![](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/prvnisvetovavalka-historie.jpeg\")
Foto: Wikimedia commons\/\u00d6sterreichische Nationalbibliothek, Bildarchiv Austria, Inventarnr. LSCH 0029-C<\/p>\nEvropa kr\u00e1\u010dela do v\u00e1lky<\/p>\n
Kdy\u017e 28.\u00a0\u010dervence 1914\u00a0vyhl\u00e1silo Rakousko-Uhersko v\u00e1lku Srbsku, m\u00e1lokdo si dok\u00e1zal p\u0159edstavit, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed konflikt, jak\u00fd lidstvo do t\u00e9 doby za\u017eilo.<\/p>\n
Foto: Wikimedia commons\/\u00d6sterreichische Nationalbibliothek, Bildarchiv Austria, Inventarnr. LSCH 0029-C<\/p>\n
Franti\u0161ek Ferdinand d’Este<\/p>\n
Atent\u00e1t na n\u00e1sledn\u00edka rakousko-uhersk\u00e9ho tr\u016fnu Franti\u0161ka Ferdinanda d’Este v\u00a0Sarajevu o\u00a0m\u011bs\u00edc d\u0159\u00edve odstartoval diplomatickou krizi, kter\u00e1 se b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika t\u00fddn\u016f zm\u011bnila v\u00a0evropskou katastrofu.<\/p>\n
Rusko zah\u00e1jilo mobilizaci, N\u011bmecko vyhl\u00e1silo v\u00e1lku Rusku a\u00a0Francii a\u00a0po n\u011bmeck\u00e9m vp\u00e1du do neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed Belgie vstoupilo 4.\u00a0srpna do v\u00e1lky tak\u00e9 Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed. B\u011bhem jedin\u00e9ho t\u00fddne se z\u00a0lok\u00e1ln\u00edho konfliktu na Balk\u00e1n\u011b stala sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka.<\/p>\n
Nad\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 brzy zmizelo<\/p>\n
Prvn\u00ed dny v\u00e1lky prov\u00e1zela atmosf\u00e9ra, kter\u00e1 dnes p\u016fsob\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nepochopiteln\u011b. Ve V\u00eddni, Berl\u00edn\u011b, Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei, Petrohradu i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch m\u011bstech zaplnily ulice desetitis\u00edce lid\u00ed. Hr\u00e1ly vojensk\u00e9 kapely, vl\u00e1ly st\u00e1tn\u00ed vlajky a\u00a0davy provol\u00e1valy sl\u00e1vu sv\u00fdm panovn\u00edk\u016fm.<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/historie-prvnisvetovavalka.jpeg\")
Foto: Wikimedia commons\/ N\u00e1rodn\u00ed knihovna \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky <\/p>\n
Mnoho mlad\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f odch\u00e1zelo na frontu dobrovoln\u011b. V\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee v\u00e1lka bude kr\u00e1tk\u00e1, slavn\u00e1 a\u00a0dobrodru\u017en\u00e1.<\/p>\n
\u201eDo V\u00e1noc budeme doma.\u201c<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato v\u011bta se stala symbolem l\u00e9ta roku 1914.<\/p>\n
Vlaky vezly miliony voj\u00e1k\u016f<\/p>\n
N\u00e1dra\u017e\u00ed se b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika dn\u016f prom\u011bnila v\u00a0centra obrovsk\u00e9 mobilizace.<\/p>\n
Jeden vojensk\u00fd vlak st\u0159\u00eddal druh\u00fd. \u017deny obj\u00edmaly sv\u00e9 man\u017eely, d\u011bti m\u00e1valy otc\u016fm z\u00a0n\u00e1stupi\u0161\u0165 a\u00a0vojensk\u00e9 kapely hr\u00e1ly pochody. M\u00e1lokdo tu\u0161il, \u017ee mnoz\u00ed z\u00a0t\u011bchto mu\u017e\u016f u\u017e sv\u00e9 rodiny nikdy neuvid\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Mobilizace prob\u00edhala podle detailn\u011b p\u0159ipraven\u00fdch \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u016f. Jen N\u011bmecko b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika dn\u016f p\u0159epravilo na frontu v\u00edce ne\u017e dva miliony voj\u00e1k\u016f. Podobn\u011b postupovalo i\u00a0Rakousko-Uhersko, Rusko nebo Francie.<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1v\u011b \u017eeleznice se stala jednou z\u00a0nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zbran\u00ed prvn\u00edch t\u00fddn\u016f v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n
Do v\u00e1lky odj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bli i\u00a0\u010ce\u0161i<\/p>\n
Tak\u00e9 v\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch za\u010daly odj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bt pluky rakousko-uhersk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. Mu\u017ei z\u00a0Prahy, Brna, Plzn\u011b, \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic, Litom\u011b\u0159ic, Terez\u00edna i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch m\u011bst nastupovali do vlak\u016f sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edch nejprve proti Srbsku a\u00a0pozd\u011bji na v\u00fdchodn\u00ed frontu proti Rusku.<\/p>\n
Jen b\u011bhem v\u00e1lky narukovalo do rakousko-uhersk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1,4\u00a0milionu mu\u017e\u016f z\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Des\u00edtky tis\u00edc z\u00a0nich se dom\u016f u\u017e nikdy nevr\u00e1tily.<\/p>\n
Prvn\u00ed boje je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00ednaly v\u00e1lky 19.\u00a0stolet\u00ed. P\u011bchota \u00fato\u010dila v\u00a0sev\u0159en\u00fdch \u0159ad\u00e1ch, jezdectvo vyr\u00e1\u017eelo do \u00fatok\u016f a\u00a0gener\u00e1lov\u00e9 st\u00e1le v\u011b\u0159ili v\u00a0rychl\u00e9 pr\u016flomy.<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/historie-prvnisvetovavalka-rakouskouhersko.jpeg\")
Foto: Wikimedia commons\/Public domain <\/p>\n
