{"id":132733,"date":"2026-06-29T06:21:14","date_gmt":"2026-06-29T06:21:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/132733\/"},"modified":"2026-06-29T06:21:14","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T06:21:14","slug":"po-stopach-perzekuce-africkych-nemcu-archeologove-z-cr-a-jar-odhalili-internacni-tabor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/132733\/","title":{"rendered":"Po stop\u00e1ch perzekuce africk\u00fdch N\u011bmc\u016f. Archeologov\u00e9 z\u00a0\u010cR a\u00a0JAR odhalili interna\u010dn\u00ed t\u00e1bor"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Afrika (dnes Namibie) a\u00a0V\u00fdchodn\u00ed Afrika (Tanganika, Rwanda a\u00a0Burundi) byly do roku 1919\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi koloniemi. N\u011bmeck\u00e9 obyvatelstvo zde tvo\u0159ilo po\u010dtem men\u0161inovou, ale hospod\u00e1\u0159sky a\u00a0politicky elitn\u00ed skupinu. Po versaillesk\u00e9 konferenci, kter\u00e1 s\u00a0prvn\u00ed sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lkou ukon\u010dila i\u00a0existenci n\u011bmeck\u00e9 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, se tito farm\u00e1\u0159i, t\u011b\u017ea\u0159i, \u0159emesln\u00edci a\u00a0obchodn\u00edci dost\u00e1vali pod st\u00e1le siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed britsk\u00fd tlak.<\/p>\n

Po vypuknut\u00ed 2.\u00a0sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky byli jako potenci\u00e1ln\u011b nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u0161t\u00ed cizinci dosp\u011bl\u00ed mu\u017ei z\u00a0t\u00e9to komunity internov\u00e1ni v\u00a0n\u011bkolika deten\u010dn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch. Jedno z\u00a0nich, naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 Camp Andalusia, se nach\u00e1zelo v\u00a0centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti JAR u\u00a0m\u011bste\u010dka Jan Kempdorp. Bylo tu internov\u00e1no asi 1200\u00a0mu\u017e\u016f.<\/p>\n

Foto: P. Hasil<\/p>\n

Camp Andalusia, celkov\u00fd pohled. V\u00a0pop\u0159ed\u00ed jsou patrn\u00e9 fundamenty budov vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch str\u00e1\u017en\u00edm odd\u00edlem.<\/p>\n

\u201eK africk\u00fdm N\u011bmc\u016fm se zde p\u0159ipojili p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci \u0158\u00ed\u0161e, kte\u0159\u00ed se nach\u00e1zeli na britsk\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch na jihu Afriky, a\u00a0tak\u00e9 pos\u00e1dky zabaven\u00fdch n\u011bmeck\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch lod\u00ed. To, co n\u00e1sledovalo po skon\u010den\u00ed v\u00e1lky v\u00a0letech 1946\u20131948, pak d\u016fv\u011brn\u011b zn\u00e1me i\u00a0z evropsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin,\u201c poznamenal vedouc\u00ed expedice z\u00a0Archeologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR Praha Jan Hasil.<\/p>\n

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\u201eP\u0159esto\u017ee se internovan\u00ed N\u011bmci b\u011bhem v\u00e1lky samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nemohli dopou\u0161t\u011bt nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti nebo dokonce v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zlo\u010din\u016f, n\u00e1sledovala vlna nucen\u00fdch repatriac\u00ed cel\u00fdch rodin zp\u011bt do N\u011bmecka pod hlavi\u010dkou kolektivn\u00ed politick\u00e9 nespolehlivosti,\u201c vysv\u011btlil.<\/p>\n

Nebylo jasn\u00e9, kter\u00e9 ruiny souvisej\u00ed s\u00a0t\u00e1borem<\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1klad\u011b historick\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u016f a\u00a0leteck\u00fdch fotografi\u00ed znovuobjevili \u010de\u0161t\u00ed archeologov\u00e9 se sv\u00fdmi jihoafrick\u00fdmi kolegy letos v\u00a0kv\u011btnu po 80\u00a0letech stavebn\u00ed poz\u016fstatky budov t\u00e1bora, mezi nimi\u017e dominuje n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek bungalov\u016f, jich\u017e bylo p\u016fvodn\u011b na dv\u011b stovky.<\/p>\n

\u201eV\u011bd\u011blo se, \u017ee t\u00e1bor st\u00e1l na pozemc\u00edch farmy zvan\u00e9 Andalusia, ale p\u0159esn\u00e1 topografie chyb\u011bla. T\u00edm p\u00e1dem nebylo ani jasn\u00e9, kter\u00e9 ruiny v\u00a0\u0161ir\u0161\u00edm okol\u00ed souvisej\u00ed s\u00a0t\u00e1borem a\u00a0kter\u00e9 s\u00a0kas\u00e1rnami jihoafrick\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, respektive civiln\u00edm os\u00eddlen\u00edm, ani jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem a\u00a0kde p\u0159esn\u011b je t\u00e1bor dochov\u00e1n \u010di zni\u010den,\u201c up\u0159es\u0148uje Jan Hasil.<\/p>\n

