{"id":12810,"date":"2026-03-03T15:19:30","date_gmt":"2026-03-03T15:19:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/12810\/"},"modified":"2026-03-03T15:19:30","modified_gmt":"2026-03-03T15:19:30","slug":"banan-na-stene-stredoskolaci-v-prazske-galerii-resi-kde-konci-umeni-a-zacina-podvod-aktualne-cz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/12810\/","title":{"rendered":"Ban\u00e1n na st\u011bn\u011b. St\u0159edo\u0161kol\u00e1ci v pra\u017esk\u00e9 galerii \u0159e\u0161\u00ed, kde kon\u010d\u00ed um\u011bn\u00ed a za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 podvod \u2013 Aktu\u00e1ln\u011b.cz"},"content":{"rendered":"

Je \u00fater\u00fd 3. b\u0159ezna. Od dev\u00edti r\u00e1no do zhruba dvou hodin odpoledne debatuje v\u00a0instituci 86 st\u0159edo\u0161kola\u010dek a st\u0159edo\u0161kol\u00e1k\u016f \u2013 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed po\u010det od roku 2023, kdy Kunsthalle Praha projekt Debatov\u00e1n\u00ed v galerii spustila. Je zat\u00edm jedinou instituc\u00ed v \u010cesku, kter\u00e1 podobn\u00fd form\u00e1t po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edmo v prostoru mezi um\u011bleck\u00fdmi d\u00edly.<\/p>\n

Debata se neodehr\u00e1v\u00e1 jen v jednom s\u00e1le. Studentstvo se p\u0159esouv\u00e1 mezi instalacemi, do zasedac\u00edch m\u00edstnost\u00ed i prostoru bistra. \u00davod je je\u0161t\u011b ru\u0161n\u00fd, p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed se pravidla. Jakmile ale za\u010dne samotn\u00e9 kl\u00e1n\u00ed, prostor ztichne. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 telefony, iPady ani notebooky. V debat\u011b nen\u00ed f\u00e9r dohled\u00e1vat si informace. Studentky a studenti i mohou pracovat jen s t\u00edm, co v\u011bd\u00ed, co si p\u0159ipravili a co dok\u00e1\u017eou spole\u010dn\u011b na m\u00edst\u011b formulovat. Oz\u00fdv\u00e1 se rychl\u00e9 \u0161epot\u00e1n\u00ed mezi \u010dleny afirma\u010dn\u00edho a nega\u010dn\u00edho t\u00fdmu, jednotliv\u00e9 monology i vz\u00e1jemn\u00fd potlesk.<\/p>\n

Ban\u00e1n jako my\u0161lenka<\/p>\n

Afirmace (neboli obhajovac\u00ed t\u00fdm) tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee bez my\u0161lenky um\u011bn\u00ed neexistuje. \u201eD\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je kontext \u2013 kdo d\u00edlo vytvo\u0159il, v jak\u00e9 dob\u011b a v jak\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00e9 situaci,\u201c zazn\u00edv\u00e1. Um\u011bn\u00ed podle nich nelze uzav\u0159\u00edt do jedn\u00e9 definice ani \u0161katulky. Pokud alespo\u0148 jeden \u010dlov\u011bk dok\u00e1\u017ee v d\u00edle rozpoznat my\u0161lenku, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt um\u011bn\u00edm. Negace v\u0161ak oponuje: my\u0161lenka je subjektivn\u00ed a nelze ji m\u011b\u0159it. \u201eNezaslechli jsme konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad, kter\u00fd by va\u0161i teorii potvrdil. Pokud je my\u0161lenka \u010dist\u011b subjektivn\u00ed, nem\u016f\u017eeme rozhodnout, zda je dobr\u00e1,\u201c reaguje posledn\u00ed \u0159e\u010dn\u00edk nega\u010dn\u00edho t\u00fdmu.<\/p>\n