Jen\u017ee modern\u00ed kulomety, t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 d\u011blost\u0159electvo a\u00a0ostnat\u00e9 dr\u00e1ty prom\u011bnily boji\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0jatka. B\u011bhem n\u011bkolika t\u00fddn\u016f utrp\u011bly v\u0161echny arm\u00e1dy statis\u00edcov\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty. Francouzsk\u00e9 \u00fatoky v\u00a0Alsasku a\u00a0Lotrinsku, rakousko-uhersk\u00e9 ne\u00fasp\u011bchy v\u00a0Srbsku i\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00fd postup p\u0159es Belgii uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee star\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy p\u0159estaly platit.<\/p>\n
V\u00e1lka, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla trvat n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, se zm\u011bnila v\u00a0boj na \u010dty\u0159i dlouh\u00e9 roky.<\/p>\n
Sen o\u00a0rychl\u00e9m v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed skon\u010dil<\/p>\n
Na za\u010d\u00e1tku z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1914\u00a0zastavila francouzsk\u00e1 a\u00a0britsk\u00e1 vojska n\u011bmeck\u00fd postup na \u0159ece Marn\u011b. Ob\u011b strany se za\u010daly zakop\u00e1vat a\u00a0b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f vznikla soustava z\u00e1kop\u016f dlouh\u00e1 stovky kilometr\u016f.<\/p>\n
Za\u010dala opot\u0159ebovac\u00ed v\u00e1lka, kter\u00e1 se stala symbolem prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n
L\u00e9to, kter\u00e9 zm\u011bnilo sv\u011bt<\/p>\n
Prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka si nakonec vy\u017e\u00e1dala p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b dvacet milion\u016f mrtv\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f i\u00a0civilist\u016f. Zanikly \u010dty\u0159i velk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e\u00a0\u2013 n\u011bmeck\u00e1, rakousko-uhersk\u00e1, rusk\u00e1 i\u00a0osmansk\u00e1\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0mapa Evropy se zm\u011bnila k\u00a0nepozn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Kdy\u017e dnes sledujeme fotografie usm\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch se voj\u00e1k\u016f odj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch z\u00a0n\u00e1dra\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0l\u00e9t\u011b roku 1914, je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 uv\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nikdo z\u00a0nich netu\u0161il, co je \u010dek\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Odj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bli s\u00a0nad\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee budou za n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f doma. M\u00edsto toho se mnoz\u00ed u\u017e nikdy nevr\u00e1tili.<\/p>\n
Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch logistick\u00fdch v\u00fdkon\u016f prvn\u00edch dn\u016f v\u00e1lky byla \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed mobilizace. N\u011bmecko dok\u00e1zalo b\u011bhem prvn\u00edch dvou t\u00fddn\u016f v\u00e1lky p\u0159epravit na frontu v\u00edce ne\u017e dva miliony voj\u00e1k\u016f, p\u0159es 600\u00a0000\u00a0kon\u00ed a\u00a0tis\u00edce d\u011bl. Bez \u017eeleznic by podobn\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 mobilizace v\u016fbec nebyla mo\u017en\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Jestli v\u00e1s \u010dl\u00e1nek zaujal, budu r\u00e1d za podporu v\u00a0podob\u011b lajku, koment\u00e1\u0159e nebo sledov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Hew Strachan \u2013 The First World War: Volume I \u2013 To Arms
Oxford University Press, 2001
ISBN: 978-0199261918David Stevenson \u2013 1914\u20131918: The History of the First World War
Penguin Books, 2005
ISBN: 978-0140268171Max Hastings \u2013 Catastrophe: Europe Goes to War 1914
William Collins, 2013
ISBN: 978-0007519750Christopher Clark \u2013 The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914
Penguin Books, 2012
ISBN: 978-0713999426Wikipedia \u2013 July Crisis, World War I, Schlieffen Plan<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Evropa kr\u00e1\u010dela do v\u00e1lky Kdy\u017e 28.\u00a0\u010dervence 1914\u00a0vyhl\u00e1silo Rakousko-Uhersko v\u00e1lku Srbsku, m\u00e1lokdo si dok\u00e1zal p\u0159edstavit, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":135201,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[11],"tags":[8018,441,3408,54,53,52],"class_list":["post-135200","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-ceska-historie","tag-historie","tag-prvni-svetova-valka","tag-svet","tag-world","tag-world-news"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116844689215577811","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135200","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=135200"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135200\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/135201"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=135200"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=135200"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=135200"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}