Foto: J. Hasil<\/p>\n

Odkryt\u00e9 fundamenty jednoho ze dvou stovek bungalov\u016f, kter\u00e9 slou\u017eily k\u00a0ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161esti mu\u017e\u016f.<\/p>\n

Bungalovy, typizovan\u00e9 montovan\u00e9 domky z\u00a0vlnit\u00e9ho plechu, ob\u00fdvala v\u017edy \u0161estice internovan\u00fdch. S\u00a0jejich stroh\u00fdm vojensk\u00fdm stylem podle odborn\u00edk\u016f ost\u0159e kontrastuj\u00ed p\u0159edzahr\u00e1dky vyskl\u00e1dan\u00e9 z\u00a0m\u00edstn\u00edch kamen\u016f \u010di jak\u00e9hokoli jin\u00e9ho dostupn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, v\u00a0nich\u017e internovan\u00ed p\u011bstovali ovoce, zeleninu i\u00a0okrasn\u00e9 kv\u011btiny.<\/p>\n

Sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o\u00a0tom tak\u00e9 \u0159ada akvarel\u016f vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch obyvateli t\u00e1bora, kter\u00e9 uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 Museum Caf\u00e9 v\u00a0Jan Kempdorpu.<\/p>\n

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\u201eDokumentace relikt\u016f jednotliv\u00fdch budov a\u00a0t\u00e1borov\u00e9 infrastruktury byla provedena pomoc\u00ed dronu a\u00a0modern\u00edch geodetick\u00fdch metod zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch centimetrovou p\u0159esnost m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. V\u00fdstupem budou ortofotomapy cel\u00e9ho are\u00e1lu t\u00e1bora a\u00a0detailn\u00ed 3D modely. Jako kdybychom si Camp Andalusia p\u0159ivezli s\u00a0sebou dom\u016f do Evropy,\u201c uvedl Petr Hasil, specialista na 3D z\u00a0plze\u0148sk\u00e9 Z\u010cU.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci budou s\u00a0materi\u00e1ly d\u00e1le pracovat, nab\u00edzej\u00ed se t\u00e9\u017e dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdkopov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce v\u00a0budoucnu.<\/p>\n

Foto: V. Podhr\u00e1zsk\u00fd<\/p>\n

Badatel\u00e9 pra\u017esk\u00e9ho AR\u00da AV \u010cR a\u00a0Z\u010cU p\u0159i ter\u00e9nn\u00ed dokumentaci<\/p>\n

Foto: S. Berry<\/p>\n

Jan Hasil (vlevo) a\u00a0Garth Benneyworth debatuj\u00ed o\u00a0n\u00e1lezov\u00e9 situaci se studenty Sol Plaatje University.<\/p>\n

\u201ePorozum\u011bn\u00ed fenom\u00e9nu interna\u010dn\u00edch t\u00e1bor\u016f z\u00a0pohledu archeologie konflikt\u016f a\u00a0p\u00e9\u010de o\u00a0jejich hmotn\u00e9 poz\u016fstatky jsou kl\u00ed\u010dem k\u00a0tomu, abychom pochopili, jak se formovala modern\u00ed doba. Lokalita Andalusia je spojena i\u00a0s jihoafrickou v\u00e1lkou (1899\u20131902), t\u00e1bory nucen\u00fdch prac\u00ed pro \u010dernochy pobl\u00ed\u017e Jan Kempdorpu a\u00a0Kimberley a\u00a0koncentra\u010dn\u00edmi t\u00e1bory pro \u010dernochy a\u00a0B\u00fary v\u00a0na\u0161em regionu i\u00a0po cel\u00e9 Ji\u017en\u00ed Africe. Takov\u00e1 m\u00edsta konflikt\u016f se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu, jak jej vyjad\u0159uje n\u00e1\u0161 spole\u010dn\u00fd projekt a\u00a0vize propojen\u00e9 humanity,\u201c dodal na z\u00e1v\u011br Garth Benneyworth ze Sol Plaatje University.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkum je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed projektu Opera\u010dn\u00edho programu Jan Amos Komensk\u00fd \u201eZdivo\u010del\u00e1 zem\u011b: archeologick\u00fd a\u00a0transdisciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum resilien\u010dn\u00edch strategi\u00ed ve 20.\u00a0stolet\u00ed\u201c, podpo\u0159en\u00e9ho M\u0160MT a\u00a0spolufinancovan\u00e9ho EU. C\u00edlem badatel\u016f je archeologick\u00e9 pozn\u00e1n\u00ed interna\u010dn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u00a0st\u00e1tn\u00edho teroru 20.\u00a0stolet\u00ed v\u00a0glob\u00e1ln\u00ed perspektiv\u011b, od sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho Gulagu v\u00a0Kazachst\u00e1nu, p\u0159es nacistick\u00e9 koncentra\u010dn\u00ed a\u00a0pracovn\u00ed t\u00e1bory v\u00a0\u010cR a\u00a0Polsku a\u00a0m\u00edsta spojen\u00e1 s\u00a0nucenou prac\u00ed v\u00a0dob\u011b komunismu v\u00a0tuzemsku a\u017e pr\u00e1v\u011b po britsk\u00fd interna\u010dn\u00ed t\u00e1bor v\u00a0JAR.<\/p>\n

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