{"id":129887,"date":"2026-06-26T06:18:11","date_gmt":"2026-06-26T06:18:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/129887\/"},"modified":"2026-06-26T06:18:11","modified_gmt":"2026-06-26T06:18:11","slug":"digitalni-euro-evropa-chce-vlastni-platebni-system-banky-ale-resi-kdo-zaplati-ucet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/129887\/","title":{"rendered":"Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro: Evropa chce vlastn\u00ed platebn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, banky ale \u0159e\u0161\u00ed, kdo zaplat\u00ed \u00fa\u010det"},"content":{"rendered":"

Na\u00a0prvn\u00ed pohled jde o\u00a0technickou novinku v\u00a0platebn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu. Ve\u00a0skute\u010dnosti je to ale jeden z\u00a0nejpoliti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch finan\u010dn\u00edch projekt\u016f sou\u010dasn\u00e9 Evropy. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro je pokus vytvo\u0159it evropskou platebn\u00ed infrastrukturu, kter\u00e1 nebude st\u00e1t na\u00a0americk\u00fdch karetn\u00edch spole\u010dnostech, americk\u00fdch technologick\u00fdch platform\u00e1ch ani na\u00a0dolarov\u00fdch stablecoinech.<\/p>\n

Evropa po\u00a0rusk\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 krizi zjistila, jak drah\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt strategick\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost. Te\u010f se\u00a0stejn\u00e1 logika p\u0159esouv\u00e1 do\u00a0plateb. Platba kartou v\u00a0eurech sice vypad\u00e1 evropsky, ale jej\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasto b\u011b\u017e\u00ed p\u0159es\u00a0glob\u00e1ln\u00ed infrastrukturu<\/a>, kterou evropsk\u00e9 instituce neovl\u00e1daj\u00ed. A\u00a0pr\u00e1v\u011b to se\u00a0Brusel a\u00a0Frankfurt sna\u017e\u00ed zm\u011bnit.<\/p>\n

Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro nen\u00ed euro na\u00a0\u00fa\u010dtu <\/p>\n

N\u00e1zev \u201edigit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro\u201c m\u016f\u017ee m\u00e1st. V\u011bt\u0161ina eur u\u017e dnes digit\u00e1ln\u00ed je. Lid\u00e9 a\u00a0firmy je dr\u017e\u00ed na\u00a0\u00fa\u010dtech u\u00a0bank, pos\u00edlaj\u00ed je p\u0159es\u00a0internetov\u00e9 bankovnictv\u00ed a\u00a0plat\u00ed jimi kartou nebo mobilem. To ale nejsou pen\u00edze\u00a0centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky. Jsou to pohled\u00e1vky klient\u016f za\u00a0komer\u010dn\u00ed bankou.<\/p>\n

Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro m\u00e1 b\u00fdt n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho. Bl\u00ed\u017ee podstat\u011b je ozna\u010den\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed hotovost nebo digit\u00e1ln\u00ed ob\u011b\u017eivo. Stejn\u011b jako bankovky a\u00a0mince by \u0161lo o\u00a0pen\u00edze\u00a0p\u0159\u00edmo vyd\u00e1van\u00e9 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed bankou. Rozd\u00edl by byl ve\u00a0form\u011b: m\u00edsto pap\u00edru a\u00a0kovu digit\u00e1ln\u00ed pen\u011b\u017eenka.<\/p>\n

Prakticky by si \u010dlov\u011bk\u00a0mohl digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro p\u0159edstavit jako ne\u00faro\u010den\u00fd \u00fa\u010det nebo pen\u011b\u017eenku u\u00a0centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky, ke\u00a0kter\u00e9 by se\u00a0dostal p\u0159es\u00a0bankovn\u00ed aplikaci, samostatnou aplikaci od\u00a0ECB nebo platebn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee z\u016fstatek by nebyl pohled\u00e1vkou za\u00a0komer\u010dn\u00ed bankou, ale p\u0159\u00edmo za\u00a0centr\u00e1ln\u00ed bankou.<\/p>\n

