![](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/historie.jpeg\")
Foto: Wikimedia commons\/public domain<\/p>\nO Zdenku Hude\u010dkovi jsem u\u017e jednou psal. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce jsem b\u00e1dal po jeho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu, t\u00edm v\u00edc jsem m\u011bl pocit, \u017ee jeden \u010dl\u00e1nek nesta\u010d\u00ed. Mluv\u00edme toti\u017e o\u00a0\u010cechovi, kter\u00fd pat\u0159il mezi nej\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ponorkov\u00e9 velitele prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Mu\u017ei, jeho\u017e se ob\u00e1valy spojeneck\u00e9 lod\u011b ve St\u0159edozemn\u00edm mo\u0159i, a\u00a0p\u0159esto dnes jeho jm\u00e9no zn\u00e1 jen hrstka lid\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto si podle m\u011b zaslou\u017e\u00ed, aby se jeho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh p\u0159ipomn\u011bl znovu a\u00a0tentokr\u00e1t podrobn\u011bji.<\/p>\n
Kdy\u017e se \u0159ekne prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka, v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed si p\u0159edstav\u00ed z\u00e1kopy, ostnat\u00e9 dr\u00e1ty a\u00a0miliony voj\u00e1k\u016f bojuj\u00edc\u00edch na z\u00e1padn\u00ed nebo v\u00fdchodn\u00ed front\u011b. Jen m\u00e1lokdo si ale uv\u011bdomuje, \u017ee stejn\u011b nel\u00edtostn\u00e1 v\u00e1lka prob\u00edhala i\u00a0pod hladinou mo\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1v\u011b tam se zrodila legenda \u010desk\u00e9ho rod\u00e1ka Zdenka Hude\u010dka\u00a0\u2013 mu\u017ee, kter\u00fd se stal jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nej\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ponorkov\u00fdch velitel\u016f cel\u00e9ho rakousko-uhersk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva. P\u0159esto dnes jeho jm\u00e9no zn\u00e1 jen hrstka z\u00e1jemc\u016f o\u00a0vojenskou historii.<\/p>\n
Zdenko Hude\u010dek se narodil 22.\u00a0\u010dervna 1887\u00a0v\u00a0Terez\u00edn\u011b do rodiny vojensk\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159e. O\u00a0otce p\u0159i\u0161el u\u017e jako mal\u00fd chlapec a\u00a0vyr\u016fstal na Morav\u011b. P\u0159esto\u017ee poch\u00e1zel z\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, jeho \u017eivotn\u00ed cesta nakonec vedla stovky kilometr\u016f od domova\u00a0\u2013 na paluby v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch lod\u00ed Rakouska-Uherska.<\/p>\n
Po studi\u00edch nastoupil na n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed akademii ve Fiume, dne\u0161n\u00ed chorvatsk\u00e9 Rijece. Absolventi t\u00e9to \u0161koly p\u0159edstavovali elitu c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9ho a\u00a0kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva. Hude\u010dek nejprve slou\u017eil na hladinov\u00fdch lod\u00edch, ale brzy ho zaujala nov\u00e1 zbra\u0148, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla zm\u011bnit n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed v\u00e1lku\u00a0\u2013 ponorka.<\/p>\n
Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20.\u00a0stolet\u00ed byly ponorky st\u00e1le pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za experiment. Mnoz\u00ed admir\u00e1lov\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee budoucnost pat\u0159\u00ed obrovsk\u00fdm bitevn\u00edm lod\u00edm. Prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zala opak.<\/p>\n
Foto: Wikimedia commons\/public domain<\/p>\n
Ponorka U-17<\/p>\n
Nen\u00e1padn\u00e1 plavidla ukryt\u00e1 pod hladinou dok\u00e1zala jedin\u00fdm torp\u00e9dem poslat ke dnu mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed protivn\u00edky. Pro obchodn\u00ed lod\u011b i\u00a0v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 flotily p\u0159edstavovaly neust\u00e1lou hrozbu. V\u00a0prosinci 1915\u00a0p\u0159evzal Hude\u010dek velen\u00ed ponorky U-17.<\/p>\n
