V\u011bdci u\u017e v minulosti objevili blesky v atmosf\u00e9r\u00e1ch obr\u016f, jako jsou Jupiter, Saturn \u010di Neptun. Nyn\u00ed se zd\u00e1, \u017ee se elektrick\u00e9 v\u00fdboje poda\u0159ilo potvrdit i na Marsu. Zdrojem p\u0159elomov\u00e9ho objevu jsou data americk\u00e9 sondy MAVEN, kter\u00e1 od roku 2014 krou\u017eila kolem Marsu a zkoumala jeho atmosf\u00e9ru.<\/p>\n
\u201eProch\u00e1zel jsem data od po\u010d\u00e1tku mise a po automatick\u00e9m odfiltrov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1znam\u016f zm\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch sondou mimo oblasti siln\u00fdch magnetick\u00fdch pol\u00ed \u010di na p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch jsem v tis\u00edc\u00edch mo\u017en\u00fdch z\u00e1znam\u016f na\u0161el pouze jedin\u00fd elektromagnetick\u00fd sign\u00e1l blesku, takzvan\u00fd hvizd,\u201c uvedl Franti\u0161ek N\u011bmec z Matematicko-fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed fakulty Univerzity Karlovy. <\/p>\n
N\u011bmec pat\u0159\u00ed mezi v\u011bdce, kte\u0159\u00ed stoj\u00ed za nov\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem publikovan\u00fdm 27. \u00fanora v \u010dasopise Science Advances<\/a>. Aby jeho t\u00fdm tento jeden jedin\u00fd hvizd na\u0161el, musel analyzovat 108 418 z\u00e1znam\u016f plazmov\u00fdch vln.<\/p>\n \u201eTo je pot\u0159eba ud\u011blat vizu\u00e1ln\u011b, proto\u017ee pomoc\u00ed strojov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed je to kv\u016fli \u0161umu v datech velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9,\u201c popsal Ond\u0159ej Santol\u00edk z\u00a0\u00dastavu fyziky atmosf\u00e9ry Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR a MFF UK. Nakonec v\u011bdci na\u0161li pouze jedin\u00e9ho kandid\u00e1ta. \u201eJe velmi p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9, \u017ee jsme v\u016fbec n\u011bco na\u0161li,\u201c dodal.<\/p>\n Aby sonda sign\u00e1l zachytila, muselo se sej\u00edt hned n\u011bkolik podm\u00ednek: siln\u00e9 a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 pole, vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 elektromagnetick\u00e1 vlna pro\u0161la ionosf\u00e9rou bez \u00fapln\u00e9ho utlumen\u00ed, spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka a poloha sondy \u2013 a tak\u00e9 fakt, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edstroj pr\u00e1v\u011b pracoval v odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm re\u017eimu.<\/p>\n Princip podobn\u00fd blesku<\/p>\n Zat\u00edmco na Zemi jsou blesky monument\u00e1ln\u00ed pod\u00edvanou \u2013 d\u00edky hust\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e a siln\u00e9mu glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu magnetick\u00e9mu poli \u2013 rud\u00e1 planeta nab\u00edz\u00ed zcela jin\u00e9 podm\u00ednky. Mars m\u00e1 extr\u00e9mn\u011b \u0159\u00eddkou atmosf\u00e9ru a pouze izolovan\u00e9 \u201eostr\u016fvky\u201c slab\u00e9ho magnetismu. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se v\u011bdci domn\u00edvali, \u017ee pokud na Marsu blesky existuj\u00ed, nebudou p\u0159ipom\u00ednat dramatick\u00e9, oslniv\u00e9 v\u00fdboje \u0161lehaj\u00edc\u00ed mezi mraky a zem\u00ed. Sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u016fjde o nen\u00e1padn\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 jiskry \u2013 v\u00fdsledek elektrostaticky nabit\u00e9ho prachu v\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00edho v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e.<\/p>\n \u201eNem\u016f\u017eeme to popsat jako blesk, jak ho zn\u00e1me ze Zem\u011b, ale princip je podobn\u00fd,\u201c \u0159ekl Santol\u00edk. \u201eJe pom\u011brn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 odhadnout, jak to vypad\u00e1, proto\u017ee to zat\u00edm nikdo nevyfotil.\u201c<\/p>\n Zachycen\u00fd \u201ehvizd\u201c je specifick\u00fd typ sign\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i \u00faderu blesku. Kdy\u017e ude\u0159\u00ed blesk, prudce zah\u0159eje a ionizuje okoln\u00ed vzduch. Ten pak m\u016f\u017ee fungovat jako p\u0159irozen\u00e1 ant\u00e9na, kter\u00e1 vy\u0161le r\u00e1diov\u00e9 vlny vznikl\u00e9 p\u0159i v\u00fdboji skrz atmosf\u00e9ru planety do okoln\u00edho prostoru. Pokud je zachyt\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d, maj\u00ed charakteristick\u00fd hvizdav\u00fd t\u00f3n \u2013 odtud jejich n\u00e1zev.<\/p>\n \u201eNa z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159edchoz\u00edch v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f, laboratorn\u00edch pokus\u016f i pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed blesk\u016f v prachov\u00fdch vle\u010dk\u00e1ch pozemsk\u00fdch vulk\u00e1n\u016f jsme elektrick\u00e9 v\u00fdboje v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e Marsu sice v\u0161ichni o\u010dek\u00e1vali, ale a\u017e do t\u00e9 chv\u00edle je nikdo nezaznamenal,\u201c\u00a0doplnil Santol\u00edk.<\/p>\n Nov\u00e1 studie p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed jen n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f pot\u00e9, co jin\u00fd mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed t\u00fdm zve\u0159ejnil zcela odli\u0161n\u00fd typ d\u016fkazu o marsovsk\u00fdch blesc\u00edch<\/a>. Tentokr\u00e1t \u0161lo o data po\u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 mikrofonem na voz\u00edtku Perseverance americk\u00e9 agentury NASA, kter\u00e9 zaznamenalo akustick\u00e9 projevy drobn\u00fdch v\u00fdboj\u016f p\u0159\u00edmo na povrchu planety.<\/p>\n Objev m\u00e1 i \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed rozm\u011br. Jak\u00e1koli forma blesk\u016f by mohla ohrozit kosmick\u00e9 technologie \u2013 z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak u\u017e d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed studie uk\u00e1zaly<\/a>, \u017ee blesky mohou spou\u0161t\u011bt chemick\u00e9 reakce, kter\u00e9 by mohly p\u0159isp\u011bt k rozvoji \u017eivota.<\/p>\n Video: NASA letos v dubnu uk\u00e1zala, co sondy na Marsu skute\u010dn\u011b vid\u00ed<\/p>\n Zdroje: Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR<\/a>, Science<\/a>, Scientific American<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"V\u011bdci u\u017e v minulosti objevili blesky v atmosf\u00e9r\u00e1ch obr\u016f, jako jsou Jupiter, Saturn \u010di Neptun. Nyn\u00ed se zd\u00e1,…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":12766,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[7288,3863,5367,74,73,78,75,77,76,1540],"class_list":{"0":"post-12765","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-veda-a-technika","8":"tag-akademie-ved","9":"tag-blesk","10":"tag-mars","11":"tag-science","12":"tag-science-technology","13":"tag-technika","14":"tag-technology","15":"tag-veda","16":"tag-veda-a-technika","17":"tag-vesmir"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12765","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12765"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12765\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12766"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12765"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12765"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12765"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}