To je podstatn\u00fd rozd\u00edl. B\u011b\u017en\u00fd \u00fa\u010det je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed bankovn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro by bylo digit\u00e1ln\u00ed obdobou hotovosti: ve\u0159ejn\u00e9, bezrizikov\u00e9 a\u00a0vyd\u00e1van\u00e9 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed bankou.<\/p>\n

\"Summit<\/a> Pro\u010d to chce ECB? <\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed d\u016fvod je struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed. Jak lid\u00e9 plat\u00ed st\u00e1le m\u00e9n\u011b hotovost\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00edce digit\u00e1ln\u011b, ustupuje z\u00a0ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota jedin\u00e1 forma pen\u011bz\u00a0centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky, kterou ve\u0159ejnost b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1: bankovky a\u00a0mince. ECB nechce, aby se\u00a0pen\u00edze\u00a0centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky postupn\u011b staly jen technickou polo\u017ekou mezi bankami.<\/p>\n

Tento argument nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b neot\u0159esiteln\u00fd. P\u0159\u00edklad E-koruny ve\u00a0\u0160v\u00e9dsku<\/a> ukazuje, \u017ee i v\u00fdrazn\u00fd pokles pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed hotovosti nemus\u00ed s\u00e1m o sob\u011b rozb\u00edt m\u011bnov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. P\u0159esto ECB vych\u00e1z\u00ed vst\u0159\u00edc tomu, \u017ee lid\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed platit digit\u00e1ln\u011b. Pokud m\u00e1 hotovost v digit\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u011bku p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt jako ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 mo\u017enost, mus\u00ed m\u00edt digit\u00e1ln\u00ed podobu.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00fd d\u016fvod je nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0politicky siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed: strategick\u00e1 autonomie. Evropa nem\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed celoevropsk\u00e9 karetn\u00ed sch\u00e9ma, kter\u00e9 by dok\u00e1zalo konkurovat glob\u00e1ln\u00edm americk\u00fdm hr\u00e1\u010d\u016fm. Visa a\u00a0Mastercard maj\u00ed v\u00a0euroz\u00f3n\u011b dominantn\u00ed postaven\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed karetn\u00ed transakce jsou na\u00a0nich z\u00e1visl\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011bji.<\/p>\n

Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro proto za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 p\u0159ipom\u00ednat m\u00e9n\u011b \u201enovou bankovku\u201c a\u00a0v\u00edce evropskou platebn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165. M\u00e1 b\u00fdt ve\u0159ejnou alternativou k\u00a0infrastruktu\u0159e, kter\u00e1 dnes z\u00a0velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti vznikla mimo Evropu.<\/p>\n

Vlastn\u00ed karta bez\u00a0karty <\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b tady je j\u00e1dro projektu. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro m\u00e1 fungovat jako platebn\u00ed metoda pro\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 transakce: v\u00a0obchod\u011b, online, mezi lidmi, a\u00a0pokud to technika dovol\u00ed, i\u00a0offline. Pro\u00a0spot\u0159ebitele maj\u00ed b\u00fdt z\u00e1kladn\u00ed platby zdarma. Obchodn\u00edci by platili poplatky, ale ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u\u00a0\u010d\u00e1sti sou\u010dasn\u00fdch karetn\u00edch plateb.<\/p>\n

To m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit rovnov\u00e1hu na\u00a0trhu. Pro\u00a0obchodn\u00edky by digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro mohlo b\u00fdt levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e karty. Pokud by jeho p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed bylo a\u017e\u00a0na\u00a0v\u00fdjimky povinn\u00e9, m\u011bli by obchodn\u00edci jistotu, \u017ee z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u00a0t\u00edmto n\u00e1strojem zaplatit m\u016f\u017ee. A\u00a0pokud by obchodn\u00edci za\u010dali digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro preferovat, nap\u0159\u00edklad slevami nebo tlakem na\u00a0z\u00e1kazn\u00edky, mohlo by to zvy\u0161ovat motivaci lid\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed eura dr\u017eet.<\/p>\n

