Kdy\u017e dnes chceme zjistit, co se stalo na druh\u00e9m konci sv\u011bta, sta\u010d\u00ed n\u011bkolik vte\u0159in a\u00a0otev\u0159eme zpravodajsk\u00fd server. V\u00a0roce 1526\u00a0nic takov\u00e9ho neexistovalo. P\u0159esto se zpr\u00e1va o\u00a0Moh\u00e1\u010di roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b rychle.<\/p>\n
Evropa hladov\u00e1 po zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch<\/p>\n
A\u010dkoli je\u0161t\u011b neexistovaly noviny v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edm slova smyslu, Evropa \u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed nebyla informa\u010dn\u011b od\u0159\u00edznut\u00fdm sv\u011btem. Byla propojena s\u00edt\u00ed diplomat\u016f, obchodn\u00edk\u016f, c\u00edrkevn\u00edch hodnost\u00e1\u0159\u016f, student\u016f a\u00a0humanist\u016f. Mezi velk\u00fdmi m\u011bsty proudily dopisy, relace a\u00a0ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 let\u00e1ky, kter\u00e9 se staly p\u0159edch\u016fdci modern\u00edho zpravodajstv\u00ed. Ben\u00e1tky, V\u00edde\u0148, Krakov, Norimberk nebo \u0158\u00edm byly uzly informa\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e1 fungovala mnohem efektivn\u011bji, ne\u017e si \u010dasto p\u0159edstavujeme.<\/p>\n
A do t\u00e9to s\u00edt\u011b n\u00e1hle pronikla zpr\u00e1va o\u00a0katastrof\u011b u\u00a0Moh\u00e1\u010de.<\/p>\n
Smrt kr\u00e1le byla \u0161okem. Ludv\u00edku II. bylo pouh\u00fdch dvacet let. Padl b\u011bhem \u00fastupu z\u00a0boji\u0161t\u011b a\u00a0spolu s\u00a0n\u00edm zahynula zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st uhersk\u00e9 politick\u00e9 a\u00a0vojensk\u00e9 elity. N\u00e1hle se zhroutil st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd po stalet\u00ed p\u0159edstavoval jednu z\u00a0hlavn\u00edch hr\u00e1z\u00ed proti osmansk\u00e9 expanzi.<\/p>\n
Pro evropsk\u00e9 sou\u010dasn\u00edky ne\u0161lo jen o\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed por\u00e1\u017eku n\u011bkde na vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 hranici. Mnoz\u00ed vn\u00edmali Uhry jako p\u0159edn\u00ed obrannou linii k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 Evropy. U\u017e od patn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed se v\u00a0evropsk\u00e9 literatu\u0159e objevoval obraz Uher jako propugnaculum christianitatis\u00a0\u2013 ba\u0161ty \u010di \u0161t\u00edtu k\u0159es\u0165anstva. Kdy\u017e tato ba\u0161ta utrp\u011bla zdrcuj\u00edc\u00ed por\u00e1\u017eku, vyvolalo to obavy daleko za Dunajem.<\/p>\n
Prvn\u00ed informace se \u0161\u00ed\u0159ily prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm dopis\u016f o\u010dit\u00fdch sv\u011bdk\u016f, diplomatick\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v a\u00a0\u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed korespondence. Zpr\u00e1vy v\u0161ak byly \u010dasto zmaten\u00e9 a\u00a0rozporupln\u00e9. Ne v\u017edy bylo jasn\u00e9, kdo p\u0159e\u017eil, kdo padl a\u00a0jak velk\u00e1 katastrofa vlastn\u011b nastala.<\/p>\n
O\u010dit\u00fd sv\u011bdek jm\u00e9nem Brodari\u010d<\/p>\n
V takov\u00e9 situaci se objevil mu\u017e, jeho\u017e jm\u00e9no dnes zn\u00e1 hlavn\u011b odborn\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnost, ale kter\u00fd sehr\u00e1l z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli p\u0159i utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed obrazu Moh\u00e1\u010de.<\/p>\n
Jmenoval se \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n Brodari\u010d (v odborn\u00e9 literatu\u0159e \u010dasto uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fd jako Istv\u00e1n Brodarics).<\/p>\n
Humanista, diplomat a\u00a0uhersk\u00fd kancl\u00e9\u0159 pat\u0159il k\u00a0t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed bitvu p\u0159e\u017eili. Kr\u00e1tce po katastrof\u011b sepsal latinsk\u00e9 d\u00edlo De conflictu Hungarorum cum Turcis ad Mohacz (\u201ePravdiv\u00fd popis st\u0159etnut\u00ed Uhr\u016f s\u00a0Turky u\u00a0Moh\u00e1\u010de\u201c). Vzniklo kolem roku 1527\u00a0a\u00a0stalo se z\u00e1kladn\u00edm vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edm o\u00a0bitv\u011b pro cel\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed generace. Podle modern\u00edch badatel\u016f \u0161lo o\u00a0mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd text, kter\u00fd se \u0161\u00ed\u0159il tiskem i\u00a0rukopisn\u00fdmi opisy po cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b.<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1v\u011b zde za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 druh\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu.<\/p>\n
