{"id":130905,"date":"2026-06-27T04:48:17","date_gmt":"2026-06-27T04:48:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/130905\/"},"modified":"2026-06-27T04:48:17","modified_gmt":"2026-06-27T04:48:17","slug":"mramor-plyn-a-strach-jedna-z-nejizolovanejsich-zemi-predstira-otevirani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/130905\/","title":{"rendered":"Mramor, plyn a\u00a0strach. Jedna z\u00a0nejizolovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed p\u0159edst\u00edr\u00e1 otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Monument\u00e1ln\u00ed budovy oblo\u017een\u00e9 b\u00edl\u00fdm mramorem, \u0161irok\u00e9 a\u00a0t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 ulice, proslul\u00ed achaltekin\u0161t\u00ed kon\u011b proh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed se po rozlehl\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u00edch nebo dvan\u00e1ctimetrov\u00e1 pozlacen\u00e1 socha \u201ev\u016fdce v\u0161ech Turkmen\u016f\u201c, kter\u00e1 se d\u0159\u00edve ot\u00e1\u010dela za sluncem.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto v\u00fdjevy pat\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo obraz\u016fm, kter\u00e9 si sv\u011bt spojuje s\u00a0Turkmenist\u00e1nem – jednou z\u00a0nejuzav\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a\u00a0pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed m\u00e9dia nejh\u016f\u0159e p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch zem\u00ed planety.<\/p>\n

V posledn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch se v\u0161ak ve sv\u011btov\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch objevily i\u00a0jin\u00e9, pro siln\u011b autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd a\u00a0izolovan\u00fd st\u00e1t m\u00e9n\u011b obvykl\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny.<\/p>\n

V prosv\u011btlen\u00e9 kancel\u00e1\u0159i v\u00a0turkmensk\u00e9m hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b A\u0161chabadu \u0159\u00edd\u00ed Azat Seyitmuhammedov projekt, kter\u00fd lze v\u00a0m\u00edstn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch ozna\u010dit za pr\u016fkopnick\u00fd – internetov\u00fd obchod Wabrum. Jeho kur\u00fd\u0159i rozv\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed po zemi p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm oble\u010den\u00ed a\u00a0obuv z\u00a0Turecka.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

V a\u0161chabadsk\u00fdch n\u00e1kupn\u00edch centrech mezit\u00edm mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 nat\u00e1\u010dej\u00ed tane\u010dn\u00ed videa pro TikTok, p\u0159esto\u017ee je tato soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 v\u00a0zemi ofici\u00e1ln\u011b blokovan\u00e1.<\/p>\n

D\u00edky p\u0159ipojen\u00ed p\u0159es virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed priv\u00e1tn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b (VPN) se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 Instagram, cestovn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e nab\u00edzej\u00ed z\u00e1mo\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm Turkmen\u016fm dovolen\u00e9 v\u00a0Evrop\u011b a\u00a0jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii a\u00a0breakdance, kter\u00fd byl zhruba do p\u0159elomu tis\u00edcilet\u00ed undergroundovou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, se vyu\u010duje v\u00a0modern\u00edch sportovn\u00edch studi\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Dokonce se objevily n\u00e1znaky, \u017ee by se Turkmenist\u00e1n, kter\u00fd sed\u00ed na \u010dtvrt\u00fdch nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1sob\u00e1ch zemn\u00edho plynu na sv\u011bt\u011b, mohl \u201epod\u011blit\u201c s\u00a0Evropou.<\/p>\n

Tyto sc\u00e9ny letos zachytil report\u00e9r agentury Reuters, kter\u00fd z\u00edskal mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 povolen\u00ed cestovat po Turkmenist\u00e1nu bez st\u00e1tn\u00edho doprovodu. V\u00a0zemi, kter\u00e1 dlouhodob\u011b uplat\u0148uje jeden z\u00a0nejp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00edzov\u00fdch re\u017eim\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b a\u00a0zahrani\u010dn\u00ed novin\u00e1\u0159e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nevpou\u0161t\u00ed, byla neobvykl\u00e1 u\u017e samotn\u00e1 jeho p\u0159\u00edtomnost.<\/p>\n

Agentura Reuters<\/a> popsala i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1znaky mo\u017en\u00e9ho otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed – vl\u00e1da prezidenta Serdara Berdimuhamedowa hovo\u0159\u00ed o\u00a0zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed v\u00edzov\u00e9ho re\u017eimu, vstupu do Sv\u011btov\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed organizace a\u00a0diverzifikaci ekonomiky, kterou nad\u00e1le z\u00a0velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti \u0159\u00edd\u00ed st\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed diplomat\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee uvnit\u0159 vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed elity prob\u00edh\u00e1 genera\u010dn\u00ed obm\u011bna a\u00a0prostor pro osobn\u00ed svobody se v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech m\u00edrn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il.<\/p>\n