Na\u00a0stran\u011b p\u0159\u00edjemc\u016f plateb je proto \u00fasp\u011bch \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zaji\u0161t\u011bn regulac\u00ed. U\u00a0spot\u0159ebitel\u016f bude z\u00e1le\u017eet na\u00a0tom, zda digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro nab\u00eddne n\u011bco nav\u00edc oproti kart\u011b, mobiln\u00ed pen\u011b\u017eence nebo okam\u017eit\u00e9 platb\u011b.<\/p>\n

A\u00a0tady je slabina projektu. Z\u00a0hlediska b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho u\u017eivatele nemus\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro p\u0159in\u00e9st mnoho nov\u00e9ho. Lid\u00e9 u\u017e dnes um\u011bj\u00ed platit mobilem, kartou nebo p\u0159evodem. Projekt proto nestoj\u00ed jen na\u00a0pohodl\u00ed, ale na\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m z\u00e1jmu: odolnosti, ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch poplatc\u00edch, evropsk\u00e9 kontrole a\u00a0z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed platebn\u00ed infrastruktu\u0159e.<\/p>\n

Limit, vodop\u00e1d a\u00a0strach bank <\/p>\n

Aby digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro neohrozilo bankovn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 se\u00a0s\u00a0limitem, kolik digit\u00e1ln\u00edch eur bude moci \u010dlov\u011bk\u00a0dr\u017eet. V\u00a0debat\u011b se\u00a0\u010dasto mluv\u00ed o\u00a0\u010d\u00e1stce kolem t\u0159\u00ed tis\u00edc eur pro\u00a0spot\u0159ebitele. U\u00a0firem a\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho sektoru se\u00a0uva\u017euje o\u00a0mnohem p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pravidlech, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b nulov\u00e9m limitu dr\u017eby.<\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9m m\u00e1 b\u00fdt propojen\u00fd s\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dtem. Pokud by platba nebo p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00ed p\u0159evod p\u0159ekro\u010dily limit digit\u00e1ln\u00ed pen\u011b\u017eenky, pen\u00edze\u00a0nad\u00a0limit automaticky p\u0159ete\u010dou na\u00a0\u00fa\u010det u\u00a0komer\u010dn\u00ed banky. ECB tomu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u201ewaterfall\u201c, tedy vodop\u00e1d. Opa\u010dn\u00fd mechanismus by naopak automaticky doplnil digit\u00e1ln\u00ed pen\u011b\u017eenku z\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dtu, pokud by \u010dlov\u011bk\u00a0cht\u011bl zaplatit v\u00edc, ne\u017e v\u00a0n\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b m\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Limity nejsou technick\u00fd detail. Jsou pojistkou p\u0159ed\u00a0p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00fdm \u00fasp\u011bchem digit\u00e1ln\u00edho eura. Kdyby lid\u00e9 mohli dr\u017eet u\u00a0centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky neomezen\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky, v\u00a0dob\u011b bankovn\u00ed nervozity by mohli velmi rychle p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt pen\u00edze\u00a0z\u00a0komer\u010dn\u00edch bank do\u00a0bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed hotovosti. To by mohlo prohloubit bankovn\u00ed krizi.<\/p>\n

Proto m\u00e1 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro z\u016fstat platebn\u00edm n\u00e1strojem, nikoli investi\u010dn\u00edm nebo spo\u0159ic\u00edm produktem. M\u00e1 b\u00fdt ne\u00faro\u010den\u00e9 a\u00a0omezen\u00e9 limitem.<\/p>\n

\"Brusel<\/a> Bank\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee vz\u00edt \u00faroky i\u00a0poplatky <\/p>\n

