>\n
ZdrojeiROZHLAS \u2014 Za v\u00e1lky jsme poslouchali Lond\u00fdn, vzpom\u00edn\u00e1 dcera zahradn\u00edka na vilu Stiassni (2018): irozhlas.cz<\/a>Brn\u011bnsk\u00fd den\u00edk \u2014 Uplynulo sto let od narozen\u00ed Susanne Stiassni (2023): brnensky.denik.cz<\/a>Den\u00edk.cz \u2014 Brn\u011bnsk\u00e1 vila rodiny Stiassni: Postaven\u00ed majitel\u016f bylo zn\u00e1t na prvn\u00ed pohled (2022): denik.cz<\/a>\u017dENA-IN \u2014 Hermine Stiassni nebyla jen man\u017eelkou tov\u00e1rn\u00edka (2024): zena-in.cz<\/a>Wikipedie \u2014 heslo Vila Stiassni: cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vila_Stiassni<\/a>Wikipedie \u2014 heslo Stiassni (rodina): cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stiassni<\/a>Encyklopedie d\u011bjin Brna \u2014 Alfred Stiassni: encyklopedie.brna.cz<\/a>Encyklopedie d\u011bjin Brna \u2014 Vila Stiassni, profil stavby: encyklopedie.brna.cz<\/a>N\u00e1rodn\u00ed pam\u00e1tkov\u00fd \u00fastav \u2014 Potomci textiln\u00edch magn\u00e1t\u016f nav\u0161t\u00edvili brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 vily (2017): npu.cz<\/a>N\u00e1rodn\u00ed pam\u00e1tkov\u00fd \u00fastav \u2014 Brno \u2013 vila Stiassni: brno.npu.cz<\/a>Kroupa, Petr a kol.: Vila Stiassni, 90 pohnut\u00fdch let. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed pam\u00e1tkov\u00fd \u00fastav, 2017.Kone\u010dn\u00e1, Kate\u0159ina a kol.: Vila Stiassni \u2014 stru\u010dn\u00fd pr\u016fvodce pam\u00e1tkou. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed pam\u00e1tkov\u00fd \u00fastav, 2016.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Telefon\u00e1t ze zahrady Marii Strakov\u00e9 bylo v\u00a0roce 2018\u00a0devades\u00e1t t\u0159i let, kdy\u017e vypr\u00e1v\u011bla rozhlasu o\u00a0d\u011btstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pro\u017eila v\u00a0zahradnick\u00e9m domku…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":122033,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[15],"tags":[92,1720,2209,8075,441,6662,23584,94,93,602,645,2927,2663,34085,34084,7205],"class_list":["post-122032","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-sport","tag-brno","tag-dejiny","tag-druha-svetova-valka","tag-emigrace","tag-historie","tag-okupace","tag-okupace-1939","tag-sport","tag-sports","tag-tovarna","tag-valka","tag-vila","tag-vila-low-beer","tag-vila-stiassni","tag-vila-tugendhat","tag-zide"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116771562853405514","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/122032","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=122032"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/122032\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/122033"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=122032"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=122032"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=122032"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}