Jen o\u00a0n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f pozd\u011bji zaznamenal sv\u016fj prvn\u00ed velk\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch, kdy\u017e torp\u00e9doval a\u00a0potopil italsk\u00fd torp\u00e9doborec Impetuoso. Pro rakousko-uhersk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo \u0161lo o\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00fd z\u00e1sah proti po\u010detn\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu protivn\u00edkovi.<\/p>\n
Postrach St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e<\/p>\n
Roku 1917\u00a0p\u0159evzal modern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ponorku U-28\u00a0a\u00a0pr\u00e1v\u011b tehdy za\u010dala jeho nej\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed etapa.<\/p>\n
Ve St\u0159edozemn\u00edm mo\u0159i potopil \u0159adu britsk\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch lod\u00ed, mimo jin\u00e9 Haigh Hall, Mongara, Maston, Bontnewydd nebo Rapallo. Mezi jeho nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchy pat\u0159ilo tak\u00e9 potopen\u00ed britsk\u00e9 Q-lodi Bradford City.<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1782927014_891_historie-prvnisvetovavalka.jpeg\")
Foto: Wikimedia commons\/public domain<\/p>\n
Okam\u017eik z\u00e1sahu torp\u00e9da od U-28<\/p>\n
Q-lod\u011b byly speci\u00e1ln\u011b upraven\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed lod\u011b vybaven\u00e9 skryt\u00fdmi d\u011bly. Jejich \u00fakolem bylo p\u0159edst\u00edrat bezbrannost, vyl\u00e1kat ponorku na hladinu a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b ji zni\u010dit. Hude\u010dek v\u0161ak lest odhalil d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se Brit\u016fm poda\u0159ilo za\u00fato\u010dit.<\/p>\n
Jeden z\u00a0nejlep\u0161\u00edch velitel\u016f monarchie<\/p>\n
Do konce v\u00e1lky m\u011bl na sv\u00e9m kont\u011b jeden\u00e1ct potopen\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch lod\u00ed a\u00a0dv\u011b v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 lod\u011b. Celkov\u00e1 ton\u00e1\u017e p\u0159es\u00e1hla 45\u00a0000\u00a0BRT.<\/p>\n
Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch historik\u016f byl pr\u00e1v\u011b Zdenko Hude\u010dek nej\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00edm ponorkov\u00fdm velitelem Rakouska-Uherska. Jin\u00e9 statistiky jej \u0159ad\u00ed t\u011bsn\u011b za Georga von Trappa, jeho\u017e jm\u00e9no pozd\u011bji proslavil muzik\u00e1l The Sound of Music.<\/p>\n
Zat\u00edmco von Trappa dnes zn\u00e1 cel\u00fd sv\u011bt, na \u010desk\u00e9ho velitele se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zapomn\u011blo.<\/p>\n
Obvin\u011bn\u00ed z\u00a0v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho zlo\u010dinu<\/p>\n
Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kontroverz\u00ed jeho kari\u00e9ry se stalo potopen\u00ed italsk\u00e9ho parn\u00edku Bosforo v\u00a0lednu 1918.<\/p>\n
It\u00e1lie po v\u00e1lce tvrdila, \u017ee \u0161lo o\u00a0civiln\u00ed lo\u010f, a\u00a0ozna\u010dila Hude\u010dka za v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho zlo\u010dince. Po\u017eadovala jeho vyd\u00e1n\u00ed. Hude\u010dek se br\u00e1nil t\u00edm, \u017ee lo\u010f byla ozbrojen\u00e1, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eela vojensk\u00fd materi\u00e1l a\u00a0b\u011bhem \u00fatoku op\u011btovala palbu.<\/p>\n
\u010ceskoslovensko jeho vyd\u00e1n\u00ed odm\u00edtlo. O\u00a0mnoho desetilet\u00ed pozd\u011bji provedli \u010de\u0161t\u00ed techni\u010dt\u00ed pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di pr\u016fzkum vraku a\u00a0skute\u010dn\u011b objevili v\u00fdzbroj, kter\u00e1 Hude\u010dkovu verzi ud\u00e1lost\u00ed podpo\u0159ila.<\/p>\n