Banky se\u00a0digit\u00e1ln\u00edho eura neob\u00e1vaj\u00ed jen kv\u016fli mo\u017en\u00e9 ztr\u00e1t\u011b vklad\u016f. Jde tak\u00e9 o\u00a0\u00faroky a\u00a0poplatky.<\/p>\n

Sou\u010dasn\u00fd m\u011bnov\u00fd syst\u00e9m euroz\u00f3ny funguje u\u017e dlouho v\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00ed nadbytku likvidity. Komer\u010dn\u00ed banky \u010dasto ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st prost\u0159edk\u016f u\u00a0centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky a\u00a0dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed za\u00a0n\u011b m\u011bnov\u011bpolitickou sazbu. Z\u016fstatky klient\u016f na\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dtech jsou p\u0159itom \u010dasto \u00faro\u010deny minim\u00e1ln\u011b nebo v\u016fbec.<\/p>\n

Pokud klient p\u0159esune \u010d\u00e1st pen\u011bz\u00a0z\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dtu do\u00a0digit\u00e1ln\u00edho eura, komer\u010dn\u00ed banka ztr\u00e1c\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st zdroj\u016f a\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u011b p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed o\u00a0mo\u017enost ukl\u00e1dat tyto prost\u0159edky u\u00a0centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky za\u00a0\u00farok. Proto\u017ee\u00a0digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro \u00faro\u010deno b\u00fdt nem\u00e1, centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banka by naopak mohla sn\u00ed\u017eit n\u00e1klady na\u00a0stahov\u00e1n\u00ed likvidity.<\/p>\n

Nejde o\u00a0\u010d\u00e1stky, kter\u00e9 by m\u011bly bankovn\u00ed sektor zni\u010dit, ale nejsou zanedbateln\u00e9. Pokud by nap\u0159\u00edklad digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro pou\u017e\u00edvalo sto milion\u016f lid\u00ed a\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b dr\u017eeli 1500 eur, \u0161lo by o\u00a0objem kolem 150 miliard eur. P\u0159i\u00a0dvouprocentn\u00ed sazb\u011b by to mohlo bank\u00e1m vz\u00edt n\u011bkolik miliard eur ro\u010dn\u011b na\u00a0\u00farokov\u00fdch v\u00fdnosech. K\u00a0tomu se\u00a0p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty na\u00a0karetn\u00edch poplatc\u00edch a\u00a0n\u00e1klady na\u00a0\u00fapravu bankovn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n

Banky proto budou tla\u010dit na\u00a0kompenzace, jasn\u00e1 pravidla a\u00a0limity. Nejde jen o\u00a0odpor k\u00a0inovaci. Jde o\u00a0to, \u017ee ve\u0159ejn\u00fd sektor vstupuje do\u00a0oblasti, z\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e soukrom\u00e9 banky a\u00a0platebn\u00ed firmy dlouhodob\u011b \u010derpaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmy.<\/p>\n

Inflaci to samo o\u00a0sob\u011b nezv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed <\/p>\n

Jedna z\u00a0\u010dast\u00fdch obav zn\u00ed, zda digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro nezv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed pen\u011bz\u00a0v\u00a0ekonomice a\u00a0t\u00edm\u00a0i\u00a0inflaci. V\u00a0z\u00e1kladn\u00ed podob\u011b nikoli. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro nen\u00ed helikopt\u00e9rov\u00e1 platba, kterou by ECB rozd\u00e1vala lidem nav\u00edc. Je to jin\u00e1 forma pen\u011bz.<\/p>\n

Bu\u010f\u00a0nahrad\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st hotovosti, nebo \u010d\u00e1st pen\u011bz\u00a0na\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dtech. Celkov\u00fd objem pen\u011bz\u00a0se\u00a0t\u00edm\u00a0automaticky nezv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed. Zm\u011bn\u00ed se\u00a0ale jejich struktura: \u010d\u00e1st pen\u011bz\u00a0se\u00a0p\u0159esune z\u00a0bilanc\u00ed komer\u010dn\u00edch bank do\u00a0bilanc\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky.<\/p>\n