Brodari\u010d nepsal pouze kroniku. Psal tak\u00e9 obhajobu. Ji\u017e kr\u00e1tce po por\u00e1\u017ece se toti\u017e objevovala obvin\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee uhersk\u00e1 \u0161lechta poslala mlad\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le na jistou smrt a\u00a0katastrofu sama zavinila. Brodari\u010d se sna\u017eil vysv\u011btlit okolnosti bitvy a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 br\u00e1nit \u010dest zem\u011b i\u00a0jej\u00edch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f. Jeho vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed proto nen\u00ed jen prost\u00fdm z\u00e1znamem ud\u00e1lost\u00ed. Je pe\u010dliv\u011b vystav\u011bn\u00fdm textem vzd\u011blan\u00e9ho humanisty, kter\u00fd dob\u0159e znal antick\u00e9 autory a\u00a0jejich r\u00e9torick\u00e9 postupy.<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/rukopis-stepan-brodaric-istvan-brodarics-zprava.jpeg\")
Foto: Wikipedia Commons, public domain<\/p>\n
Str\u00e1nka z\u00a0rukopisu \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na Brodari\u010de, uhersk\u00e9ho diplomata a\u00a0o\u010dit\u00e9ho sv\u011bdka bitvy u\u00a0Moh\u00e1\u010de. Jeho zpr\u00e1va o\u00a0katastrof\u011b z\u00a0roku 1526\u00a0se stala jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejvlivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o\u00a0t\u00e9to ud\u00e1losti.<\/p>\n
Od bitevn\u00edho pole k\u00a0legend\u011b<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky tomuto d\u00edlu z\u00edskala Evropa relativn\u011b souvisl\u00fd obraz toho, co se u\u00a0Moh\u00e1\u010de odehr\u00e1lo.<\/p>\n
Kl\u00ed\u010dovou \u00falohu zde sehr\u00e1l knihtisk. Od Gutenbergova vyn\u00e1lezu neuplynulo je\u0161t\u011b ani stolet\u00ed, ale tisk u\u017e z\u00e1sadn\u011b prom\u011bnil \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed informac\u00ed. Moh\u00e1\u010d pat\u0159il mezi prvn\u00ed velk\u00e9 st\u0159edoevropsk\u00e9 katastrofy, o\u00a0nich\u017e se dozv\u00eddaly tis\u00edce lid\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch text\u016f. Zpr\u00e1va u\u017e nebyla odk\u00e1z\u00e1na jen na \u00fastn\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nebo opisovan\u00e9 rukopisy.<\/p>\n
Jakmile se jednou dostala do tisku, za\u010dala \u017e\u00edt vlastn\u00edm \u017eivotem.<\/p>\n
Brodari\u010dovo d\u00edlo bylo pozd\u011bji p\u0159ipojov\u00e1no k\u00a0vyd\u00e1n\u00edm d\u011bjin Uher, kter\u00e9 na konci 15.\u00a0stolet\u00ed sepsal italsk\u00fd humanista Antonio Bonfini, dvorn\u00ed historik kr\u00e1le Maty\u00e1\u0161e Korv\u00edna.<\/p>\n
\u010cten\u00e1\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed se seznamovali s\u00a0minulost\u00ed uhersk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed od jeho po\u010d\u00e1tk\u016f a\u017e po vl\u00e1du Maty\u00e1\u0161e Korv\u00edna, tak na z\u00e1v\u011br dost\u00e1vali i\u00a0dramatick\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o\u00a0jeho nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed katastrof\u011b. Moh\u00e1\u010d se t\u00edm stal sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho historick\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu zem\u011b.<\/p>\n
Sou\u010dasn\u011b vznikaly dal\u0161\u00ed texty.<\/p>\n
O ud\u00e1lostech v\u00a0Uhr\u00e1ch informovali ital\u0161t\u00ed diplomat\u00e9, voj\u00e1ci, obchodn\u00edci i\u00a0c\u00edrkevn\u00ed hodnost\u00e1\u0159i. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0italsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed byl v\u00fdvoj na uhersko-osmansk\u00e9 hranici sledov\u00e1n s\u00a0velkou pozornost\u00ed. Obavy z\u00a0osmansk\u00e9 expanze byly \u017eiv\u00e9 a\u00a0v\u00e1lky v\u00a0Uhr\u00e1ch byly vn\u00edm\u00e1ny jako sou\u010d\u00e1st \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho z\u00e1pasu o\u00a0budoucnost Evropy.<\/p>\n
Z dne\u0161n\u00edho pohledu je mo\u017en\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n
Moh\u00e1\u010d se postupn\u011b prom\u011bnil z\u00a0ud\u00e1losti v\u00a0symbol.<\/p>\n
Modern\u00ed historici upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee r\u016fzn\u00e9 skupiny si katastrofu vykl\u00e1daly r\u016fzn\u011b. Katol\u00edci, protestanti, obyvatel\u00e9 habsbursk\u00fdch Uher i\u00a0Sedmihradska zd\u016fraz\u0148ovali odli\u0161n\u00e9 aspekty t\u00e9ho\u017e p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu. Z\u00a0jedn\u00e9 bitvy tak vzniklo n\u011bkolik r\u016fzn\u00fdch interpretac\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 odpov\u00eddala pot\u0159eb\u00e1m sv\u00e9 doby a\u00a0sv\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Pro jedny byl Moh\u00e1\u010d d\u016fkazem bo\u017e\u00edho trestu.<\/p>\n