Zazn\u00edv\u00e1 jm\u00e9no Maurizia Cattelana a jeho slavn\u00e9ho ban\u00e1nu Comedian, p\u0159ilepen\u00e9ho na st\u011bn\u011b veletrhu Art Basel. Je to d\u016fkaz, \u017ee sta\u010d\u00ed my\u0161lenka? Nebo jen hra s publikem? A co pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1 vitr\u00edna? Co otev\u0159en\u00ed dve\u0159\u00ed, pokud m\u00e1 \u201eum\u011bleck\u00fd z\u00e1m\u011br\u201c?<\/p>\n

Kde je hranice?<\/p>\n

Negace upozor\u0148uje i na rozpory v argumentaci protistrany. Jednou je podle afirmace kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd kontext, podruh\u00e9 \u201ena tom nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed\u201c. Jednou je my\u0161lenka subjektivn\u00ed, jindy ji lze hodnotit. <\/p>\n

\u201eKdyby v\u0161echno bylo um\u011bn\u00edm, tak najednou nic nen\u00ed um\u011bn\u00ed. Ne ka\u017ed\u00e1 v\u011bc mus\u00ed n\u00e9st hlubok\u00e9 sd\u011blen\u00ed,\u201c zazn\u00edv\u00e1 z druh\u00e9 strany. Debata se st\u00e1\u010d\u00ed i k ot\u00e1zce, zda je um\u011bn\u00ed subjektivn\u00ed, nebo existuj\u00ed objektivn\u00ed krit\u00e9ria. Pokud se spole\u010dnost na n\u011b\u010dem shodne, sta\u010d\u00ed to? Nebo sta\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee my\u0161lenka p\u016fsob\u00ed na jednoho \u010dlov\u011bka?<\/p>\n

Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed<\/p>\n

\"\u201eM\u011bla\"\u201eM\u011bla\"\u201eM\u011bla<\/p>\n

61 fotografi\u00edProhl\u00e9dnout si 61 fotografi\u00ed<\/p>\n

Argument m\u00e1 strukturu<\/p>\n

Form\u00e1t debatov\u00e1n\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fd. Argument m\u00e1 \u010dty\u0159i \u010d\u00e1sti: tvrzen\u00ed, vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, d\u016fkaz a dopad. Studenti se u\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee nesta\u010d\u00ed \u0159\u00edct \u201eje to tak\u201c, ale formulovat \u201epodle m\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru\u201c a sv\u00e9 tvrzen\u00ed podlo\u017eit konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem nebo faktem. Nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159i k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00fdch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch. \u0158e\u010dn\u00edci nev\u011bd\u00ed, co zazn\u00ed. Mus\u00ed reagovat okam\u017eit\u011b. A pr\u00e1v\u011b tehdy je vid\u011bt, jak n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 je pod tlakem p\u0159esn\u011b formulovat vlastn\u00ed my\u0161lenku a je\u0161t\u011b ji podlo\u017eit a obh\u00e1jit.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed \u0159e\u010dnick\u00fdm pult\u00edkem rozhod\u010d\u00ed Tereza Teplansk\u00e1 z\u00a0Asociace debatn\u00edch klub\u016f a Martina Freitag z Kunsthalle zapisuj\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd argument i reakci. Nejde o zn\u00e1mky, ale o zp\u011btnou vazbu. Po skon\u010den\u00ed debaty dost\u00e1v\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd t\u00fdm podrobn\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed \u2013 co bylo siln\u00e9, kde chyb\u011bly p\u0159\u00edklady, kde si \u0159e\u010dn\u00edci proti\u0159e\u010dili.<\/p>\n

Rozhod\u010d\u00ed upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee afirmace p\u0159inesla siln\u00e9 \u00favahy o \u00fa\u010delu um\u011bn\u00ed, ale chyb\u011bly konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady. Negace naopak pracovala s jasn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edklady, ale m\u00edsty se ztr\u00e1cela v definici samotn\u00e9 my\u0161lenky. \u201ePokud podle v\u00e1s my\u0161lenka nen\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1, mus\u00edte vysv\u011btlit, pro\u010d to tak podle v\u00e1s je,\u201c zazn\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i rozboru Terezy Teplansk\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Vzpom\u00ednka na lavice<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e studenty poslouch\u00e1m, vrac\u00edm se o dv\u011b dek\u00e1dy zp\u011bt na Gymn\u00e1zium v\u00a0P\u00edsku, kde debatn\u00ed krou\u017eek prob\u00edhal mezi lavicemi. U\u010dili jsme se obh\u00e1jit tvrzen\u00ed, se kter\u00fdm jsme n\u011bkdy sami nesouhlasili, zjistit, jak argument podpo\u0159it fakty, jak reagovat klidn\u011b, kdy\u017e se druh\u00e1 strana ost\u0159e vymezuje, a to v\u0161e v\u00a0\u010dasov\u00fdch limitech.<\/p>\n