A\u00a0pr\u00e1v\u011b tento struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159esun je d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ot\u00e1zka inflace. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit vztah mezi centr\u00e1ln\u00ed bankou, komer\u010dn\u00edmi bankami a\u00a0ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed. Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banka by se\u00a0poprv\u00e9 stala p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm poskytovatelem digit\u00e1ln\u00edch pen\u011bz\u00a0pro\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 ob\u010dany.<\/p>\n

To je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed novinka v\u00a0architektu\u0159e finan\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

Soukrom\u00ed rozhodne o\u00a0d\u016fv\u011b\u0159e <\/p>\n

Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro nar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed i\u00a0na\u00a0ot\u00e1zku soukrom\u00ed. ECB slibuje<\/a>, \u017ee nebude schopna p\u0159\u00edmo identifikovat u\u017eivatele podle platebn\u00edch dat. Offline platby maj\u00ed nab\u00eddnout vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru d\u016fv\u011brnosti, podobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hotovosti. U\u00a0online plateb ale \u00fapln\u00e9 anonymity dos\u00e1hnout nelze.<\/p>\n

To je jeden z\u00a0d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 karetn\u00ed sch\u00e9ma ne\u017e skute\u010dn\u00e9 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed bankovky. Bankovkou lze zaplatit anonymn\u011b. U\u00a0online digit\u00e1ln\u00ed platby v\u017edy vznik\u00e1 datov\u00e1 stopa a\u00a0st\u00e1t mus\u00ed z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u0159e\u0161it pran\u00ed pen\u011bz, financov\u00e1n\u00ed kriminality a\u00a0bezpe\u010dnost syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

Politick\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch digit\u00e1ln\u00edho eura proto bude z\u00e1viset na\u00a0d\u016fv\u011b\u0159e. Pokud se\u00a0z\u00a0n\u011bj v\u00a0o\u010d\u00edch ve\u0159ejnosti stane n\u00e1stroj sledov\u00e1n\u00ed plateb, projekt se\u00a0bude obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b prosazovat. Pokud bude soukrom\u00ed vysv\u011btleno a\u00a0technicky chr\u00e1n\u011bno, m\u016f\u017ee digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro z\u00edskat \u0161anci jako praktick\u00e1 alternativa.<\/p>\n

Trojsk\u00fd k\u016f\u0148, nebo rozumn\u00e1 pojistka? <\/p>\n

Nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zky se\u00a0net\u00fdkaj\u00ed prvn\u00edho spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, ale dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdvoje. Pravidla digit\u00e1ln\u00edho eura nebudou vytes\u00e1na\u00a0do\u00a0kamene.<\/p>\n

Dnes se\u00a0po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee bude ur\u010deno hlavn\u011b pro\u00a0fyzick\u00e9 osoby, bude ne\u00faro\u010den\u00e9 a\u00a0bude m\u00edt limit dr\u017eby. Jen\u017ee\u00a0v\u00a0budoucnu se\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee objevit tlak na\u00a0zm\u011bnu. Pro\u010d by bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pen\u00edze\u00a0centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky nemohly dr\u017eet i\u00a0firmy? Pro\u010d by m\u011bly existovat limity na\u00a0jednu formu pen\u011bz, kdy\u017e\u00a0na\u00a0bankovky \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd podobn\u00fd limit nen\u00ed? A\u00a0pokud m\u00e1 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banka z\u00e1jem, aby se\u00a0jej\u00ed sazby rychleji propisovaly k\u00a0ve\u0159ejnosti, pro\u010d by digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro jednou nemohlo b\u00fdt \u00faro\u010den\u00e9?<\/p>\n

