Rud\u00e1 planeta vydala dal\u0161\u00ed ze sv\u00fdch tajemstv\u00ed. Rover Perseverance objevil v hornin\u00e1ch kr\u00e1teru Jezero na Marsu slo\u017eit\u00e9 organick\u00e9 slou\u010deniny obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed uhl\u00edk \u2013 prvek, bez kter\u00e9ho se neobejde \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 zn\u00e1m\u00e1 forma \u017eivota na Zemi.<\/p>\n
Objev navazuje na lo\u0148sk\u00fd n\u00e1lez z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 horniny p\u0159ezd\u00edvan\u00e9 Cheyava Falls, kter\u00e1 obsahovala mo\u017en\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky d\u00e1vn\u00fdch biologick\u00fdch proces\u016f. Nov\u00e1 <\/a>studie<\/a> nyn\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed dosud nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u016fkaz, \u017ee se v t\u00e9to oblasti Marsu nach\u00e1zelo v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed organick\u00e9 hmoty.<\/p>\n \u201eNa Zemi se makromolekul\u00e1rn\u00ed uhl\u00edk \u010dasto nach\u00e1z\u00ed ve velmi star\u00fdch hornin\u00e1ch a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech p\u0159edstavuje jedin\u00fd organick\u00fd d\u016fkaz d\u00e1vn\u00e9ho mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edho \u017eivota,\u201c uvedla hlavn\u00ed autorka studie Ashley Murphyov\u00e1 z Planetary Science Institute. \u201eN\u00e1lez t\u011bchto organick\u00fdch makromolekul na Marsu a dal\u0161\u00edch planet\u00e1rn\u00edch t\u011blesech n\u00e1m pom\u00e1h\u00e1 zjistit, zda tam n\u011bkdy existovaly pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a podm\u00ednky pro vznik \u010di existenci \u017eivota,\u201c dodala.\u00a0<\/p>\n Stopy v krajin\u011b d\u00e1vn\u00fdch \u0159ek<\/p>\n Kdy\u017e NASA v roce 2021 vyslala rover Perseverance do kr\u00e1teru Jezero, m\u011bla jasn\u00fd c\u00edl: zjistit, zda na Marsu kdysi existovaly podm\u00ednky vhodn\u00e9 pro \u017eivot. Po p\u011bti letech v\u00fdzkumu se zd\u00e1, \u017ee mise p\u0159inesla jeden z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f dosavadn\u00edho pr\u016fzkumu Rud\u00e9 planety: objevila makromolekul\u00e1rn\u00ed uhl\u00edk v hornin\u00e1ch formace Bright Angel. Pr\u00e1v\u011b uhl\u00edk je p\u0159itom z\u00e1kladn\u00edm stavebn\u00edm kamenem v\u0161ech zn\u00e1m\u00fdch forem \u017eivota na Zemi.\u00a0<\/p>\n Nov\u011b popsan\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed z roku 2024 a do\u0161lo k n\u011bmu p\u0159i pr\u016fzkumu \u00fadol\u00ed Neretva Vallis – dnes vyschl\u00e9ho \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho koryta, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ed miliardami let p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011blo vodu do kr\u00e1teru Jezero.\u00a0<\/p>\n \u201eM\u011b\u0159en\u00ed dvou j\u00edlovit\u00fdch sediment\u00e1rn\u00edch hornin ukazuj\u00ed stovky detekc\u00ed organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje dosud nejrobustn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed detekci organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek v kr\u00e1teru Jezero,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed v\u011bdci ve studii<\/a> zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 v \u010dasopise Science Advances. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je to prvn\u00ed potvrzen\u00fd n\u00e1lez makromolekul\u00e1rn\u00edho uhl\u00edku p\u0159\u00edmo na p\u0159irozen\u00e9m povrchu marsovsk\u00e9 horniny.<\/p>\n Zaj\u00edmav\u00fd je i \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed kontext objevu. Kr\u00e1ter Jezero le\u017e\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159i tis\u00edce kilometr\u016f od kr\u00e1teru Gale, kde u\u017e d\u0159\u00edve organick\u00e9 molekuly objevil rover Curiosity. \u201eNazna\u010duje to, \u017ee v\u00fdskyt organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek mohl b\u00fdt p\u0159ed miliardami let na cel\u00e9 planet\u011b mnohem roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed,\u201c doplnil spoluautor studie Kyle Uckert z laborato\u0159e NASA.<\/p>\n D\u016fkaz \u017eivota? Je\u0161t\u011b ne<\/p>\n P\u0159esto\u017ee objev vzbuzuje velk\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u011bdci zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee zat\u00edm nelze s jistotou ur\u010dit, zda nalezen\u00fd uhl\u00edk vznikl p\u016fsoben\u00edm \u017eivota. <\/p>\n Makromolekul\u00e1rn\u00ed uhl\u00edk m\u016f\u017ee vznikat biologickou cestou, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u010dinnost\u00ed mikroorganism\u016f. Stejn\u011b tak se ale m\u016f\u017ee tvo\u0159it i \u010dist\u011b geologick\u00fdmi procesy. \u201eExistuje n\u011bkolik mo\u017en\u00fdch cest, jak mohou na Marsu vznikat organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky i bez p\u0159\u00edtomnosti \u017eivota,\u201c upozor\u0148uj\u00ed auto\u0159i studie.<\/p>\n Mezi mo\u017en\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e pat\u0159\u00ed chemick\u00e9 reakce v hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00edch syst\u00e9mech nebo p\u0159\u00edsun organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm meteorit\u016f. Ani Perseverance, ani star\u0161\u00ed Curiosity p\u0159itom nemaj\u00ed vybaven\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by dok\u00e1zalo biologick\u00fd a nebiologick\u00fd p\u016fvod t\u011bchto l\u00e1tek spolehliv\u011b rozli\u0161it.<\/p>\n Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto NASA dlouhodob\u011b pl\u00e1nuje dopravit vzorky z Marsu na Zemi. Perseverance u\u017e n\u011bkolik let ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 odebran\u00e9 horniny do speci\u00e1ln\u00edch pouzder ur\u010den\u00fdch pro budouc\u00ed n\u00e1vratovou misi. Teprve v pozemsk\u00fdch laborato\u0159\u00edch budou m\u00edt v\u011bdci k dispozici dostate\u010dn\u011b citliv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje, aby mohli definitivn\u011b ur\u010dit, zda nalezen\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed stopu d\u00e1vn\u00e9ho \u017eivota, nebo pouze zaj\u00edmav\u00fd geologick\u00fd proces.<\/p>\n Video: NASA ozn\u00e1mila pl\u00e1ny na vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1l\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny na M\u011bs\u00edci v hodnot\u011b 20 miliard dolar\u016f<\/p>\n Zdroje: Science<\/a>, SPACE<\/a>, Guardian<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Rud\u00e1 planeta vydala dal\u0161\u00ed ze sv\u00fdch tajemstv\u00ed. Rover Perseverance objevil v hornin\u00e1ch kr\u00e1teru Jezero na Marsu slo\u017eit\u00e9 organick\u00e9…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8221,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[13],"tags":[5367,74,73,78,75,77,76,1540],"class_list":["post-131844","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-veda-a-technika","tag-mars","tag-science","tag-science-technology","tag-technika","tag-technology","tag-veda","tag-veda-a-technika","tag-vesmir"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116826443974251463","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131844","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=131844"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131844\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8221"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=131844"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=131844"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=131844"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}