Tehdy jsem netu\u0161ila, \u017ee podobn\u00e1 zku\u0161enost m\u016f\u017ee prob\u00edhat i mezi instalacemi sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed. Studentstvo v\u00a0Kunsthalle debatuje nad ot\u00e1zkou, co je um\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edmo v jedn\u00e9 z nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00edch um\u011bleck\u00fdch instituc\u00ed v \u010cesku. Po kl\u00e1n\u00ed nav\u00edc m\u00e1 mo\u017enost diskutovat s kur\u00e1torkou Barborou Ropkovou a um\u011blcem Ji\u0159\u00edm Kovandou.<\/p>\n

Martina Freitag, kunsthistori\u010dka a teoreti\u010dka z Kunsthalle Praha, kter\u00e1 projekt iniciovala a dlouhodob\u011b vede, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: \u201eMoc m\u011b t\u011b\u0161\u00ed vid\u011bt, jak\u00fd z\u00e1jem o debatov\u00e1n\u00ed je a jak jsou jednotliv\u00e9 t\u00fdmy p\u0159ipraveny. Studentsvo m\u00e1 siln\u00e9 argumenty a jejich debaty jsou p\u0159esn\u011b ty, kter\u00e9 by se m\u011bly kolem um\u011bn\u00ed ve spole\u010dnosti odehr\u00e1vat. Bavit se o tom, co jsou role a funkce um\u011bn\u00ed, co p\u0159esn\u011b je um\u011bleck\u00e1 my\u0161lenka, co je subjektivita, jak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je pro vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed kontext a podobn\u011b.\u201c<\/p>\n

Dne\u0161n\u00ed doba pot\u0159ebuje civilizovanou debatu<\/p>\n

V dob\u011b, kdy se ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 debata \u010dasto redukuje na vyhrocen\u00e9 v\u00fdk\u0159iky na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch a rychl\u00e9 soudy bez kontextu, p\u016fsob\u00ed n\u011bkolikahodinov\u00e9 argumenta\u010dn\u00ed kl\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161estn\u00e1cti a\u017e devaten\u00e1ctilet\u00fdch studentek a student\u016f t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ne\u010dekan\u011b klidn\u011b. U\u010d\u00ed se tu n\u011bco, co \u010desk\u00e9 \u0161kolstv\u00ed systematicky nerozv\u00edj\u00ed: jak mluvit, kdy\u017e s n\u011bk\u00fdm nesouhlas\u00edm. <\/p>\n

Jak formulovat n\u00e1zor bez absolutn\u00edch tvrzen\u00ed. Jak p\u0159iznat, \u017ee m\u016fj pohled je pouze moje p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, a ne univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed pravda. Odpov\u011b\u010f na ot\u00e1zku, zda v\u0161echno m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt um\u011bn\u00edm, pokud to m\u00e1 my\u0161lenku, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 otev\u0159en\u00e1. Ale schopnost o n\u00ed debatovat je mo\u017en\u00e1 d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e samotn\u00fd v\u00fdsledek.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Je \u00fater\u00fd 3. b\u0159ezna. Od dev\u00edti r\u00e1no do zhruba dvou hodin odpoledne debatuje v\u00a0instituci 86 st\u0159edo\u0161kola\u010dek a st\u0159edo\u0161kol\u00e1k\u016f…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":12811,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[98,99,6164],"class_list":{"0":"post-12810","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-praha","8":"tag-prague","9":"tag-praha","10":"tag-student"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116165919574822602","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12810","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12810"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12810\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12811"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12810"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12810"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12810"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}