Tady se\u00a0otev\u00edr\u00e1 mnohem hlub\u0161\u00ed debata. \u00daro\u010den\u00e9 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro by mohlo b\u00fdt siln\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem m\u011bnov\u00e9 politiky. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 by ale je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edc konkurovalo bankovn\u00edm vklad\u016fm. A\u00a0pokud by hotovost d\u00e1l ustupovala, mohlo by digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro \u010dasem zm\u011bnit i\u00a0debatu o\u00a0z\u00e1porn\u00fdch sazb\u00e1ch nebo o\u00a0samotn\u00e9 budoucnosti pap\u00edrov\u00e9ho ob\u011b\u017eiva.<\/p>\n

ECB opakovan\u011b tvrd\u00ed<\/a>, \u017ee digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro nem\u00e1 hotovost nahradit. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto Evropsk\u00fd parlament \u0159e\u0161\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b i\u00a0ochranu hotovosti jako z\u00e1konn\u00e9ho platidla. P\u0159esto bude ve\u0159ejnost sledovat, zda se\u00a0digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro nestane trojsk\u00fdm kon\u011bm pro\u00a0postupn\u00e9 omezov\u00e1n\u00ed bankovek.<\/p>\n

\"Pr\u016fmysl<\/a> \u010cesko mimo euroz\u00f3nu: digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro ano, digit\u00e1ln\u00ed koruna sp\u00ed\u0161 ne <\/p>\n

Pro\u00a0\u010ceskou republiku je projekt d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd i\u00a0bez\u00a0p\u0159ijet\u00ed eura. Podle sou\u010dasn\u00fdch \u00favah by ob\u010dan\u00e9 zem\u00ed mimo euroz\u00f3nu mohli za\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro dr\u017eet, pokud by existovala dohoda mezi ECB a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nou n\u00e1rodn\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00ed bankou. V\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tedy mezi ECB a\u00a0\u010cNB.<\/p>\n

Praktick\u00fd dopad by ale nemusel b\u00fdt dramatick\u00fd. \u010ce\u0161i\u00a0u\u017e dnes mohou m\u00edt eurov\u00e9 nebo multim\u011bnov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dty. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro by bylo dal\u0161\u00ed formou dr\u017eby eur, nikoli z\u00e1sadn\u00ed m\u011bnovou revoluc\u00ed v\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9 ekonomice. Nav\u00edc by v\u00a0\u010cesku z\u0159ejm\u011b neplatila povinn\u00e1 akceptace u\u00a0obchodn\u00edk\u016f, pokud zem\u011b z\u016fstane mimo euroz\u00f3nu.<\/p>\n

Jin\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka zn\u00ed, zda by d\u00e1vala smysl digit\u00e1ln\u00ed koruna. Teoreticky ano. Prakticky zat\u00edm sp\u00ed\u0161 ne.<\/p>\n

\u010cesk\u00fd trh je men\u0161\u00ed, implementa\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1klady by byly vysok\u00e9 a\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 popt\u00e1vka po\u00a0digit\u00e1ln\u00ed korun\u011b nen\u00ed siln\u00e1. \u010cesk\u00fd platebn\u00ed syst\u00e9m nav\u00edc funguje pom\u011brn\u011b dob\u0159e: okam\u017eit\u00e9 platby se\u00a0rozv\u00edjej\u00ed, bankovn\u00ed aplikace jsou mezi lidmi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 a\u00a0kartov\u00e9 i\u00a0mobiln\u00ed platby jsou pohodln\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Pro\u00a0\u010cesko se\u00a0proto zd\u00e1 rozumn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed posilovat st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed infrastrukturu: okam\u017eit\u00e9 platby, bezpe\u010dnost, odolnost syst\u00e9mu a\u00a0levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativy pro\u00a0obchodn\u00edky. Podobnou lekci nab\u00edz\u00ed \u0160v\u00e9dsko, kde projekt e-koruny po\u00a0vl\u00e1dn\u00ed anal\u00fdze\u00a0prakticky zamrzl, proto\u017ee\u00a0se\u00a0uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee pot\u0159eba nov\u00e9 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky nen\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b siln\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed koruna by tedy dnes byla sp\u00ed\u0161 velk\u00fd st\u00e1tn\u00ed IT a\u00a0legislativn\u00ed projekt hledaj\u00edc\u00ed probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161it.<\/p>\n