Prvn\u00ed velitel \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho lo\u010fstva<\/p>\n
Po rozpadu Rakouska-Uherska se Hude\u010dek vr\u00e1til do nov\u011b vznikl\u00e9ho \u010ceskoslovenska. P\u0159esto\u017ee republika nem\u011bla p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0mo\u0159i, vytvo\u0159ila na Dunaji mal\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 lo\u010fstvo. Pr\u00e1v\u011b jeho velen\u00edm byl pov\u011b\u0159en zku\u0161en\u00fd ponorkov\u00fd velitel.<\/p>\n
V roce 1919\u00a0se stal prvn\u00edm velitelem \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho lo\u010fstva. Po jeho zru\u0161en\u00ed v\u00a0roce 1921\u00a0ode\u0161el do civiln\u00ed plavby na Dunaji.<\/p>\n
Zapomenut\u00fd \u010desk\u00fd hrdina<\/p>\n
Zdenko Hude\u010dek zem\u0159el v\u00a0roce 1974\u00a0ve v\u011bku 87\u00a0let. P\u0159esto\u017ee pat\u0159il mezi nej\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ponorkov\u00e9 velitele prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, jeho jm\u00e9no dnes v\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch u\u010debnic\u00edch t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nenajdeme.<\/p>\n
Jeho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee \u010ce\u0161i nezanechali stopu jen v\u00a0z\u00e1kopech Hali\u010de nebo v\u00a0\u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch legi\u00edch. Jeden z\u00a0nich se stal postrachem spojeneck\u00fdch lod\u00ed ve St\u0159edozemn\u00edm mo\u0159i a\u00a0sv\u00fdmi v\u00fdsledky se za\u0159adil mezi nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ponorkov\u00e9 velitele cel\u00e9 habsbursk\u00e9 monarchie.<\/p>\n
Mo\u017en\u00e1 nastal \u010das vr\u00e1tit Zdenka Hude\u010dka mezi osobnosti, kter\u00e9 si \u010desk\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 historie p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 \u010dast\u011bji.<\/p>\n
Jestli v\u00e1s \u010dl\u00e1nek zaujal, budu r\u00e1d za podporu v\u00a0podob\u011b lajku, koment\u00e1\u0159e nebo sledov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Lawrence Sondhaus \u2013 The Naval Policy of Austria-Hungary, 1867\u20131918<\/p>\n
Purdue University Press, 1994<\/p>\n
Ren\u00e9 Greger \u2013 Austro-Hungarian Warships of World War I<\/p>\n
Ian Allan Publishing, 1976<\/p>\n
Zvonimir Freivogel \u2013 Austro-Hungarian Submarines in World War IVojensk\u00fd historick\u00fd \u00fastav Praha \u2013 materi\u00e1ly k Zdenku Hude\u010dkoviWikipedia \u2013 Zdenko Hude\u010dek, SM U-17, SM U-28<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"O Zdenku Hude\u010dkovi jsem u\u017e jednou psal. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce jsem b\u00e1dal po jeho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu, t\u00edm v\u00edc jsem m\u011bl…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":135529,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[15],"tags":[8018,441,3261,3255,3408,3409,94,93],"class_list":["post-135528","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-sport","tag-ceska-historie","tag-historie","tag-lode","tag-ponorka","tag-prvni-svetova-valka","tag-rakousko-uhersko","tag-sport","tag-sports"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116845912283253314","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135528","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=135528"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135528\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/135529"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=135528"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=135528"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=135528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}