\u201ePodle m\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru je toto otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed pouze zd\u00e1nliv\u00e9,\u201c \u0159ekl v\u00a0rozhovoru pro Seznam Zpr\u00e1vy Luca Anceschi, profesor eurasijsk\u00fdch studi\u00ed na Glasgowsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b, kter\u00fd se dlouhodob\u011b zab\u00fdv\u00e1 turkmenskou zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politikou, autorit\u00e1\u0159stv\u00edm a\u00a0energetikou.<\/p>\n

Samotn\u00fd vstup jednoho novin\u00e1\u0159e podle n\u011bj je\u0161t\u011b nedokazuje, \u017ee turkmensk\u00e9 veden\u00ed p\u0159ijalo dlouhodobou politiku otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011b. \u201eNevid\u00edme \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 liberaliza\u010dn\u00ed iniciativy. Nevid\u00edme uvoln\u011bn\u00ed kontroly, cenzury ani repres\u00ed. Neprob\u00edh\u00e1 tedy \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u00e1 politick\u00e1 zm\u011bna,\u201c upozor\u0148uje.<\/p>\n

Souboj o\u00a0st\u0159edn\u00ed Asii<\/p>\n

Evropa se v\u00a0multipol\u00e1rn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it sv\u016fj vliv. Nyn\u00ed se po n\u011bm poohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Asii, kde jsou v\u0161ak ji\u017e integrovan\u00e9 Rusko a\u00a0\u010c\u00edna. Podle m\u00edstn\u00ed expertky proti nim Evropa moc dobr\u00e9 karty nem\u00e1, jeden trumf ale dr\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Report\u00e1\u017e Reuters sice zachycuje jevy, kter\u00e9 mohou p\u0159edstavovat zm\u011bnu oproti minulosti. Anceschi v\u0161ak upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee z\u00e1b\u011bry z\u00a0metropole nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt vypov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed. \u201eD\u016fle\u017eitou ot\u00e1zkou je, jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi \u017eivotem v\u00a0A\u0161chabadu a\u00a0\u017eivotem ve zbytku Turkmenist\u00e1nu. O\u00a0tom toho p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nev\u00edme.\u201c<\/p>\n

Voda a\u00a0s\u016fl za politickou pasivitu<\/p>\n

Plynov\u00e9 bohatstv\u00ed b\u00fdvalo spojov\u00e1no s\u00a0nepsanou spole\u010denskou smlouvou: obyvatel\u00e9 dost\u00e1vali zdarma ur\u010dit\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed plynu, elekt\u0159iny, vody a\u00a0soli a\u00a0v\u00fdm\u011bnou se od nich o\u010dek\u00e1vala politick\u00e1 pasivita.<\/p>\n

Tento obraz ale u\u017e dnes aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed nen\u00ed. Bezplatn\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky z\u00e1kladn\u00edch slu\u017eeb byly zru\u0161eny od 1.\u00a0ledna 2019\u00a0a\u00a0obyvatel\u00e9 je tak nyn\u00ed dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed za zv\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00e9 ceny, nikoli zdarma. Odstran\u011bn\u00ed dotac\u00ed m\u011blo dle odborn\u00edka z\u00e1sadn\u00ed dopad. N\u00edzk\u00e9 mzdy se v\u00fdrazn\u011b nezv\u00fd\u0161ily, dom\u00e1cnosti ale za\u010daly platit za slu\u017eby, kter\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edve z\u00edsk\u00e1valy bezplatn\u011b.<\/p>\n

\u201eMysl\u00edm si, \u017ee chudoba je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1. Existuje potravinov\u00e1 nejistota a\u00a0zna\u010dn\u00e1 m\u00edra materi\u00e1ln\u00edho str\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed,\u201c uvedl profesor z\u00a0Glasgow. Spolehliv\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla v\u0161ak prakticky neexistuj\u00ed. Turkmensk\u00e1 ekonomika pat\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0nejm\u00e9n\u011b transparentn\u00edm na sv\u011bt\u011b a\u00a0st\u00e1t nezve\u0159ej\u0148uje \u00fadaje, z\u00a0nich\u017e by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u011b ur\u010dit rozsah chudoby.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edjmy z\u00a0plynu p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou \u010d\u00e1st st\u00e1tn\u00edch financ\u00ed, ve\u0159ejnost ale nem\u00e1 mo\u017enost zjistit, kam p\u0159esn\u011b pen\u00edze sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed. \u201eSt\u00e1t zcela netransparentn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem kontroluje, kam p\u0159\u00edjmy jdou. Rozhodn\u011b nejsou p\u0159erozd\u011blov\u00e1ny obyvatelstvu,\u201c tvrd\u00ed Anceschi.<\/p>\n