Co bude n\u00e1sledovat <\/p>\n

Nejprve mus\u00ed pozici v\u00fdboru potvrdit pl\u00e9num Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu. Pot\u00e9 za\u010dnou jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0\u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty a\u00a0Komis\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tam se\u00a0rozhodne o\u00a0detailech: limitech dr\u017eby, poplatc\u00edch, roli bank, pravidlech pro\u00a0obchodn\u00edky, ochran\u011b hotovosti a\u00a0standardech soukrom\u00ed.<\/p>\n

C\u00edlem je dohodnout legislativn\u00ed r\u00e1mec do\u00a0konce roku. Pokud se\u00a0to poda\u0159\u00ed, pilotn\u00ed f\u00e1ze\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee za\u010d\u00edt v\u00a0roce 2027. Pln\u00e9 spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed se\u00a0\u010dek\u00e1 nejd\u0159\u00edve\u00a0kolem roku 2029.<\/p>\n

Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro tak nen\u00ed revoluce z\u00edt\u0159ka. Je to infrastruktura na\u00a0konec dek\u00e1dy. Jen\u017ee\u00a0pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se\u00a0o\u00a0n\u00ed rozhoduje te\u010f. Platebn\u00ed syst\u00e9my se\u00a0nebuduj\u00ed p\u0159es\u00a0noc a\u00a0strategick\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti se\u00a0ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed a\u017e\u00a0ve\u00a0chv\u00edli, kdy se\u00a0stanou kriz\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Evropsk\u00fd test dosp\u011blosti <\/p>\n

Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro bude testem evropsk\u00e9 schopnosti d\u011blat strategick\u00e9 projekty. EU um\u00ed regulovat trh. H\u016f\u0159 se\u00a0j\u00ed da\u0159\u00ed stav\u011bt vlastn\u00ed infrastrukturu, kter\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee konkurovat glob\u00e1ln\u00edm hr\u00e1\u010d\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Pokud digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro skon\u010d\u00ed jako t\u011b\u017ekop\u00e1dn\u00fd kompromis, kter\u00fd bude pou\u017e\u00edvat jen minimum lid\u00ed, nic z\u00e1sadn\u00edho se\u00a0nezm\u011bn\u00ed. Visa, Mastercard, Apple Pay, Google Pay a\u00a0dolarov\u00e9 stablecoiny pojedou d\u00e1l. Evropa bude m\u00edt politick\u00fd symbol, ale ne skute\u010dnou alternativu.<\/p>\n

Pokud se\u00a0ale poda\u0159\u00ed vytvo\u0159it jednoduch\u00fd, levn\u00fd, bezpe\u010dn\u00fd a\u00a0d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fd platebn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj, m\u016f\u017ee digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro zm\u011bnit evropsk\u00fd finan\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Ne t\u00edm, \u017ee nahrad\u00ed hotovost nebo banky. Ale t\u00edm, \u017ee Evrop\u011b d\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed ve\u0159ejnou digit\u00e1ln\u00ed platebn\u00ed vrstvu.<\/p>\n