Pro druh\u00e9 symbolem hrdinsk\u00e9 ob\u011bti.<\/p>\n
Pro dal\u0161\u00ed po\u010d\u00e1tkem nov\u00e9 politick\u00e9 \u00e9ry.<\/p>\n
A pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky tomu p\u0159e\u017eil v\u00a0pam\u011bti mnohem d\u00e9le ne\u017e mnoh\u00e1 jin\u00e1, vojensky mo\u017en\u00e1 i\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed st\u0159etnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n
V kolektivn\u00ed pam\u011bti Ma\u010far\u016f se Moh\u00e1\u010d stal synonymem n\u00e1rodn\u00ed trag\u00e9die. Dodnes se v\u00a0ma\u010far\u0161tin\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00fdraz \u201eV\u00edce se ztratilo u\u00a0Moh\u00e1\u010de\u201c (T\u00f6bb is veszett Moh\u00e1csn\u00e1l) jako p\u0159ipom\u00ednka toho, \u017ee i\u00a0velk\u00e9 ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed lze p\u0159ekonat. Modern\u00ed badatel\u00e9 dokonce upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee historick\u00e1 pam\u011b\u0165 Moh\u00e1\u010de n\u011bkdy zast\u00ednila samotnou historickou ud\u00e1lost. Bitva se stala jedn\u00edm z\u00a0\u00fast\u0159edn\u00edch symbol\u016f ma\u010farsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin.<\/p>\n
Kdy\u017e se tedy pt\u00e1me, jak se Evropa dozv\u011bd\u011bla o\u00a0katastrof\u011b u\u00a0Moh\u00e1\u010de, odpov\u011b\u010f nen\u00ed jen \u201eprost\u0159ednictv\u00edm posl\u016f a\u00a0dopis\u016f\u201c.<\/p>\n
Evropa se o\u00a0n\u00ed dozv\u011bd\u011bla prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jedn\u00e9 z\u00a0prvn\u00edch modern\u00edch informa\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed. D\u00edky diplomat\u016fm, humanist\u016fm, tiska\u0159\u016fm a\u00a0kronik\u00e1\u0159\u016fm se zpr\u00e1va o\u00a0por\u00e1\u017ece roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila od Krakova po \u0158\u00edm. A\u00a0pr\u00e1v\u011b jejich texty zp\u016fsobily, \u017ee bitva, kter\u00e1 trvala n\u011bkolik hodin, p\u0159e\u017eila ve vzpom\u00ednk\u00e1ch cel\u00fdch stalet\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Moh\u00e1\u010d tak nebyl jen vojenskou katastrofou. Byl tak\u00e9 jednou z\u00a0prvn\u00edch velk\u00fdch medi\u00e1ln\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy.<\/p>\n
Pokud V\u00e1s toto obdob\u00ed zaj\u00edm\u00e1, m\u016f\u017eete si p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst tak\u00e9 m\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky: <\/p>\n
Dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky z\u00a0obdob\u00ed ran\u00e9ho novov\u011bku budou n\u00e1sledovat.<\/p>\n
KASZA, P\u00e9ter. Stephanus Brodericus – Epistulae. Vol. Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medii Recentisque Aevorum, Series Nova XIV. Budapest: Argumentum, 2012, s. 20.<\/p>\n
KRUPPA, Tam\u00e1s. Hungary and the Hungarians in Italian Public Opinion during and after the Long Turkish War. In: TESZELSZKY, Kees, ed. A\u00a0Divided Hungary in Europe: Exchanges, Networks and Representations, 1541\u20131699.\u00a0Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014, s. 143\u2013160.<\/p>\n
SZABARI, Antal. The Making of Moh\u00e1cs: History, Memory and Regional Narratives. [studie].<\/p>\n
TESZELSZKY, Kees, ed. A\u00a0Divided Hungary in Europe: Exchanges, Networks and Representations, 1541\u20131699.\u00a0Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014.\u00a0ISBN 978-1-4438-6432-4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Den, kter\u00fd zm\u011bnil d\u011bjiny Uher 29.\u00a0srpna 1526\u00a0se na jihu dne\u0161n\u00edho Ma\u010farska odehr\u00e1la bitva, kter\u00e1 zm\u011bnila d\u011bjiny st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy.…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":128029,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[3],"tags":[13369,1720,109,108,106,441,7060,796,5408,177],"class_list":["post-128028","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-evropa","tag-bitva","tag-dejiny","tag-europa","tag-europe","tag-evropa","tag-historie","tag-informace","tag-madarsko","tag-noviny","tag-zpravodajstvi"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116804647901648942","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/128028","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=128028"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/128028\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/128029"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=128028"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=128028"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=128028"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}