Turkmenist\u00e1n se po z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti v\u00a0roce 1991\u00a0za\u010dal postupn\u011b izolovat pod heslem \u201etrval\u00e9 neutrality\u201c. Prvn\u00ed prezident Saparmurat Nijazov, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Turkmenba\u0161i, neboli v\u016fdce Turkmen\u016f, uzav\u0159el hranice, zlikvidoval politickou konkurenci a\u00a0vybudoval rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd kult vlastn\u00ed osobnosti.<\/p>\n

Z p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f za zemn\u00ed plyn nechal p\u0159estav\u011bt A\u0161chabad na monument\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bsto b\u00edl\u00e9ho mramoru, zlat\u00fdch soch a\u00a0t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdch bulv\u00e1r\u016f. Po jeho smrti v\u00a0roce 2006\u00a0p\u0159evzal moc Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow. Ten v\u00a0roce 2022\u00a0p\u0159edal prezidentsk\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad sv\u00e9mu synovi Serdarovi, ale jako \u201en\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u016fdce\u201c si uchoval zna\u010dn\u00fd politick\u00fd vliv.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdm\u011bna prezidenta tak neznamenala skute\u010dn\u00e9 st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed moci. Vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed syst\u00e9m z\u016fstal v\u00a0rukou jedn\u00e9 rodiny.<\/p>\n

Foto: Seznam Zpr\u00e1vy<\/p>\n

\u200b<\/p>\n

Dnes Turkmenist\u00e1n svou izolaci ofici\u00e1ln\u011b vysv\u011btluje neutralitou a\u00a0pot\u0159ebou chr\u00e1nit se p\u0159ed nestabilitou, islamistick\u00fdmi skupinami a\u00a0pa\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm drog ze sousedn\u00edho Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu. V\u00a0praxi to v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1 aktivn\u00ed balancov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi velmocemi jako sp\u00ed\u0161 snahu u\u010dinit zemi co nejm\u00e9n\u011b propustnou pro vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlivy.<\/p>\n

A\u0161chabad v\u00fdrazn\u011bji nereagoval ani na ruskou invazi na Ukrajinu a\u00a0na rozd\u00edl od Kazachst\u00e1nu \u010di Uzbekist\u00e1nu se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nepokusil vyu\u017e\u00edt slab\u0161\u00edho rusk\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed k\u00a0aktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politice.<\/p>\n

\u201eZp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm neutralitu ch\u00e1pou, jako udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed stejn\u00e9ho odstupu a\u00a0nezapojov\u00e1n\u00ed se, ve skute\u010dnosti znamen\u00e1 izolaci,\u201c uvedl Anceschi. \u201eCht\u011bj\u00ed zabr\u00e1nit tomu, aby se jak\u00fdkoli vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vliv dostal dovnit\u0159 zem\u011b.\u201c<\/p>\n

Re\u017eim postaven\u00fd na strachu<\/p>\n

Turkmensk\u00fd re\u017eim nestoj\u00ed jen na izolaci od informac\u00ed ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Jeho z\u00e1kladn\u00edm n\u00e1strojem je strach.<\/p>\n

\u201eRe\u017eim se sna\u017e\u00ed lidi p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dovat a\u00a0pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 rozs\u00e1hlou propagandu. V\u00a0kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku je ale nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed strach,\u201c vysv\u011btluje expert. \u201eLid\u00e9 se pod\u0159izuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm proto, \u017ee se boj\u00ed toho, co by jim vl\u00e1da mohla ud\u011blat, ne proto, \u017ee by v\u011b\u0159ili tomu, co vl\u00e1da \u0159\u00edk\u00e1.\u201c<\/p>\n

Za Nijazova hr\u00e1la z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli Ruhnama, prezidentova \u00fadajn\u011b duchovn\u00ed a\u00a0historick\u00e1 kniha, kter\u00e1 se stala sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161koln\u00ed v\u00fduky, st\u00e1tn\u00edch zkou\u0161ek i\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch ritu\u00e1l\u016f. Kult osobnosti v\u0161ak nebyl jen bizarn\u00edm divadlem.<\/p>\n