A\u00a0pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je projekt tak sporn\u00fd. Nen\u00ed to jen nov\u00e1 pen\u011b\u017eenka v\u00a0mobilu. Je to z\u00e1sah do\u00a0vztahu mezi centr\u00e1ln\u00ed bankou, komer\u010dn\u00edmi bankami, obchodn\u00edky a\u00a0ob\u010dany. M\u016f\u017ee omezit vliv americk\u00fdch karetn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit n\u011bkter\u00e9 poplatky. M\u016f\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it odolnost plateb. Ale tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee v\u00a0\u010dase otev\u0159\u00edt ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 dnes ECB rad\u011bji dr\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0technick\u00e9 rovin\u011b: kdo m\u00e1 dr\u017eet bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pen\u00edze\u00a0centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky, zda maj\u00ed b\u00fdt \u00faro\u010den\u00e9 a\u00a0jakou roli budou m\u00edt komer\u010dn\u00ed banky, pokud ve\u0159ejnost jednou z\u00edsk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd digit\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u010det u\u00a0centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky.<\/p>\n

Evropa si dlouho myslela, \u017ee sta\u010d\u00ed m\u00edt spole\u010dnou m\u011bnu. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed doba j\u00ed p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee m\u011bna\u00a0nen\u00ed jen jednotka v\u00a0\u00fa\u010detnictv\u00ed. Je to i\u00a0infrastruktura, po\u00a0kter\u00e9 pen\u00edze\u00a0te\u010dou.<\/p>\n

A\u00a0kdo kontroluje infrastrukturu, ten m\u00e1 v\u00a0krizi v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed moc ne\u017e ten, kdo jen vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 mince a\u00a0bankovky.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Na\u00a0prvn\u00ed pohled jde o\u00a0technickou novinku v\u00a0platebn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu. Ve\u00a0skute\u010dnosti je to ale jeden z\u00a0nejpoliti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch finan\u010dn\u00edch projekt\u016f sou\u010dasn\u00e9 Evropy. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":129888,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[3],"tags":[35439,1985,35422,35436,10423,35418,35417,35420,35424,35423,35431,35432,35433,35429,35425,35428,35427,35437,35435,2958,35442,5678,35434,5198,109,108,7968,106,321,249,35438,35449,2154,35446,35440,35421,35430,35419,22859,14946,35443,24241,35450,35445,35448,35447,35426,35444,35441,10456,22862],"class_list":["post-129887","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-evropa","tag-apple-pay","tag-banky","tag-bude-digitalni-euro-nahrazovat-hotovost","tag-cbdc","tag-clenske-staty-eu","tag-co-je-digitalni-euro","tag-digitalni-euro","tag-digitalni-euro-2029","tag-digitalni-euro-a-banky","tag-digitalni-euro-a-soukromi","tag-digitalni-euro-ecb","tag-digitalni-euro-limity-drzby","tag-digitalni-euro-obchodnicidigitalni-euro","tag-digitalni-euro-offline-platby","tag-digitalni-euro-penezenka","tag-digitalni-euro-stablecoiny","tag-digitalni-euro-visa-mastercard","tag-digitalni-hotovost","tag-digitalni-mena-centralni-banky","tag-digitalni-penezenka","tag-dolarove-stablecoiny","tag-ecb","tag-econ","tag-euro","tag-europa","tag-europe","tag-eurozona","tag-evropa","tag-evropska-centralni-banka","tag-evropska-komise","tag-evropska-platebni-suverenita","tag-evropske-platby","tag-evropsky-parlament","tag-financni-suverenita","tag-google-pay","tag-jak-bude-fungovat-digitalni-euro","tag-kdo-vyda-digitalni-euro","tag-kdy-bude-digitalni-euro","tag-mastercard","tag-obchodnici","tag-offline-platby","tag-online-platby","tag-platebni-infrastruktura","tag-platebni-poplatky","tag-platebni-suverenita","tag-plenum-evropskeho-parlamentu","tag-proc-eu-chce-digitalni-euro","tag-soukromi-plateb","tag-stablecoiny","tag-strategicka-autonomie-eu","tag-visa"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"","error":"Validation failed: Text character limit of 500 exceeded"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/129887","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=129887"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/129887\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/129888"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=129887"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=129887"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=129887"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}