\u201eLid\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee pokud se nepod\u0159\u00edd\u00ed, mohou b\u00fdt zbiti, zat\u010deni nebo zabiti. Tento syst\u00e9m nefunguje pouze prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm m\u011bkk\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f. Funguje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm represe, kter\u00e1 je n\u00e1sledn\u011b obalena propagandou,\u201c vysv\u011btlil Anceschi.<\/p>\n

Re\u017eim m\u016f\u017ee zasahovat tak\u00e9 proti rodin\u00e1m kritik\u016f. Anceschi p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 protesty turkmensk\u00fdch emigrant\u016f ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech, p\u0159i nich\u017e se n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci odm\u00edtali nechat fotografovat, proto\u017ee se ob\u00e1vali n\u00e1sledk\u016f pro p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 doma. \u201eV tomto smyslu jde skute\u010dn\u011b o\u00a0policejn\u00ed st\u00e1t,\u201c dodal profesor.<\/p>\n

Turkmenist\u00e1n se v\u00a0leto\u0161n\u00edm sv\u011btov\u00e9m indexu<\/a> svobody tisku organizace Report\u00e9\u0159i bez hranic um\u00edstil na 173.\u00a0m\u00edst\u011b ze 180\u00a0hodnocen\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy jsou blokov\u00e1ny a\u00a0dom\u00e1c\u00ed m\u00e9dia slou\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b k\u00a0oslav\u011b re\u017eimu.<\/p>\n

Human Rights Watch<\/a> hovo\u0159\u00ed o\u00a0t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u00fapln\u00e9m pop\u0159en\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00fdch a\u00a0politick\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a\u00a0o \u00fapln\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed kontrole p\u0159\u00edstupu k\u00a0informac\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Plynov\u00e9 bohatstv\u00ed bez prosperity<\/p>\n

Izolace ovliv\u0148uje tak\u00e9 schopnost zem\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvat jej\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159skou v\u00fdhodu. Turkmenist\u00e1n m\u00e1 \u010dtvrt\u00e9 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1soby zemn\u00edho plynu na sv\u011bt\u011b, p\u0159esto se energetickou velmoc\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edho v\u00fdznamu nikdy nestal.<\/p>\n

Podle Anceschiho veden\u00ed zem\u011b omezuje p\u0159\u00edstup zahrani\u010dn\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kv\u016fli strachu z\u00a0vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho vlivu. V\u011bt\u0161ina velk\u00fdch nalezi\u0161\u0165 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na pevnin\u011b a\u00a0do t\u011bchto projekt\u016f z\u00edskala v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 st\u00e1tn\u00ed spole\u010dnost CNPC, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed firmy p\u016fsob\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v\u00a0men\u0161\u00edch projektech v\u00a0Kaspick\u00e9m mo\u0159i.<\/p>\n

\u201eVl\u00e1da nechce, aby do zem\u011b p\u0159ich\u00e1zely z\u00e1padn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti a\u00a0p\u0159iv\u00e1\u017eely si vlastn\u00ed zam\u011bstnance. Lid\u00e9 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed my\u0161lenky a\u00a0my\u0161lenky se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed,\u201c vysv\u011btlil Anceschi. \u201eZem\u011b nevyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sv\u016fj energetick\u00fd potenci\u00e1l naplno, proto\u017ee jej\u00ed veden\u00ed je paranoidn\u00ed, pokud jde o\u00a0politick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky zahrani\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti.\u201c<\/p>\n

Po rozpadu Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu sm\u011b\u0159oval t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve\u0161ker\u00fd turkmensk\u00fd plyn p\u0159es zd\u011bd\u011bnou s\u00ed\u0165 plynovod\u016f do Ruska. Zlom nastal v\u00a0roce 2009, kdy byl otev\u0159en plynovod ze St\u0159edn\u00ed Asie do \u010c\u00edny.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Tam te\u010f Turkmenist\u00e1n vyv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 30\u00a0miliard metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch plynu ro\u010dn\u011b a\u00a0letos podepsaly st\u00e1tn\u00ed spole\u010dnost Turkmengaz a\u00a0\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 CNPC dohodu o\u00a0vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dtvrt\u00e9 f\u00e1ze ob\u0159\u00edho nalezi\u0161t\u011b Galkyny\u0161. Projekt za 5,1\u00a0miliardy dolar\u016f m\u00e1 umo\u017enit zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch deseti miliard metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch plynu ro\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd trh tak umo\u017enil A\u0161chabadu sn\u00ed\u017eit z\u00e1vislost na Rusku, o\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed energetick\u00e9 svobod\u011b v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee hovo\u0159it jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed. A\u00a0to i\u00a0p\u0159esto, \u017ee b\u00fdval\u00fd prezident Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow letos ozna\u010dil<\/a> diverzifikaci exportu plynu za \u201ehlavn\u00ed c\u00edl\u201c zem\u011b.<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0ambici\u00f3zn\u00edch, av\u0161ak nedokon\u010den\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u016f je plynovod TAPI, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 v\u00e9st p\u0159es Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n do P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu a\u00a0Indie. Ten se u\u017e des\u00edtky let objevuje v\u00a0ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edch, ani\u017e by vznikla cel\u00e1 pl\u00e1novan\u00e1 trasa.<\/p>\n

A\u0161chabad tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee prvn\u00ed \u00fasek k\u00a0afgh\u00e1nsk\u00e9mu Her\u00e1tu dokon\u010d\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b na konci roku 2026.\u00a0Projekt by v\u0161ak musel p\u0159ekonat bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed probl\u00e9my v\u00a0Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu i\u00a0dlouhodob\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi P\u00e1kist\u00e1nem a\u00a0Indi\u00ed.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Druhou mo\u017enost\u00ed je transkaspick\u00fd plynovod, kter\u00fd by vedl p\u0159es Kaspick\u00e9 mo\u0159e, \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n a\u00a0Turecko do Evropy. Turkmenist\u00e1n projekt ve\u0159ejn\u011b podporuje, podle Berdimuhamedowa ale nejprve mus\u00ed vy\u0159e\u0161it ot\u00e1zky spojen\u00e9 s\u00a0vymezen\u00edm mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho dna s\u00a0\u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nem.<\/p>\n

P\u0159edstava rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch dod\u00e1vek turkmensk\u00e9ho plynu do Evropy je v\u0161ak m\u00e1lo realistick\u00e1. Chyb\u00ed infrastruktura, technologick\u00e9 mo\u017enosti turkmensk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou jsou i\u00a0n\u00e1klady na v\u00fdstavbu, velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti i\u00a0politick\u00fd odpor Ruska.<\/p>\n

\u201eTurkmenist\u00e1n nevyv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed zkapaln\u011bn\u00fd zemn\u00ed plyn. Je odk\u00e1z\u00e1n na plynovody, jejich\u017e vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed vy\u017eaduje obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed pen\u011bz,\u201c podot\u00fdk\u00e1 Anceschi.<\/p>\n

Pochybuje tak\u00e9, zda by dlouhodob\u00e1 evropsk\u00e1 popt\u00e1vka vytvo\u0159ila pro podobn\u00fd projekt dostate\u010dn\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00fd obchodn\u00ed model. Zat\u00edmco turkmensk\u00e9 veden\u00ed ozna\u010duje diverzifikaci za strategickou prioritu, podle Anceschiho pro jej\u00ed uskute\u010dn\u011bn\u00ed A\u0161chabad t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nic konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho neud\u011blal.<\/p>\n

Luka Anceschi v\u0161ak p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00a0zemi, jako je Turkmenist\u00e1n, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 i\u00a0minim\u00e1ln\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00ed. \u201eNejsem si ale jist\u00fd, zda jde o\u00a0prvn\u00ed krok v\u00a0dlouhodob\u00e9m procesu, nebo pouze o\u00a0jednor\u00e1zovou epizodu.\u201c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Monument\u00e1ln\u00ed budovy oblo\u017een\u00e9 b\u00edl\u00fdm mramorem, \u0161irok\u00e9 a\u00a0t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 ulice, proslul\u00ed achaltekin\u0161t\u00ed kon\u011b proh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed se po rozlehl\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u00edch nebo…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":130906,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[10],"tags":[202,150,17,21,35607,16,492,6063,61,17913,18,19,35606,22,56,2156,20],"class_list":["post-130905","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-zpravy","tag-cina","tag-energetika","tag-headlines","tag-hlavni-udalosti","tag-kult-osobnosti","tag-news","tag-plyn","tag-rezim","tag-rusko","tag-stredni-asie","tag-top-news","tag-top-stories","tag-turkmenistan","tag-udalosti-dne","tag-valka-rusko-ukrajina","tag-zemni-plyn","tag-zpravy"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116820266647794268","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130905","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=130905"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130905\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/130906"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=130905"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=130905"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=130905"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}